Basic Knowledge of Blood Count 1994.3.3

Basic Knowledge of Blood Count 1994.3.3

1. Meaning of Nucleated Red Cells in Peripheral Blood

① Excessive proliferation caused by hemolysis leads to premature release of nucleated red cells; ② Bone marrow diseases (leukemia, aplastic anemia, malignant tumors) causing anemia—when abnormal cells infiltrate the bone marrow, nucleated cells escape from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood.

2. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Symptoms include fever, bone pain, anemia, elevated reticulocyte count, positive Coombs test (containing IgG, C3), elevated free hemoglobin, and decreased haptoglobin. Bone marrow examination shows extreme erythroid hyperplasia with an inverted granulocyte-to-erythrocyte ratio.

3. Autoimmune Hemolysis

There are primary and secondary types; secondary cases can arise from bacterial infections, connective tissue diseases, and tumors, though tumor-related cases are rare. Primary cases are more common (64%–70%), while secondary cases are less frequent. Those with IgG+C-type are more likely to have positive Coombs tests, whereas negative ones account for only 6%; the former are warm antibodies, while the latter are cold antibodies.