Hypokalemia on August 28, 1995

Hypokalemia on August 28, 1995

①Insufficient intake: fasting, picky eating, or inadequate potassium supplementation during fluid replacement. ②Excessive potassium loss: vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, corticosteroid preparations, peritoneal dialysis, thoracic and abdominal fluid drainage, gastrointestinal drainage. ③Abnormal distribution: dilution of extracellular fluid, insulin administration. ④Simultaneous potassium and magnesium deficiency.

Symptoms of hypokalemia include five major manifestations: ①loss of appetite, fatigue, abdominal distension, mental dullness, and limb weakness. ②lowered blood pressure, muffled heart sounds, and weak pulse. ③decreased bowel sounds and paralytic ileus. ④loss of sensation in the limbs, numbness, and disappearance of tendon reflexes. ⑤cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure, with ECG showing flattened or inverted T waves, prolonged QT interval, depressed ST segment, and prolonged PR interval.