2.1 Origins of the Disease Name

2.1 Origins of the Disease Name

There is no record of the term "liver cancer" in ancient literature. Ancient TCM texts describe conditions named according to their pathogenesis, such as liver accumulation, fatty qi, hidden beam, accumulation, and mass, as well as symptoms like痞气, jaundice, yellowish complexion, abdominal distension, flank pain, and liver distension—conditions that largely correspond to the clinical manifestations and signs of modern liver cancer. For example, the "Fifty-Sixth Question" in the "Nanjing" states: "Liver accumulation is called fatty qi. It appears in the left or right hypochondrium, resembling an overturned cup, with a head and feet, and if it persists for a long time, it can cause coughing, reverse flow, and malaria." The "Spiritual Pivot: Chapter on Pathogenic Factors and Organ Diseases" notes: "When the liver pulse is weak and rapid, it indicates fatty qi, which manifests in the hypochondrium like an overturned cup." "Hidden beam occurs below the heart, moving up and down, sometimes accompanied by hemoptysis." The "Various Causes and Symptoms of Accumulation Diseases" records: "Upon examination, liver accumulation is found, with a taut and fine pulse, pain in both hypochondria, and pathogenic factors spreading to the lower abdomen." The "Plain Questions: Chapter on Abdominal Disorders" says: "If someone experiences fullness in the heart and abdomen, unable to eat in the morning but able to eat in the evening, what disease could this be? Qibo replied: 'This is called abdominal distension.'" The "Legal Principles of Medical Practice" states: "Any condition involving masses or accumulations is the root of abdominal distension. Over time, the abdomen grows as large as a basket or jar, which is referred to as single abdominal distension."