New Advances in Antibacterial Drugs, December 26, 1993

New Advances in Antibacterial Drugs, December 26, 1993

Antibacterial drugs against Gram-positive bacteria: In addition to the traditionally used penicillin, methicillin, macrolides, and spiramycin, the latest drugs include vancomycin and norvancomycin. These drugs have strong antibacterial effects against various Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, as well as against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, and difficult-to-identify anaerobic bacteria. Norvancomycin is administered intravenously at 0.8 g per adult, twice daily. Another antibiotic is teicoplanin, administered intravenously at 0.4 g per adult daily. Among antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, recently introduced drugs include temocillin and apocillin in the penicillin class; in the cephalosporin class, there’s cefoperazone (Pioneer II), as well as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefazolin sodium (Pioneer V) as second-generation products. In recent years, due to increasing bacterial resistance, the clinical application of antibiotics has been forced to change annually. Among drug-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is the most prominent, and among them, there is a special strain known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which exhibits stubborn resistance and often causes persistent high fever and sepsis in clinical settings. The aforementioned vancomycin and cefoperazone sodium (Pioneer II) both have obvious therapeutic effects against this type of bacterium.