Dosages and Usage of Several Medications, July 2, 1987

Dosages and Usage of Several Medications, July 2, 1987

1. Nitrogen Mustard (HN2) inhibits ribonucleic acid metabolism and suppresses cancer cell division. Dissolve 10 mg in 250 mL of saline and administer by intravenous drip once daily. A course consists of 4–6 sessions.

2. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a coenzyme that releases energy when it breaks down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The usual dosage is 20 mg, administered via intramuscular injection or slow intravenous infusion, 1–2 times daily.

3. Methimazole, 5–10 mg, taken three times daily. Generally, effects appear after 10–15 days of use, but the duration of treatment should not be too long.

4. Furosemide and Ethacrynic Acid, also known as loop diuretics, have different structures but essentially the same function. They mainly act on the Loop of Henle and are powerful diuretics. Overuse can lead to hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis. In severe cases, it can reduce vascular bed capacity, cause hearing impairment, gastrointestinal reactions, skin rashes, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia. Indications include refractory heart failure, acute pulmonary edema, hepatic coma, and electrolyte disturbances. Contraindicated for those with liver coma or electrolyte disorders. Potassium chloride supplementation is often required during use. Common dosage: Furosemide, 20–40 mg, taken orally 1–2 times daily. Diuresis begins half an hour after oral administration, peaks after 2 hours, and lasts 6–8 hours; intravenous administration takes effect within minutes, peaks after 1 hour, and lasts 6–10 hours.

5. Aminophylline primarily works by dilating glomerular arteries and increasing renal blood flow through enhanced myocardial contractility, thus achieving a diuretic effect. It can also partially inhibit glomerular reabsorption. This drug has diuretic, cardiotonic, and bronchodilatory effects, but its diuretic effect is relatively weak. Common dosage: Oral, 0.1 g, three times daily; intramuscular or intravenous injection, 0.25–0.5 g, dissolved in 5% glucose solution for intravenous drip, or locally very painful when injected intramuscularly.

6. Dopamine is a catecholamine drug that acts on specific dopamine receptors to dilate renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral vessels, especially enhancing myocardial contractility and increasing coronary blood flow. However, high doses activate adrenal receptors, causing vasoconstriction and reducing coronary blood flow. Since individual tolerance to this drug varies greatly, clinical intravenous infusions generally start with small doses—0.5–1 μg per kg body weight per minute. For a 50 kg person, the infusion rate should be 50 μg per minute. Each vial of dopamine contains 20 mg, and the dosage should be gradually increased starting from 20 mg, first dissolving it in 500 mL of 5% glucose solution for slow infusion.