I. Treatment of Hypertension

1. Qi Ju Di Huang Tang: Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Shan Yao, Dan Pi, Fu Ling, Ze Xie, Gou Qi Zi, Chrysanthemum. Brew the herbs in water and take one dose per day. This formula originates from “Yi Ji,” which combines Six Flavor Rehmannia Pill with Chrysanthemum and Goji Berries; it is suitable for mild hypertension, but for unstable hypertension, the blood pressure typically ranges from (18.7–20) / (11.3–12.7) kPa [ (140–150) / (85–95) mmHg]. Patients often experience headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, lower back pain, leg weakness, tinnitus, and other symptoms; their pulses are deep and tense, with slightly weak foot pulses. At this stage, hypertension is characterized by initial kidney qi damage and initial liver yang excess. Long-term use of this formula has shown that hypertension can fully recover—patients only need to take the herbal formula for several dozen doses, followed by long-term use of the pill, without any toxic side effects. Modern experimental research suggests that Qi Ju Di Huang Tang also has effects in lowering fat levels, reducing blood sugar, and preventing arterial sclerosis; its protective effects on target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys are particularly evident. This formula has recently gained widespread attention as a health supplement for the elderly.

I often combine this formula with Kuan Xin Hao II (Chi Shu, Chuan Xiong, Hong Hua, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen); when dizziness worsens, I often add Tian Ma and Gou Ding.

2. Xia Ku Cao Compound: Hong Hua, Di Long, Xia Ku Cao, Hai Zao, Sang Ji Sheng, Huang Qin, Gou Teng, Ma Dou Ling. Brew the herbs in water and take one dose per day. This formula is based on my personal experience; it is suitable for blood pressure ranging from (18.7–24) / (12–14.7) kPa [ (140–180) / (90–110) mmHg], accompanied by noticeable headaches, dizziness, and intermittent mild numbness in the hands and feet. The magic of this formula lies in its main ingredients—Di Long, Xia Ku Cao, and Gou Teng, which are primarily used to lower blood pressure; Hong Hua and Hai Zao promote blood circulation and soften the tissues, Huang Qin clears heat, and Ma Dou Ling promotes diuresis, all working together to lower blood pressure. Clinical observations have shown that this formula has a significant fat-lowering effect, addressing both the symptoms and underlying causes of hypertension, with particularly long-term benefits. After taking this formula for more than 30 doses, I have never experienced a recurrence of hypertension.

3. Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang: Huai Ni Xu, Sheng Long Mu, Sheng Bai Shao, Gui Ban, Sheng Zuo Shi, Yuan Shen, Tian Dong, Chuan Lian Zi, Sheng Mai Ya, Yin Chen, Gan Cao. Brew the herbs in water and take one dose per day. This formula is derived from “Zhong Zhong Can Xi Lu,” and is suitable for blood pressure ranging from (21.3–29.3) / (13.3–17.3) kPa [ (160–220) / (100–130) mmHg], especially when patients experience severe headaches, dizziness, or numbness in the limbs or half of the body. The magic of this formula lies in its high dosage of Huai Ni Xu—Zhang Xichun believed that this herb is the primary agent for guiding blood downward, treating cerebral congestion caused by hypertension. Additionally, large doses of gold and stone materials were used to stabilize the formula. Based on my experience, this formula has shown certain efficacy in treating severe hypertension accompanied by cerebral vascular spasms, cerebral infarction, and cerebral atrophy. When I added substances like Water Plant and Han San Qi to this formula, the therapeutic effect was even better!

II. Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage refers to ruptured blood vessels in the brain, with the underlying pathology being arterial sclerosis. Arterial sclerosis makes blood vessels brittle and prone to rupture; when blood pressure rises sharply, the force of blood increases dramatically, making cerebral hemorrhage more likely. Sudden increases in blood pressure can result from intense emotional stress or excitement. In summary, cerebral hemorrhage is a common complication of hypertension and arterial sclerosis; TCM refers to it as “Cerebral Apoplexy,” also known as “Internal Apoplexy,” because this type of apoplexy differs fundamentally from external apoplexy—while the latter is considered external apoplexy, the former is referred to as internal apoplexy. When treating cerebral apoplexy, I often use the following formulas:

1. Buyang Huanwu Tang: Contains Astragalus, Dang Gui, Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Taoren, and Dileong. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. This formula was first introduced in "Yilin Gai Cuo," and is suitable for patients with early-stage cerebral hemorrhage, characterized by altered consciousness, coma, facial and oral asymmetry, hemiplegia, unsteady gait, and slurred speech. In this formula, Astragalus should be used in large doses; if blood pressure is not elevated, the dosage can range from 30 to 100 grams, and the dosage of Dileong should also be between 20 and 30 grams. According to my experience, this formula is most effective when used at the onset of cerebral hemorrhage, when the patient's consciousness is still clear and blood pressure has only slightly decreased. You may add 3 grams of Danshen (divided into multiple doses), Danpi Charcoal, Chenzong Charcoal, Daji Charcoal, Bohe Charcoal, and Xueyu Charcoal to the formula—these charcoals are black in color, and it’s best to stop using them once the blood turns black. If the cerebral hemorrhage has lasted for more than one week and no new bleeding tendencies have been observed, you can add 3 grams of Danshen (divided into multiple doses) and 10 grams of Shui Zhi (divided into multiple doses) to the original formula to help resolve blood stasis and eliminate blood congestion. Patients with unclear consciousness can be treated via nasogastric feeding.

2. Xuefu Zhu Yu Tang: Includes Dang Gui, Chuanxiong, Chishao, Shengdi, Chaihu, Zhike, Jiegeng, Gancao, Huai Niu Xi, Taoren, and Honghua. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. This formula was first introduced in "Yilin Gai Cuo" and is suitable for patients with sequelae after cerebral hemorrhage, including headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, facial and oral asymmetry, and hemiplegia. My experience shows that this formula is particularly effective for chronic cerebral hemorrhage or headaches following cerebral hemorrhage. It also demonstrates significant efficacy in treating headaches caused by cerebral infarction. Adding 3 grams of Danshen (divided into multiple doses) and 10 grams of Shui Zhi (divided into multiple doses) to the formula enhances its ability to resolve blood stasis; if the headache is severe, you can add Bai Zhi, Xi Xin, Qiang Huo, Du Huo, and Fang Feng. For patients with hemiplegia, add Dileong, Jiang Chong, Quan Xie, and Wugong. For patients experiencing numbness in their hands and feet, add Sang Zhi, Xiu Yi Cao, and Wei Ling Xian.

3. Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang: Includes Huai Niu Xi, Sheng Longmu, Sheng Ozu Shi, Sheng Gui Ban, Sheng Bai Shao, Yuan Shen, Tian Dong, Chuan Lian Zi, Sheng Mai Ya, Yin Chen, and Gancao. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. This formula plays a crucial role in lowering blood pressure and can be used for patients with cerebral hemorrhage who continue to experience high blood pressure despite medication, as well as for those suffering from headaches and dizziness. My experience indicates that this formula also has a notable hemostatic effect; it is believed that the hemostatic effect may be an indirect benefit of the blood pressure-lowering effect. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), Mr. Wang, who suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and persistent hypertension, developed altered consciousness and hemiplegia. Due to financial difficulties, he could not afford hospitalization for emergency observation. At the request of his family, I prescribed Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang in the outpatient clinic. The next day, his family reported that Mr. Wang’s consciousness had cleared, and his movement in his hemiplegia had improved compared to before. After taking the above formula for 10 doses, Mr. Wang was able to walk on his own. A CT scan later confirmed that he had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage. Subsequently, Mr. Wang took the 10 doses of Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang, ground them into powder, sifted them, and took them three times a day, 6 grams each time, diluted with warm water. Two months later, his blood pressure remained stable, his hemiplegia had only mild effects, he was able to carry out daily activities, and he was even able to participate in agricultural work.

4. Dihuang Yin Zi: Includes Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Fu Ling, Rou Gui, Fu Pi, Mai Dong, Wu Wei Zi, Shi Hu, Da Yun, Yuan Zhi, Ba Ji Tian, Chang Pu, Bo He, Zhi Xing, Sheng Zao. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. This formula was originally developed by He Jian to treat phlegm-dampness rising to the head, causing dysphonia, paralysis of the limbs, dizziness, and facial and oral asymmetry. In recent years, many reports have indicated that this formula can be used to treat hypertension accompanied by cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile dementia, retinal artery disease, and central retinitis. My experience shows that this formula is highly effective in treating sequelae after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage; it also demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating cerebral infarction. When using this formula, it is advisable to take it over a long period and proceed slowly—do not rush the treatment process. In my experience, adding herbs like Chishao, Chuanxiong, Danshen, Honghua, Sanqi, and Shui Zhi to the formula can enhance its therapeutic effects. The use of Sanqi and Shui Zhi should be done by steeping them in hot water rather than boiling them in very hot water, as excessive heat can significantly reduce their effectiveness in promoting blood circulation.

5. Er Xian Tang: Includes Xian Mao, Yin Yang Huo, Ba Ji Tian, Zhi Mu, Huang Bai, Dang Gui. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. This formula was developed at Shanghai Shuguang Hospital and emerged in the 1950s as a renowned remedy specifically for treating hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, with particularly good results in cases of hypertensive cerebral arteriosclerosis. My experience shows that this formula is especially well-suited for treating sequelae after cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage—it is considered the preferred choice. In this formula, it is still necessary to appropriately add herbs like Sanqi and Shui Zhi to promote blood circulation and resolve blood stasis. For patients experiencing tinnitus, ear ringing, or impaired thinking, taking pills or powders derived from this formula often yields consistent results after six months or more. However, since long-term use can sometimes harm the spleen and stomach, it is advisable to add herbs like Mu Xiang and Cao Kou to the formula to tonify qi and strengthen the spleen.

III. Cerebellar Hemorrhage in Cerebral Hemorrhage

In special cases, it is important to approach the condition with a unique perspective and treatment approach. The cerebellum is located on the lateral side of the brainstem and medulla oblongata, bordering the brainstem below, accounting for approximately 1/10 of the brain’s total weight. Its blood supply originates from branches of the vertebral basilar artery; therefore, arteriosclerosis of the vertebral basilar artery is the primary cause of cerebellar hemorrhage. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in maintaining human balance and coordination; when hemorrhage or infarction occurs, patients may experience imbalance in coordination, along with symptoms such as dizziness, instability while standing, tinnitus, headache, and vomiting. The cerebellum is adjacent to the fourth ventricle, and cerebellar hemorrhages can often spill into the fourth ventricle, obstructing the flow of the cerebral aqueduct and leading to increased intracranial pressure. This, in turn, can trigger meningeal irritation, resulting in severe headaches and projectile vomiting. Some patients may also exhibit symptoms related to the brainstem, such as slurred speech, nystagmus, persistent wheezing, decreased muscle tone, and dullness in overall sensation. Treatment for this condition should include modifications to formulas such as Xuefu Zhu Yu Tang, Er Xian Tang, Chuanxiong Tiao Cha San, Xuan Fu Dai He Tang, Wuling San, and Han San He Ji. These formulas may be classic or well-known prescriptions, all of which share a common origin—but Han San He Ji is a formula based on my personal experience. This formula consists of Pinellia, Uncaria, Plantago, Forsythia, raw Ochre, Houpu, Poria, Alisma, and Atractylodes. Take the decoction once daily by boiling in water. Originally, I developed this formula for patients with ear-related dizziness; however, after observing patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis whose cerebellar blood supply became compromised—whether due to infarction or hemorrhage—their primary symptom was dizziness. Thus, I began using this formula to address the hardening and bleeding of the vertebral basilar artery. In conclusion, among the various formulas mentioned above, it is essential to select the appropriate one based on the patient’s condition and to adjust the formulation flexibly. Sometimes, it is still necessary to add stronger blood-removing herbs such as Shui Zhi and Sanqi.

Hypertension serves as a fundamental factor in cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral arteriosclerosis always plays a role in the process. From yin deficiency and yang excess to yang excess giving rise to wind, this is precisely the pathological process underlying hypertension and arteriosclerosis in Western medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that “to treat wind, first activate blood; when blood is active, wind naturally dissipates,” which truly captures the root cause of this condition. From Xuefu Zhu Yu Tang and Buyang Huanwu Tang to Guan Xin II, Fufang Dan Shen Wan, Dan Shen Dripping Pills, Tong Mai Ling, these formulas consistently focus on activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. My experience shows that most patients with hypertension can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine alone—taking herbal decoctions first to alleviate symptoms and lower blood pressure, followed by long-term use of pills or powders. This approach not only prevents blood pressure from rebounding but also plays a vital role in slowing down and preventing complications such as arterial sclerosis of the heart, brain, and kidneys. Moreover, it can also contribute positively to controlling blood lipids, blood viscosity, and uric acid levels.

The strength of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cerebral hemorrhage also lies in its ability to address sequelae. The aforementioned formulas—Buyang Huanwu, Xuefu Zhu Yu, Zhen Gan Xi Feng, Dihuang Yin Zi, Er Xian Tang—can all be used to treat sequelae. My experience shows that for patients with massive hemorrhages, who experience sleepiness, snoring, changes in pupil size, or a rapid increase in intracranial pressure, it is essential to seek emergency medical treatment in a Western medical setting. In cases where immediate intervention is required, such as performing a craniotomy and inserting a tube for decompression, do not miss the opportunity to save the patient’s life—delaying treatment can lead to serious complications. For patients with small or moderate hemorrhages during the acute phase, Western medical interventions remain crucial, but combining them with traditional Chinese medicine can yield even better results. Once the hemorrhage has stopped, patients who still suffer from hemiplegia, speech disorders, or facial and oral asymmetry often require treatment beyond traditional Chinese medicine alone; current Western treatments such as anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and laser therapy are not ideal for such cases. Although traditional Chinese medicine works gradually, adhering to treatment plans allows most patients to experience varying degrees of improvement.

Whether dealing with hypertension or sequelae after cerebral hemorrhage, given that long-term use of traditional Chinese medicine can sometimes damage the stomach’s qi, it is essential to add a small amount of stomach-friendly herbs to the formula, such as Sandren, Mu Xiang, or Cao Kou.

Discussion on Liver Disease Treatment

Liver diseases encompass hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic echinococcosis, liver mass lesions, and secondary liver diseases. In recent years, with the widespread prevalence of hepatitis B, people have placed great emphasis on hepatitis B and the resulting conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Countries around the world have invested substantial resources in research on these diseases, and reports on hepatitis and related conditions have emerged rapidly, leaving readers overwhelmed. With so many cases of liver disease occurring, hepatitis B alone affects over 100 million people domestically. In addition to hepatitis B, there are also hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E, and hepatitis G—all infectious liver diseases. Given that all infectious liver diseases carry the risk of progressing to cirrhosis and liver cancer, the incidence of these diseases in China has been steadily increasing in recent years. Hepatic echinococcosis is rare in just a few provinces in northwestern China; secondary liver diseases such as lupus liver, cardiac liver, hematological liver, and immune liver are often complications arising from other diseases, occurring sporadically with little variation in incidence across different regions. Now, let me share my experiences and insights regarding the incidence, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches for hepatitis B, cirrhosis, and liver cancer—though these are merely personal observations, I take full responsibility for the content presented here.

In 1963, American scholars Bloomberg and others discovered the “Australian antigen.” In 1968, Japanese scholars Okoe-Ki and others confirmed the relationship between this antigen and liver disease. Subsequent experimental studies by numerous researchers repeatedly demonstrated that the Australian antigen is a key factor in triggering liver disease. This type of liver disease caused by the Australian antigen was officially named hepatitis B at the International Conference on Liver Diseases in 1970. The Australian antigen was then designated as “Hepatitis B Related Antigen” (HAA). At that time, hepatitis B was widely prevalent worldwide, particularly in Asian regions such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, mainland China, Vietnam, and Myanmar, where the incidence of hepatitis B rose rapidly. In some areas, the hepatitis B infection rate reached as high as about 20% of the population. During that period, China was in the midst of the Cultural Revolution, where scientific research stagnated and publications were discontinued, and hepatitis B was rampant throughout the country. As early as before the Cultural Revolution, the Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases had already published reports on clinical research related to hepatitis B—but this work was forced to halt during the Cultural Revolution, and observational and research efforts on hepatitis B across the country were also brought to a standstill at the embryonic stage.

After the Cultural Revolution, starting in the 1970s, research on hepatitis B quickly resumed in China. Through comprehensive surveys and analyses conducted across the country, the incidence of hepatitis B in China was found to range from 8% to 15%. This staggering figure was enough to spark widespread public concern. Beginning in 1984, I led the establishment of the “Clinical Research Group on Hepatitis B” at the Gansu Provincial Institute of New Medical Sciences, where we undertook a key national research project focused on hepatitis B during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period. After nearly 10 years of clinical observation and experimentation, through the examination of over 60,000 hepatitis B patients, I came to the following conclusions:

I. The Infectious Nature of Hepatitis B

Traditionally, people believed that hepatitis B was an infectious disease with a high degree of transmissibility—especially for patients with positive E antigens (commonly known as “big three positives”), whose HBV-DNA levels often exceeded 10³. Another view held that the higher the level of HBsAg, the greater the likelihood of transmission. However, through more than 20 years of clinical observation, I found that patients without E antigens were rarely contagious and could marry and have children normally; over 90% of their children were healthy and free of the disease. Patients with positive E antigens were indeed contagious, though not as “highly contagious” as commonly perceived. I discovered the following patterns:

1. In families where the mother was infected, many of the children were affected; however, in families where the father was infected, none of the children were affected, or only one child was infected.
2. Among family members, if several individuals were infected—regardless of whether they were big three positives or small three positives—there was always at least one person who ate and lived with them and remained unaffected for their entire lives.
3. In families where only one person was infected, while the rest of the family remained healthy, treatment was relatively smooth, and most cases were successfully cured with complete negative test results after medication.

These patterns were based on my long-term clinical experience and were not based on large-scale statistical data; they serve only as a reference for readers. Literature suggests that there are horizontal infections, vertical infections, blood-to-fetal infections, and perinatal infections. Horizontal infections occur through social contact, and these infections often heal on their own or are easier to treat, with the virus being relatively easy to eliminate. Vertical infections, on the other hand, refer to infections transmitted from mother to fetus; these infections are closely linked to blood-to-fetal and perinatal transmission, but more importantly, they are influenced by the expression of genetic factors inherited from both parents—and thus, these infections are often more difficult to treat, with the virus remaining hard to eradicate. In the past, it was believed that fetuses born to parents with positive E antigens were more likely to develop hepatitis B; however, this view should now be abandoned entirely. In recent years, implementing preventive treatment to block hepatitis B transmission in pregnant women—where one or both parents were hepatitis B patients—has resulted in 98.5% of fetuses remaining healthy. The prevention treatment involves:

1. Administering high-titer hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections of 200–400 units to pregnant women at 28, 32, and 36 weeks.
2. Administering high-titer immunoglobulin injections of 200 units to the fetus at 24 hours and again at 15 days after birth.
3. Administering one dose of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months after the baby’s birth.

Through these three preventive measures, the health rate of fetuses can reach ideal levels, greatly alleviating the anxiety of hepatitis B families. As early as the late 20th century, China began widely implementing preventive vaccinations for perinatal fetuses, and it has proven that the incidence of hepatitis B in children in China has decreased significantly compared to previous years.

In summary, the infectious nature of hepatitis B should be understood as follows: hepatitis B is contagious, but only a small number of people infected with the hepatitis B virus ultimately develop the disease. Most people in the population have the capacity to clear the hepatitis B virus; why does the population’s response to the hepatitis B virus vary so greatly? This is a matter of genetic factors. Therefore, the onset of hepatitis B involves both internal and external factors—just like philosophical principles, internal factors are the foundation, while external factors are the conditions. The former are the primary factors, while the latter are secondary. Based on this reasoning, the spread of hepatitis B in the population is not simply determined by its high infectivity; some foreign scholars have even proposed that this disease should be classified as an autoimmune disorder rather than continuing to be regarded as an infectious disease. Of course, this is just one viewpoint, and it is not yet sufficient to form a definitive conclusion.

II. Clinical Manifestations and Complications of Hepatitis B

I will share my personal experiences, though some perspectives may differ from current textbooks. Hepatitis B is generally categorized into:

1. Chronic, lingering type
2. Chronic, active type
3. Acute type

My experience shows that: ① the chronic type often presents without obvious symptoms, with normal liver function; laboratory tests may reveal either “big three positives” or “small three positives.” ② The chronic type often manifests as discomfort in the liver area, irritability, bitter taste in the mouth, and abnormal liver function—most importantly, there is an imbalance in the ratio of albumin to globulin, with globulin levels exceeding normal limits, and the spleen and liver may be slightly enlarged. ③ The acute type is a sudden onset or a primary episode of hepatitis B, characterized by significant liver damage, primarily manifested by elevated ALT and AST levels; viral testing often reveals “big three positives” (E antigen positive), with a small number of cases presenting with jaundice. Some patients experience more pronounced symptoms, such as discomfort in the liver area, fever, loss of appetite, and abdominal distension.

Among these three types, the chronic type is the mildest, with the best prognosis; with proper treatment, patients can quickly transition to “small three positives.” However, once patients become “small three positives,” some may develop chronic carriage, persisting for extended periods without any noticeable changes. The chronic active type is more severe than the chronic type; in addition to more obvious symptoms and significant liver damage, the main difference between the two lies in the altered ratio of serum albumin and the mild enlargement of the spleen. Pathological changes in the liver tissue of patients with this type are often difficult to distinguish from early-stage cirrhosis, as the two conditions overlap; clinical symptoms can also be challenging to differentiate. Sometimes, patients with chronic active type are diagnosed with early-stage cirrhosis, which is not entirely incorrect. Treatment is critical—with appropriate long-term therapy, most patients experience complete resolution of symptoms, normal test results, and reduced spleen size. Ultrasound imaging is often helpful in distinguishing between chronic active and chronic type; the former typically has a smaller portal vein diameter (<12 mm), while the latter has a larger portal vein diameter (>12 mm, <14 mm). The spleen thickness in the former is usually less than 40 mm, whereas in the latter, the spleen thickness often exceeds 40 mm.

The clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis B are often insidious; a small portion of patients experience symptomatic episodes, but these are usually transient, with mild symptoms. Patients may unknowingly recover from the disease, with normal liver function, HBsAg turning negative, and HBeAb positive; some patients even maintain HBcAb positivity for several years. Acute hepatitis B that develops from chronic active or chronic type can be alleviated with active treatment, and liver function can return to normal—but laboratory tests often fail to fully recover. Recurrent acute episodes of chronic active type can progress to chronic active type; recurrent acute episodes of chronic type can eventually lead to cirrhosis. Therefore, timely treatment of acute hepatitis B is crucial.

The primary complications of hepatitis B are cirrhosis and liver cancer. Through rough follow-up and statistics of over 60,000 outpatient cases of hepatitis B, approximately 10% of patients develop cirrhosis—a figure broadly consistent with domestic and international data ranging from 3% to 13%. As previously mentioned, chronic hepatitis B often relapses; if treatment is delayed, the condition may persist for a long time, eventually leading to cirrhosis. Patients with hepatitis B should practice self-regulation and enjoy a happy, peaceful life, approaching treatment with composure. Excessive stress and low mood can actually hinder treatment and accelerate disease recurrence; such patients are more prone to developing cirrhosis. Diet and lifestyle habits are also important factors influencing the progression of hepatitis B—especially avoiding alcohol consumption and eating foods containing alcohol, such as fermented rice wine or sweet fermented beverages. It is advisable to eat light, low-fat meals and maintain a regular schedule, balancing work and rest, and getting adequate rest is a prerequisite for treating liver disease.

In the late stages of cirrhosis, patients often present with splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices, and hardened liver tissue, with a shift in the ratio of albumin to globulin in liver function. Diagnosis is often straightforward through physical examinations and laboratory tests. The distinction between early-stage cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis has already been discussed earlier; additionally, it is worth noting that recent clinical studies have focused on four indicators of liver fibrosis—mucin, hyaluronic acid, collagen III, and collagen IV. Changes in these four indicators can indicate the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the liver, providing a rough estimate and assessment of the progression of cirrhosis. However, due to significant individual differences in the body’s response, some patients with cirrhosis show normal results in these tests, while others who have not yet reached the stage of cirrhosis show abnormal findings. Therefore, I believe these tests should be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but not as the sole basis for diagnosis—or as a major criterion for determining treatment decisions.

Liver cancer is another major complication of hepatitis B. According to domestic and international data, the incidence of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis B is 10 times higher than that of the general population; consequently, some have suggested that hepatitis B is a key factor in the development of liver cancer. Recent domestic reports indicate that approximately 0.8%–1.2% of hepatitis B patients develop liver cancer. This figure aligns with my experience over the years. Why does hepatitis B lead to liver cancer? While the exact cause remains unclear, most studies suggest that it may be related to changes in the immune system of hepatitis B patients. Liver cancer associated with hepatitis B is considered primary liver cancer; the earliest sign of this condition is a sustained increase in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). AFP levels may also rise slightly in cases of cirrhosis, but the values are usually below 40. If AFP levels remain high (>40), it is advisable to consider liver cancer and perform further examinations. A CT scan is generally the most valuable diagnostic tool; if necessary, enhanced CT scans can aid in confirmation. At grassroots hospitals below the county level, ultrasound examinations can also provide accurate diagnoses at relatively low costs.

Liver cancer typically develops on the basis of cirrhosis, but some patients may develop liver cancer directly from chronic active hepatitis B. Once liver cancer appears, patients often first experience pain in the liver area or worsening liver pain; some patients develop jaundice. If ascites in cirrhosis initially responded quickly to diuretics like furosemide, but later suddenly failed to resolve, it is important to consider whether liver cancer has developed concurrently. Of course, infections, hypoproteinemia, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney dysfunction can all contribute to the persistence of ascites—but liver cancer is one of the many factors contributing to the difficulty in resolving ascites. It is essential to pay close attention to this issue, otherwise misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment may occur.

III. Treatment of Hepatitis B

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Input: The current standard treatment for hepatitis B in Western medicine primarily involves alpha-interferon and lamivudine. Over the past decade and more, clinical trials both domestically and internationally have shown that both drugs have a cure rate of 10%–20%, though they are typically taken for a longer duration and are relatively expensive. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains an important therapeutic approach for hepatitis B. Twenty years ago, I led the establishment of the “Hepatitis B Clinical Research Group” at the Gansu Provincial Institute of Medical Sciences. Over the years, we observed 60,000 hepatitis B patients and developed a clinical classification system for hepatitis B patients, as well as formulated rational traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Seven papers, including “Epidemiological Study on 2021 Hepatitis B Patients in Gansu Province,” “Clinical Comparative Report on 135 Cases of Chronic Hepatitis B,” “Clinical Observation Report on 100 Cases of Hepatitis B,” and “Clinical Study on 176 Cases of Liver Cirrhosis with Ascites,” were published in domestic and international medical journals. We also developed specialized formulations for hepatitis B, such as “Hepatitis B No. 1,” “Hepatitis B No. 2,” and “Hepatitis B Kang,” accumulating extensive clinical experience. The following are some of my experiences:

1. Initial Stage of Qi and Yin Deficiency: These patients are newly infected with the hepatitis B virus, exhibiting positive HBsAg, HBcAg, and either positive or negative HBeAg—ranging from “big three positives” to “small three positives.” However, their liver function is normal, with no significant clinical symptoms. Some patients may only experience mild fatigue or dry mouth, along with a red tongue; thus, this stage is referred to as “initial Qi and Yin deficiency.” If not tested using the two-and-a-half test, it’s impossible to determine whether these patients are infectious. Typically, these patients fall under the modern medical classification of “healthy carriers” or “chronic liver disease.” In fact, approximately two-thirds of all hepatitis B patients belong to this category, making them the primary source of hepatitis B transmission. The prognosis is generally favorable, though some patients may progress to other types of hepatitis B. A commonly used TCM formula is Sheng Shan Tang with additions: Sheng Ma 3g, Shan Yao 10g, Hong Hua 3g, Bai Shao 15g, Hu Zhang 15g, Wu Mei 4 pieces, Bai Zhu 10g, Chan Yi 6g, Ye Hua Cao 15g, Gu Zi 10g, Nu Zhen Zi 10g, Tu Si Zi 10g, Gan Cao 6g, Gua Lou 10g, Ge Gen 20g—all decocted in water and taken once daily.

2. Pathogenic Factors in the Shaoyang Region: The symptoms in this type of patient are becoming more pronounced; the two-and-a-half test may show “big three positives,” or “small three positives,” with varying degrees of liver damage. Transaminases may be elevated, and jaundice may also appear to varying degrees. Patients often experience bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, pain in the liver region or both flanks, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, fatigue, a red tongue with a thin, greasy, sometimes yellow coating, a wiry, rapid pulse; some patients may exhibit mild jaundice, or even mild splenomegaly. This type of patient is often classified as chronic liver disease or acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease in Western medicine, though some cases also fall under the category of “chronic liver disease.” A common formula used is Xiao Chai Hu Tang with additions: Chai Hu 10g, Huang Qin 10g, Ban Xia 10g, Dang Shen 10g, Gan Cao 6g, Sheng Jiang 6g, Da Zao 4 pieces, Dan Shen 20g, Mu Xiang 3g, Cao Kou 3g, Da Huang 3g, Huang Lian 3g, Huang Qi 20g, Dang Gui 10g, Bai Shao 10g, Qin Tiao 10g, Ban Lan Gen 10g, Bai Hua She Tiao 10g, Ban Zhi Lian 10g—decocted in water and taken once daily.

3. Qi and Blood Stasis: This type of patient is more severe; the “big three positives” or “small three positives” in the two-and-a-half test are no longer sufficient to determine the severity of the disease. The key factor lies in the fact that organic changes in the liver and spleen are already quite evident—this patient is suffering from chronic liver disease or early-stage liver cirrhosis in Western medicine. The spleen becomes enlarged, the portal vein begins to widen, and in addition to noticeable changes in serum bilirubin and transaminases, the ratio of albumin to globulin starts to become imbalanced, with a relative decrease in albumin and a relative increase in globulin. Patients often experience bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, irritability, heatiness, alternating chills and fever, pain in the liver region and chest/flank areas, abdominal distension, and in some cases, a small amount of ascites. A compound formula combining Chai Hu Shu Gan San with additions is used: Chai Hu 10g, Zhi Shi 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Gan Cao 6g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Xiang Fu 6g, Dan Shen 30g, Mu Xiang 3g, Cao Kou 3g, Huang Qi 30g, Dang Gui 10g, Qin Tiao 10g, Ban Lan Gen 10g, Ze Xie 10g, Huang Jing 20g, Yu Jin 6g, Yuan Hu 10g, Chuan Lian Zi 20g, Zhi Lu Mo 6g—decocted in water and taken once daily.

4. Yang Deficiency and Water Retention: These patients have entered the late stages of liver cirrhosis, with impaired liver function and portal hypertension. The body has lost its ability to compensate for liver dysfunction, leading to massive ascites and generalized edema. In addition to the above-mentioned splenomegaly and ascites, patients may also develop esophageal variceal rupture bleeding and bone marrow hematopoietic disorders (a reduction in the three-lineage cells in peripheral blood). Given portal hypertension, the mesenteric vessels within the abdominal cavity become dilated, and the submucosal vessels of the digestive tract may appear congested and dilated. These patients often experience abdominal distension and loss of appetite; some may even experience intestinal rumbling and diarrhea, while others may experience acid reflux and vomiting, as well as stomach pain. The principle of “When you see liver disease, know that liver disease can spread to the spleen,” as described in the Golden Chamber Classic, accurately reflects the pathogenesis of this condition. After more than 40 years of clinical experience, I’ve come to understand that when treating liver cirrhosis (compensatory failure), the fundamental principle in TCM is to strengthen the spleen and harmonize the stomach—after all, “when you see liver disease, know that liver disease can spread to the spleen.” My preferred formula is Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang with additions, which includes Huang Lian, Huang Qin, Gan Jiang, Zhi Shi, and Bai Shao; in fact, this formula is essentially a combination of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang and Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang. As the Golden Chamber Classic states, “If there is vomiting and intestinal rumbling, and a feeling of fullness in the heart, then Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang is the appropriate remedy.” This indicates that Zhong Jing’s application of Xie Xin Tang focused on vomiting, rumbling, and fullness in the stomach—these symptoms are precisely what are treated in modern liver cirrhosis. Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang was originally designed by the Bureau of Formulas to treat abdominal distension and cold pain in the stomach, and it was often used to treat chronic gastritis and ulcers in the stomach. Over the years, I’ve used these two formulas to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated with liver cirrhosis—not only to alleviate symptoms but also to address the root cause. Many patients who took these formulas long-term experienced restored liver function, reduced spleen size, and no further ascites, returning to a state of health comparable to that of healthy individuals. The treatment of ascites cannot be accomplished solely through the above formulas; I’ve also developed “Gu Sheng No. 2,” a powerful remedy for reducing ascites. Its main ingredients are derived from the combination of “Niu Shi Fuan Shi” as described in the Golden Chamber Classic, plus other herbs—produced by the Lanzhou Chinese Medicine Factory and widely used across several provinces in Qilu. Known for its remarkable diuretic effects, this remedy became famous throughout the region. Additionally, for the treatment of this condition, it’s beneficial to protect the liver and promote fibrosis; I’ve developed “Hepatitis B No. 2” and “Hepatitis B Kang,” both of which possess these properties. Hepatitis B No. 2 is available as granules, while Hepatitis B Kang is available as honey pills. The former uses the strong liver-supporting formula from the Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with added ingredients; the latter is based on the “Bie Jia Jian Wan” formula from the Golden Chamber Classic. Regular use of these two remedies not only improves liver function but also helps reverse the progression of liver cirrhosis—typically after one year of treatment, the liver softens, the spleen shrinks, and liver fibrosis indicators improve accordingly.

Among the complications of liver cirrhosis, the most serious and common is upper gastrointestinal bleeding, often caused by ruptured esophageal veins. When the bleeding volume exceeds 5 ml, occult blood appears; if the volume exceeds 50 ml, black stools may occur; and if the volume exceeds 500 ml, blood pressure may drop. The Western medical approach to treatment is to use hemostatic agents for minor bleeding—such as hexamethylenetetramine, Hemocrom, or Hematogen—and to administer pituitary posterior leaf 5–10 units intravenously for moderate bleeding. For massive bleeding, a three-cavity tube can be used to compress the bleeding site, or pituitary hormones can be administered intravenously. However, some patients still do not respond effectively, so surgical ligation of blood vessels may be necessary. Recently, endoscopic hemostasis has also been adopted as an effective method. Traditional Chinese Medicine’s methods of hemostasis follow Tang Rongchuan’s theory of “Chong Qi,” which posits that Chong Qi originates in the uterine cavity and extends upward to Yangming. When Chong Qi rises upward, the blood in Yangming may break through the vessels, as Yangming is rich in both qi and blood and connected to the uterine cavity via Chong Qi. Therefore, gastric bleeding can be as severe as a collapse of heaven and earth. Based on this understanding, Tang proposed using large doses of rhubarb to descend rebellious qi and calm Chong Qi—this was considered the fundamental approach for treating gastric bleeding. Tang believed that rhubarb’s ability to descend rebellious qi and calm Chong Qi was akin to “pushing walls and overturning barriers,” and when combined with Huang Lian and Huang Qin, this formula became Xie Xin Tang. Xie Xin means to clear fire, and clearing fire also means stopping bleeding—since the heart governs blood, and when blood is hot, it may flow recklessly. I often use a combination of San Huang Xie Xin Tang with cinnamon and raw ochre, which proves highly effective for small to medium-sized upper gastrointestinal bleeds. Raw ochre helps to descend rebellious qi and calm Chong Qi, while cinnamon strengthens the stomach and calms Chong Qi—both ingredients work together to calm Chong Qi and stop bleeding, complementing each other beautifully. In the past, Huang Lian, Rhubarb, and Cinnamon were collectively known as “Mi Hong Dan,” a formula used to treat bloody vomiting; this is another example of such a remedy. In addition, patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding should strictly follow dietary guidelines: fluid-based diets are recommended, and during bleeding episodes, fasting and water restriction for 24 hours are essential. When fasting and drinking water are prohibited, it’s crucial to provide fluids and blood transfusions, ensuring adequate intake of electrolytes like potassium, sodium, and calcium. Daily fluid intake should not be less than 2000 ml, ideally half sugar and half salt.

Another critical complication of liver cirrhosis is hepatic encephalopathy, also known as hepatic coma. This condition arises when liver function is severely compromised, blood ammonia levels rise, and brain tissue lacks dopamine. Patients may become unconscious, agitated, and speak incoherently, with a foul odor reminiscent of urine. This is a grim sign of liver disease nearing its end. Modern Western medicine uses arginine salts, glutamate salts, acetylglutamate amine, potassium magnesium aspartate (Pannan Jin), and Yabo’s products to help patients in a coma regain consciousness temporarily—but if treatment measures are continued, patients can turn from critical to stable. While TCM treatment of this condition is slightly inferior to Western medicine, I once used Taoren Chengqi Tang to help some patients regain consciousness. Taoren Chengqi Tang, with additions of rhubarb, magnesia, Huang Lian, Huang Qin, peach kernels, cinnamon branches, and licorice, was used to treat many cases of toxic dysentery, quickly restoring consciousness in patients who had been drowsy. Similarly, when this formula was used in conjunction with treatments for hepatic encephalopathy, we achieved equally ideal results—demonstrating the true value of ancient wisdom, such as “one treatment leads to multiple benefits,” “treat the upper when the lower is ill,” and “extract the roots to heal the whole.”

In the final stages of liver cirrhosis, most patients develop hepatorenal syndrome. This condition occurs when kidney failure develops alongside liver cirrhosis. The primary signs of kidney failure include elevated blood urea nitrogen levels (>7.1 mmol/L) and elevated serum creatinine levels (>100 mmol/L). At this point, the glomerular filtration rate is insufficient, and the excretion of protein metabolites is impaired, leading to azotemia and uremia—a condition that can be life-threatening. The emergence of hepatorenal syndrome is a hallmark of advanced liver cirrhosis and the final stages of liver disease. Western medicine can use albumin infusions to slow the progression of the disease and protect the kidneys to some extent. The use of high-dose furosemide remains to be seen; typically, 200–400 mg is infused daily. If acidosis is present (a decline in carbon dioxide binding capacity), sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate may be administered. The use of androgens like testosterone and Conlyon can help maintain nitrogen balance. Dialysis is the last resort for prolonging life; however, given that these patients suffer from damage to both the liver and kidneys, dialysis is not particularly meaningful.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and TCM have shown short-term efficacy in treating hepatorenal syndrome. Patients often experience discomfort in the epigastric region, nausea, and loss of appetite; some patients also develop edema and diarrhea. TCM believes that this condition is often due to damp-heat stagnation in the middle burner, where qi fails to ascend and turbidity fails to descend. Why does damp-heat stagnate in the middle burner? It’s often caused by liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, or by spleen-kidney yang deficiency. Strengthening the spleen and stomach, tonifying the kidneys and warming yang, and ascending qi while descending turbidity are common treatment approaches for this condition. I often use Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan combined with rhubarb to clear turbidity, using Gui Pi to ascend qi, paired with raw ochre, ginger, and banxia; additionally, I use motherwort and plantain to promote diuresis; white snake tongue grass and honeysuckle to clear heat and detoxify; San Qi and leeches to activate blood circulation and remove stasis; raw oyster powder to solidify and stop diarrhea while also absorbing intestinal nitrogenous waste. The use of these formulas often slows the progression of renal failure; some patients even experience a decrease in urea nitrogen levels and a return to normal serum creatinine levels. There was once a patient named Chen Zhengyuan, a man in his 40s who suffered from kidney failure. He sought treatment from me in 1970, when he was serving as the station manager of the Qinan Bus Station in Gansu Province. He had suffered from chronic liver disease for many years, and recently developed severe edema and a small amount of ascites. Urine tests showed ++ protein and +++ occult blood, with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) levels of 86 μg/L—more than double the normal threshold at the time, indicating liver cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome. I prescribed him the following formula: 12 g of Sheng Di, 10 g of Shan Yu, 10 g of Shan Yao, 6 g of Dan Pi, 10 g of Gui Zhi, 6 g of Gui Pi, 6 g of Gu Zi, 12 g of Fu Ling, 10 g of Ze Xie, 6 g of Da Huang, 15 g of Yin Hua, 15 g of Bai Hua She Tiao, 15 g of Yi Mu Cao, 15 g of Che Qian Zi, 15 g of Sheng Ou Li, 3 g of Leech Powder—decocted in water and taken once daily. Later, I joined the provincial Western and Chinese medicine classes at the Gansu Provincial Medical Academy. In September 1982, an elderly man brought a box of pears to Lanzhou. Upon entering his home, he expressed his gratitude, and upon closer inspection, he turned out to be Chen Zhengyuan. He had carefully pulled a prescription from his pocket—due to long-term use, the prescription had been laminated onto cardboard, its handwriting blurred and barely legible. He said he had taken over 600 doses of this formula, and now his illness had healed. Two years later, he returned to work. He told me that after taking the medication, his urine output increased, his spirits improved, and because it worked so well, he continued taking the medicine. He felt better with each dose, and after three years of consistent use, he noticed that his NPN levels had begun to normalize, his appetite had increased, and his physical and mental energy had returned to normal. The patient then made the prescription into a powder, taking 6 g three times a day, mixed with warm boiled water. The recovery of this patient was truly accidental—while he was despairing and persevering with the medication, I had never held much hope at the time. But after long-term use, he unexpectedly found that a condition that had seemed incurable could be cured. From this case, I learned two important lessons:

1. A formula that combines strengthening the kidneys and yang, clearing fire and promoting bowel movements, and activating blood circulation to remove stasis is indeed an effective remedy for treating hepatorenal syndrome.
2. This formula addresses the root cause of the condition—it is not comparable to Western medical dialysis, which merely removes urea from the blood and provides temporary relief; instead, this formula helps transform liver and kidney function, offering some degree of improvement in the overall condition.

I came to realize the effectiveness of TCM in treating this condition, but I also recognized that, given the gastrointestinal stress and dysfunction often experienced by patients with kidney failure, long-term TCM use is often difficult to tolerate—for most patients, simply seeing TCM can trigger reflexive nausea and vomiting, causing them to abandon treatment halfway. In the future, we should focus more on improving the administration route of medications.

Clinical Application of Gan Bing Wan

Huang Lian, Huang Qin, Huang Bo, Shan Zhi, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Chuan Xiong, Sheng Di, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Nu Zhen Zi, Han Lian Cao, Da Huang, Ban Xia, Gan Jiang, Dan Shen, Mu Xiang, Cao Kou, Huang Qi, Qin Tiao, Ban Lan Gen, Chai Hu, Dang Shen, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Ze Xie, Gui Zhi, Zhu Ling, Gan Cao—all ground into powder, refined with honey into pills, weighing 6 g each, taken three times daily, 1 pill each time, mixed with warm boiled water. This is Gan Bing Wan. For patients with chronic liver disease, especially those with liver cirrhosis, liver function is often damaged, leading to loss of liver’s vital functions—men’s estrogen levels rise, women’s androgen levels increase, and over time, the pituitary gland gradually declines in function, resulting in decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone production and reduced adrenal cortical function, which in turn causes dark pigmentation on the face.

The Huang Lian Jie Du Tang formula (Huang Lian, Huang Qin, Huang Bo, Shan Zhi) can reduce congestion in the gastrointestinal mucosa and skin layers, while increasing congestion in the deeper layers of skin and mucosa—this helps to diminish residual jaundice and pigment deposits. The Tao Hong Si Wu Tang formula (Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Chuan Xiong, Sheng Di) is a primary formula for regulating the liver—regulating the liver’s qi and blood, and regulating the liver’s “xiang huo,” which refers to the sympathetic nervous system in modern medicine. Beyond its role in regulating smooth muscle tension, this system also influences blood vessel dilation and constriction, as well as sweat pore opening and closing—these factors alone can improve facial complexion. According to recent experimental studies, Chai Ling Tang has indeed demonstrated a role in regulating the adrenal cortex; this formula can enhance the function of the adrenal cortical system, helping to prevent adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency—a condition characterized by dark pigmentation on the face. In addition to the aforementioned Huang Lian Jie Du, Tao Hong Si Wu, and Chai Ling Tang, this formula also includes Yin Chen Wu Ling San and Yin Chen Hao Tang—traditional remedies specifically designed to treat jaundice. Nu Zhen Zi and Han Lian Cao were historically known as Er Zhi Wan, meaning “two arrivals”—today, many people use these formulas to treat orbital hyperpigmentation and other conditions, and they have become popular choices for women’s beauty routines.

In summary, although the composition of Gan Bing Wan is diverse, its underlying philosophy is clear: it contains Chai Ling to regulate endocrine function, Tao Hong Si Wu to regulate the liver and promote blood circulation, Huang Lian Jie Du to clear fire and detoxify, Er Zhi Wan to balance qi and blood, and Yin Chen Wu Ling San to aid digestion and restore the stomach. Moreover, the formula includes Yin Chen, which is often used to treat jaundice. Since this formula requires regular use, and frequent use can lead to stomach irritation, I added Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang, as well as Dan Shen, Mu Xiang, and Cao Kou to nourish the stomach and harmonize the middle burner. This formula is often effective for patients with dull complexions due to liver cirrhosis or chronic liver disease, bringing my series of liver treatments toward greater perfection!

A Single Approach to Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

In the winter of 2000 (Gengchen year), I treated Bai Li, a 35-year-old employee of the Lanzhou Electric Motor Factory. Five years earlier, she was diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis, accompanied by ascites and jaundice, and had experienced multiple episodes of vomiting. Her peripheral blood count showed a hemoglobin level of 8–11 g/L, white blood cells at 2–3 × 10⁹/L, and platelets at 10–30 × 10⁹/L. Six months prior, she had traveled to Xi’an for surgery, but due to the lack of surgical indications, she returned to Lanzhou. The journey was exhausting and bumpy, her jaundice worsened, she experienced persistent pain in the liver region radiating to both flanks and the back. Reviewing her recent lab results, her total bilirubin had reached 87 μmol/L, direct bilirubin 50 μmol/L, alanine aminotransferase 105 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 73 U/L, and urea nitrogen 9.3 mmol/L. In October 2001, she came to me again, presenting with widespread jaundice, abdominal distension, a dull complexion, and complaints of sharp pain in both flanks, along with occasional nausea, poor appetite, fatigue, dizziness, and difficulty performing daily activities. Her spleen was enlarged to 4 fingers below the ribs, her liver was palpated 2 fingers below the ribs, firm to the touch, and she had ascites. Diagnosis:

1. Cholestatic type of liver cirrhosis (decompensated)
2. Hepatorenal syndrome Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis: Red tongue with yellow, greasy, thick coating, and a pulse that is wiry, large, slippery, and rapid. Liver Qi Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency, with damp-heat accumulating internally, and yang deficiency leading to water retention. Treatment principles include soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, and warming the kidney and reinforcing yang. The formula employs Chaihu Shugan San combined with Sanhuang Xixin Tang with modifications: Chaihu 10g, Zhi Shi 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Gan Cao 5g, Xiang Fu 6g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Qing Pi 6g, Jiang Huang 6g, Rou Gui 3g, San Ling 10g, E Zhu 10g, Dan Shen 10g, Mu Xiang 10g, Da Huang 6g, Huang Lian 6g, Huang Qin 10g, Yuan Hu 10g, Chuan Lian Zi 20g, Zhi Ru Mo 3g each, Ban Xia 6g, Chen Pi 6g, Fu Ling 12g, Gan Jiang 6g, Sheng Long Mu 15g, Yin Chen 20g, Shan Zhi 10g, Wu Che Gu 15g; decocted in water and taken once daily. After taking this formula for 20 doses, the patient’s mental state improved, appetite increased, pain in the left flank and liver region significantly reduced, jaundice markedly alleviated, total bilirubin dropped below 17 μmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) both returned to normal. While taking this formula, the patient also continued to use the other formulations developed by the ancient masters—Gu Sheng I and Gu Sheng II. The former protects the liver and reduces jaundice, while the latter protects the liver and promotes water metabolism. Both formulas are based on “Xin Qi Fan Shi San” from the Golden Cabinet, with additions of other herbs. The rapid efficacy observed in this case is truly encouraging. Upon reflection, it is clear that this condition arises from liver Qi stagnation; prolonged stagnation leads to suppression of Earth’s function, generating dampness, and prolonged stagnation can lead to heat transformation—when damp and heat combine, jaundice develops. Prolonged spleen deficiency, resulting from qi deficiency or even yang deficiency, causes water retention! In this formula, Chaihu Shugan San is heavily used to soothe the liver, Sanhuang to clear fire, Er Chen to strengthen the spleen and eliminate dampness, Yin Chen Hao to reduce jaundice, while others either regulate qi, promote blood circulation, or relieve pain—all of which are employed to achieve remarkable results and achieve significant therapeutic effects. Among the ingredients in this formula—San Ling, E Zhu, Qing Pi, Jiang Huang, Yuan Hu, Chuan Lian Zi, and Zhi Ru Mo—the primary functions are pain relief; however, for liver cirrhosis, these herbs can also help soften the liver and disperse nodules, preventing the progression of fibrosis—a treatment approach that is highly appropriate. Even after the acute phase has passed, continued use of this formula can be beneficial in addressing the root cause of the disease.

This formula has proven effective in clinical practice, having been tested repeatedly over many years. Based on this formula, the Lanzhou Chinese Medicine Factory developed a prepared medicinal product in the form of “granular granules,” naming it “Hepatitis B No. II,” which is now widely used as a prescription-based medicine with satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.

Further Discussion on Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is quite common. For those who experience upper left abdominal pain radiating to the left chest, left flank, or lower back, which worsens after consuming fatty foods or meat, and which also intensifies when they are in a bad mood, such cases are often indicative of chronic pancreatitis. The onset of this condition is frequently associated with cholecystitis and gallstones; inflammation and obstruction of the bile ducts can affect the pancreatic duct, as the pancreatic duct and bile duct converge at the same point and open into the duodenum. Clinically, approximately 80% of patients with pancreatitis also have concurrent gallbladder disorders. The most specific diagnostic indicators for pancreatitis are serum amylase and urine amylase levels: typically, serum amylase levels exceed 500 U (Sue’s method) or 128 U (Wen’s method), while urine amylase levels above 1024 U (Sue’s method) or 128 U (Wen’s method) can confirm the diagnosis. However, serum amylase levels return to normal within 3 days after an episode, while urine amylase levels normalize within 1 week after an attack. Consequently, in most cases of chronic pancreatitis, both serum and urine amylase levels remain within the normal range; therefore, there are few reliable diagnostic markers for this condition. In recent years, imaging techniques such as CT scans and ultrasound have become increasingly prevalent in clinical practice, allowing for positive findings in most cases of chronic pancreatitis. Yet, for some patients with chronic pancreatitis, no definitive abnormalities are detected on imaging, often leading to misdiagnosis. The reasons for this may be summarized in three key areas:

1. The pancreas is located beneath the stomach and behind the transverse colon, running parallel to and overlapping with the colon. The stomach and transverse colon are often filled with a large amount of gas, particularly in the hepatic and splenic regions of the transverse colon, where gas tends to accumulate excessively, thus often affecting the quality of imaging results.
2. In the early stages of chronic pancreatitis, histological changes are often minimal; ultrasound and CT scans show no obvious abnormalities. As the disease progresses to the mid-to-late stages, fibrous tissue proliferation becomes more pronounced, and specific changes begin to appear in the posterior region.
3. The early symptoms of chronic pancreatitis often resemble those of gastric disorders, or may coexist with chronic gastritis. Some patients, after undergoing gastroscopy and being diagnosed with chronic superficial or atrophic gastritis, end up taking gastric medications without further concern—yet despite repeated treatments, their condition does not improve, and they still fail to undergo relevant pancreatic examinations.

Given these factors, the rate of missed diagnoses in chronic pancreatitis is relatively high. When I was young, I was treated for this condition by my father, a renowned physician from Longshan. He personally prescribed a formula to treat me, and after just one year, I had taken over 280 doses of medication before I finally recovered.

Later, building upon my father’s prescriptions, I refined the treatment over decades of clinical practice, developing the following formula: Chaihu 10g, Zhi Shi 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Xiang Fu 6g, Gan Cao 6g, Dan Shen 10g, Mu Xiang 10g, Cao Kou 10g, Da Huang 10g, Huang Qin 10g, Huang Lian 6g, Yuan Hu 10g, Chuan Lian Zi 20g, Zhi Ru Mo 6g each, Chuan Jiao 10g, Gan Jiang 6g, Gong Ying 15g, Baishang 15g; decocted in water and taken once daily.

After more than 40 years in medicine, I have treated countless patients with chronic pancreatitis using this formula. Due to its remarkable efficacy, patients with chronic pancreatitis from all over the country have flocked to seek treatment. During the course of treating this condition, I discovered three key characteristics of chronic pancreatitis—characteristics that were largely overlooked by the medical community, never recorded in textbooks, and rarely reported in academic journals.

First: Chronic Pancreatitis Often Accompanied by Chronic Gastritis

Chronic pancreatitis frequently coexists with chronic gastritis, which is a major reason why misdiagnosis of chronic pancreatitis occurs. Through decades of experience, I’ve found that nearly 80% of patients with chronic pancreatitis also suffer from gastric issues. Traditional Chinese Medicine attributes the left flank pain and abdominal distension associated with chronic pancreatitis to liver Qi stagnation; the principle in the Golden Cabinet—“When you see liver disease, know that liver disease can spread to the spleen”—can serve as a theoretical foundation for treating both pancreatic and gastric conditions. The aforementioned specialized formula for treating pancreatitis, Chaihu Shugan San for the liver and Banxia Xixin Tang for the stomach, demonstrates that combining treatment for both conditions can yield remarkable therapeutic effects. Modern medicine has yet to explore the connection between pancreatic and gastric diseases, nor has it published research reports on this topic. Here, I share my personal insights on this matter. Although the coexistence of pancreatic and gastric conditions is merely a personal observation, it is indeed a reality—though it remains to be fully understood by people. Many patients with chronic pancreatitis exhibit gallstones or bile duct inflammation; Western medicine believes that the bile duct and pancreatic duct both converge into the duodenum, and the junction is guarded by a powerful circular sphincter called the Oddi’s sphincter. This sphincter contracts or relaxes through neural reflexes, regulating the flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum while preventing reflux of duodenal contents into the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Inflammation in the gallbladder and pancreas can cause inflammatory products to travel down the bile duct and pancreatic duct, eventually reaching the duodenum. The duodenum, stimulated by these inflammatory substances, can develop duodenitis itself, as well as reflux of bile and pancreatic juices, leading to reflux gastritis and esophagitis.

Second: Chronic Pancreatitis Often Accompanied by Fatty Liver

Currently, modern medicine lacks comprehensive discussions or reports on chronic pancreatitis combined with fatty liver. However, in my long-term clinical practice, I have observed that approximately 80% of patients with chronic pancreatitis also develop fatty liver. Traditional Chinese Medicine views the pancreas and liver as part of the same organ system, so the coexistence of chronic pancreatitis and fatty liver is a natural occurrence—it needs no further explanation. Modern medicine has not yet explored this connection, but I offer my personal perspective. Patients with chronic pancreatitis often experience impaired fat absorption and utilization, leading to various pathological changes. Fatty liver occurs when excess fat accumulates in the intercellular spaces of liver cells; over time, this fat can compress liver cells, causing them to lose function, followed by cell degeneration and fibrous tissue proliferation, ultimately leading to liver cirrhosis. In chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic amylase levels in the blood may rise repeatedly as a compensatory mechanism, while glucose metabolism is enhanced. The conversion of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen into fatty acids also increases, contributing to the development of fatty liver. On the other hand, because pancreatic enzymes are blocked from flowing properly, ingested fats are not easily absorbed, resulting in fat diarrhea. In summary, when fat absorption is impaired in chronic pancreatitis, fat diarrhea occurs; when fat utilization is hindered, fatty liver develops. These observations are based on the objective fact that chronic pancreatitis often coexists with fatty liver—and though I draw on common knowledge from modern biochemistry and pathology, the true mechanisms still await microscopic experimentation to confirm. If we can advance our research to the level of molecular biology, it would be a very meaningful endeavor.

Third: Chronic Pancreatitis Often Associated with Posterior Abdominal Adhesions

Chronic pancreatitis, due to its long duration and frequent recurrences, sometimes presents with acute pancreatitis-like pathological manifestations, characterized by pancreatic tissue congestion, swelling, and inflammatory exudation. Because the pancreas lies behind the stomach and transverse colon, the stomach and transverse colon possess two key physiological characteristics: one is gas-filled, and the other is peristalsis. Given these properties, the pancreas is often under pressure and positioned close to the posterior peritoneum. When pancreatic tissue becomes swollen and congested, it comes into closer contact with the posterior abdomen, where inflammatory exudates infiltrate the surrounding tissues. Repeated inflammations can lead to adhesions between the pancreas and the posterior abdominal wall. At this stage, patients may experience not only right upper quadrant and right flank pain, but also radiating pain to the lower back, sometimes accompanied by severe pain that can extend to the neck. When I encountered patients with chronic pancreatitis presenting with these symptoms, especially those experiencing severe lower back pain radiating to the neck, I often added 3g of Danshen, 6g of Tuo Bei Chong, 10g of Zelan, and 6g of Shui Zhi (all divided and taken as a single dose). These combinations often yielded noticeable therapeutic effects. Some patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent surgery due to acute attacks; during surgery, they were found to have tightly adhered pancreas to the posterior abdominal wall, with extensive connective tissue proliferation visible in the area. The typical pain pattern in these patients was severe lower back pain radiating to the left side of the neck, resulting in a pulling sensation in the neck and back. During surgery, in addition to removing a small amount of necrotic tissue and performing drainage, the adhesions in the lower back and the fibrous tissue proliferation in the posterior abdominal wall were carefully addressed. After surgery, patients’ lower back pain and neck strain were alleviated—but six months later, the pain returned to its previous level, and the patients had to continue traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

After understanding these three key characteristics of chronic pancreatitis, clinical diagnosis and treatment can be guided by these insights. In the main formula for treating chronic pancreatitis, if there is significant bile reflux-induced gastritis and esophagitis, remove Zelan and Baishang, adding Banxia, fresh ginger, and raw ochre. Reduce the amount of Zhi Ru Mo. If fatty liver is present, remove Chuan Jiao, Chuan Lian Zi, and Yuan Hu, adding San Ling, E Zhu, Qing Pi, Jiang Huang, and Rou Gui. If neck and back pain are present, add Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Danshen, and Shui Zhi.

In addition to medication, dietary therapy is also crucial for treating chronic pancreatitis. Patients should consume light, low-fat, semi-liquid foods for extended periods, such as thin porridge, one-pot noodles, vegetable soup, fruit juice, etc. Meat, eggs, cheese, fish, shrimp, and seafood are not recommended; overeating should be avoided. By maintaining these dietary habits, chronic pancreatitis can often be completely cured.

Moreover, a regular daily routine and a positive psychological state are equally important for healing this condition. As the ancients said, “Great anger harms the liver”; in fact, the liver here also encompasses the pancreas.

Discussing Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Vaginal Bleeding

Vaginal bleeding falls under the category of “Beng” and “Luo” syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. “Beng” refers to the collapse of heaven and earth, while “Luo” signifies a leaking roof or a broken house—both describe the varying degrees and urgency of vaginal bleeding. This condition differs significantly from menstrual irregularities: when menstruation occurs more than 4 days earlier or more than 3 days later than usual, it is considered menstrual irregularity. Normal menstruation may be accompanied by discomfort in the lower abdomen; if there is significant lower abdominal pain, it is referred to as dysmenorrhea. Menstrual cycles typically last 3–7 days, with moderate blood loss. “Beng” and “Luo” syndromes are characterized by irregularity in the menstrual cycle; they often involve recurrent vaginal bleeding, with heavy bleeding referred to as “Beng” syndrome, while lighter bleeding that is difficult to stop is known as “Luo” syndrome. Traditional Chinese Medicine categorizes “Beng” and “Luo” syndromes into three main types: first, qi fails to control blood; second, blood is hot and flows abnormally; third, blood vessels are obstructed. Although these three syndromes differ significantly in their underlying pathogenesis, their root cause lies in the Chong and Ren meridians. The Chong meridian governs the Blood Sea, while the Ren meridian governs the Blood Chamber; both the Blood Sea and the Blood Chamber are primarily controlled by the liver. Therefore, treating the liver is a fundamental principle in treating “Beng” and “Luo” syndromes. “Si Wu Tang is not exclusively a remedy for activating blood and replenishing blood; it is a sacred formula for regulating the liver.” This famous saying from the Qing Dynasty’s renowned physician Ke Yunbo illustrates this principle. In my clinical practice, I always use Si Wu Tang as the primary formula for treating “qi fails to control blood” syndromes. For patients with abdominal pain, I add Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan; for patients with severe qi deficiency, I add Dang Shen, Huang Qi, and Gan Cao; for severe “Beng” syndromes, I add Shan Yu 20g, Yuan Rou 20g, Sheng Long Mu 15g, and Wu Che Gu 15g; for patients with low blood pressure, I add Dang Shen 10g, Mai Dong 10g, and Wu Wei Zi 6g; for patients in shock, I add Ginseng 30g, along with 50g of brown sugar, decocted in water for 10 minutes and taken immediately. This treatment approach generally aligns with the “qi fails to control blood” category mentioned earlier; from a modern medical perspective, vaginal bleeding in these cases is often classified as functional uterine bleeding rather than organic disease.

Another type of vaginal bleeding is what Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to as “blood vessel obstruction.” The treatment of this type of bleeding is quite complex, often involving conditions like uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, as well as obstetric complications such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and placenta previa. From a Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective, vaginal bleeding of this nature often exhibits the following characteristics: ① vaginal bleeding accompanied by lower abdominal pain; ② vaginal bleeding that does not respond to standard hemostatic medications; ③ patients experience prolonged vaginal bleeding, often accompanied by anemia and purplish spots on the tongue. These three characteristics remind practitioners not to make assumptions about the diagnosis without proper consultation with a specialist in Western medicine. In my long-term clinical practice, I’ve learned that major obstetric hemorrhages and cervical cancer require consultation with Western gynecologists and obstetricians; traditional Chinese medicine alone often cannot provide adequate treatment. For uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometrial hyperplasia, traditional Chinese medicine offers promising therapeutic outcomes. The pulse patterns in Traditional Chinese Medicine do not always clearly distinguish the exact diagnosis of these conditions; although they can at best indicate blood vessel obstruction, prescribing methods to activate blood and resolve stasis may still carry risks of over-treatment. However, when diagnosis is accurate, clinical efficacy is often satisfactory, making it a good option for patients who are not candidates for surgery or who prefer not to undergo surgery. A commonly used formula is Gui Zhi Fu Ling Tang with modifications. According to the Golden Cabinet: “If a woman has a chronic illness and her menstrual cycle has not yet begun for three months, yet she experiences continuous vaginal bleeding, and fetal movement occurs above the navel—this is a serious condition. If fetal movement occurs in the sixth month of pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle is disrupted, then the fetus is present. If vaginal bleeding occurs after three months of menstruation, the blood continues to flow. Thus, if the bleeding persists, it is because the underlying condition has not been resolved; to address this issue, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan is the primary remedy.” The “condition” mentioned in the text refers to blood leakage—what we call “symptoms” are actually “masses” and “accumulations!” These conditions are similar to uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts in modern medicine. I have achieved notable therapeutic effects when treating massive uterine bleeding caused by fibroids, cysts, or endometrial hyperplasia with this formula. The basic formula consists of Gui Zhi 10g, Bai Shao 20g, Fu Ling 12g, Dan Pi 10g, Tao Ren 10g, San Ling 10g, E Zhu 10g, Hai Cao 10g, Shui Zhi 10g (divided and taken as a single dose), and Danshen 3g (divided and taken as a single dose); decocted in water and taken once daily. The Shui Zhi and Danshen in this formula have strong effects in breaking up blood clots and eliminating blood; although they break up the clots, the blood can be stopped quickly—this is an example of “using the root to treat the symptom.” For patients with severe weakness, I often add Dang Shen, Bai Zhu, and Huang Qi; for patients with heavy bleeding, I add Ejiao and Ai Ye; for abdominal pain, I add Pu Huang and Wu Ling Zhi; for lower back pain, I add Du Zhong, Yi Ren, and Yin Yang Huo. Using this formula to treat uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometrial hyperplasia can be effective; in addition to stopping heavy bleeding, the hyperplastic endometrium can be reversed, fibroids and cysts can shrink, and even disappear entirely.

A Brief Discussion on San Li

San Li, also known as San Qi, Han San Li, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li really possess such powerful effects in enhancing sexual potency? So I removed Lu Rong and used Han San Li alone in combination with Gui Fu Ba Wei, then continued with another 10 doses. The patient reported that the treatment was effective, though the efficacy was somewhat less than when Lu Rong was present! The above case demonstrates that combining Han San Li with Lu Rong can greatly enhance its potency in boosting sexual function; while Han San Li alone has some potential for enhancing sexual potency, its efficacy is still inferior to that achieved when combined with Lu Rong.

In conclusion, Han San Li possesses multiple benefits, including qi-tonifying and blood-replenishing, filling essence and enhancing sexual potency, activating blood and resolving stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, promoting bile secretion and reducing jaundice, protecting the liver and lowering enzymes, and aiding diuresis and reducing edema—making it a truly valuable herb.

A Brief Discussion on Shui Zhi

Shui Zhi, also known as Shui Zhi, Shui Zhi, Jin Bu Huan, or Tian Qi, is the root of San Li, a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Traditionally, this herb is believed to have hemostatic, blood-activating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-accumulation properties—but little is known about its powerful qi-tonifying effects. Professor Zhao Fen from Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine once used San Li to treat a patient suffering from severe anemia; within a single month, her hemoglobin levels rose from 7 g/L to 11.2 g/L. Taking just 1 g of San Li, taken after breakfast and dinner, was enough to achieve this improvement. This shows that San Li is a versatile herb with dual therapeutic effects—both activating blood and tonifying qi. Thanks to its blood-activating and anti-inflammatory properties, this herb is often used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and old ectopic pregnancies. Experimental studies have confirmed that this herb has excellent lipid-lowering effects. Professor Chen Dingqi from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences used 2 g of this herb per day, divided into two doses, to treat 85 cases of angina pectoris, achieving an effectiveness rate of 82% and a lipid-lowering rate of 78%. Teacher Tao Yuan Sheng from Pingdingshan Vocational School in Henan Province treated 100 cases of acute jaundice-type hepatitis with this herb, proving that it has distinct bile-promoting, jaundice-reducing, enzyme-lowering, and liver-protecting effects. Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis B who took this herb long-term not only saw their surface antigens turn negative but also experienced reversal of chronic liver inflammation. He used a self-prepared San Dan Tang formula (Danshen, Dan Shen), and after several months of use, the surface antigens began to turn negative; after one year, the negative conversion rate reached 40%. Dr. Lu Ji from the Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally discovered that San Li has a significant diuretic effect and used it successfully to treat multiple cases of ascites originating from liver, heart, or kidney problems.

I have accumulated over 40 years of experience using Han San Li. I believe this herb is a sacred formula that combines both activating and tonifying effects, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine. Alongside herbs like Da Huang, Shi Gao, Chai Hu, Gui Zhi, Dang Shen, and Huang Qi, it forms the backbone of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, providing powerful therapeutic benefits. I have used this herb to treat injuries from falls, whether taken orally or applied topically, and have seen remarkable results. I have also used this herb in combination with Qiang Du Hua, Fang Feng, Sang Zhi, and Weiling Xian to treat rheumatic and rheumatoid pains, often achieving significant efficacy. I have even used this herb in combination with Shui Zhi 10g (taken as a single dose) to treat gynecological conditions such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, obtaining impressive therapeutic results. Over the past 10 years, I have incorporated Han San Li into Coronary Heart Disease No. II (Red Peony, Chuan Xiong, Red Flower, Jiang Xiang, Dan Shen), as well as in the Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang formula, achieving notable therapeutic effects for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. I have also combined this herb with Shui Zhi to create capsules named Kuang Xiong Wan, with 2–4 capsules taken twice daily, dissolved in warm water, to treat chest tightness and shortness of breath caused by myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease—this formula enjoys a good reputation in Gansu Province. I have also combined this herb with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Dang Gui, Bai Shao, Qin Tiao, and Ban Lan Gen to formulate Hepatitis B Scanning Granules, which have a marked liver-protecting effect; long-term use can lead to surface antigen negativity. Patients with “Big Three Positive” hepatitis B can even see their E antigen turn negative. In the spring of 2000 (Gengchen year), a middle-aged man suffered from erectile dysfunction and sought my treatment. I used Gui Fu Ba Wei, adding 3g of Lu Rong (divided and taken as a single dose) and 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose), and after 10 doses, the patient felt a significant improvement. At the second visit, I removed Han San Li from the formula and continued with the original formulation for another 10 doses. The patient said that these 10 doses had not only failed to produce noticeable results but had actually caused the previously achieved therapeutic effects to disappear. I then added 3g of Han San Li (divided and taken as a single dose) again, and after another 10 doses, the patient reported seeing even more significant improvements. I wondered: Does Han San Li Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: The dried whole body of the leech, belonging to the family Hirudinidae in the class Annelida, has a salty taste, a neutral property, and a slight toxicity. Traditionally used for bruises and injuries, masses and accumulations, and blood stasis causing amenorrhea; in recent years, experimental studies have revealed that leeches possess potent anti-fibrotic and anticoagulant effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine regards leeches as a divine remedy for resolving blood stasis and alleviating symptoms—when used raw, their efficacy is particularly remarkable, making them suitable for treating all conditions involving blood stagnation. In clinical practice, leeches are effective for gynecological tumors, hemangiomas, coronary heart disease, hypertension, emphysema, cor pulmonale, and other conditions characterized by cyanosis, pain, and accumulation. Based on my experience: ① This medicine, when combined with Guanxin No. 2 (Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Jiangxiang, Danshen), is used to treat coronary heart disease. It not only alleviates subjective symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and palpitations, but also helps correct S-T segments and T waves on electrocardiogram, with the key advantage being long-term adherence to the treatment regimen. ② When used in combination with Gui Zhi Fuling Wan (Gui Zhi, Fuling, Baishao, Danpi, Taoren), this medicine is effective for treating uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and other benign gynecological tumors. The complete elimination rate for uterine fibroids reaches approximately 70%; among ovarian cysts, the complete elimination rate for serous or mucinous cysts can exceed 90%, while the complete elimination rate for corpus luteum cysts and chocolate cysts is relatively lower—but their effects on improving menstrual irregularities remain significant. ③ This formula, when combined with Zicao, Sanling, Ezhushu, Haiyao, and Kombu, demonstrates notable efficacy in treating benign solid tumors on the body surface. For cervical lymph node tuberculosis, it is supplemented with Zhebei, Yuanshan, and Oyster; for thyroid tumors, it is combined with Xia Ku Cao, Tu Bo Chong, Lu Feng Fang, and Quan Xie; for breast masses, it includes Chuan Shan Jia, Shao Jiao Ci, Chai Hu, and Wang Bu Liu Xing; and for hemangiomas, it incorporates Dang Gui Wei, Taoren, Honghua, and Zelan.

Recently, Dr. Fang Xinsheng at the Workers’ Hospital of Zhuzhou Smelter in Hunan Province reported that using leeches to treat chronic renal failure yielded remarkable therapeutic results. The formula employed was: Da Huang, Fu Pi, Jin Yin Hua, Bai Hua She Tiao Cao, Che Qian Zi, Yi Mu Cao, Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Shan Yu, Gou Qi Zi, Sang Shu, and Leeches (divided and taken separately). The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily, with the second decoction mixed and divided into three doses—taken after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. I observed the efficacy of this formula in clinical practice, and after taking it, three patients with varying degrees of renal failure experienced positive outcomes:

One patient with chronic nephritis-induced chronic renal failure saw a reduction in BUN from 11 mmol/L to 9 mmol/L after 20 doses of the formula; another patient with chronic renal failure caused by liver cirrhosis had no change in BUN, but his Cr dropped from 122 μmol/L to 96 μmol/L; yet another patient with chronic renal failure triggered by purpuric nephritis showed improvement in BUN and Cr levels, though neither decreased significantly. However, the patient’s mental state improved compared to before, his appetite increased, and his nausea and vomiting were relatively less severe. Given the remarkable efficacy of this formula in treating renal failure, I reflected deeply on its use. Among the ingredients, the leeches serve as the primary medicinal component—the soul of the formula. These herbs promote blood circulation, resolve blood stasis, eliminate masses, and break up symptoms. Since they exhibit certain vasodilatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects on vascular hardening and thrombosis in coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction, they should also have similar effects on the basement epithelial tissue of renal glomeruli, as renal failure arises from the loss or partial loss of glomerular excretion and reabsorption functions. The glomeruli are formed by the interlacing of arterioles and venules, creating a pressure system; vascular wall hardening and luminal obstruction are major factors affecting glomerular filtration. Generally speaking, these conditions fall under the category of “blood stasis” in traditional Chinese medicine. As the leeches act as the main medicinal ingredient in this formula, breaking up blood stasis and promoting blood circulation, they are expected to achieve ideal therapeutic effects. Chronic renal failure is currently considered an incurable condition; although modern medicine offers dialysis as an emergency treatment, it merely addresses the symptoms and is not a long-term solution. Ultimately, patients often die due to secondary infections. Currently, medical researchers both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive practical research, proposing various approaches such as high-dose furosemide diuretics and continuous infusion of human albumin, but none have shown encouraging therapeutic results. Traditional Chinese Medicine has historically employed the principle of “raising clear qi and lowering turbid qi,” which, according to historical records, has shown some efficacy. The “raising clear qi and lowering turbid qi” approach is based on the concept that dysfunction in the spleen and stomach leads to illness. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the primary symptoms of chronic renal failure include nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, and loose stools. Based on this diagnosis, it was concluded that dampness obstructs the middle burner, impeding the normal function of the spleen and stomach. Consequently, the patient’s stomach qi fails to descend, while the spleen’s qi does not rise—these symptoms are the root cause of the condition. The Da Huang and Fu Pi in the formula are important components beyond the leeches themselves: Da Huang helps to descend stomach qi, while Fu Pi elevates spleen yang, enabling the clear to rise and the turbid to descend, thus dissolving the dampness that had been stagnant in the middle burner! Modern pharmacology has proven that Da Huang possesses powerful laxative properties, with effects similar to intestinal dialysis; Fu Pi strengthens the heart and promotes water excretion, helping to overcome the side effects of Da Huang’s harsh laxative action. The Jin Yin Hua and Bai Hua She Tiao Cao in the formula aim to clear heat and detoxify, incorporating modern medical anti-infective effects, while Che Qian Zi and Yi Mu Cao promote blood circulation and aid water excretion, supporting kidney function and aiding diuresis. Huang Qi and Dan Shen both tonify qi and blood, providing comprehensive support to the body, strengthening the body’s innate defenses and enhancing immune regulation, metabolism, and the autonomic nervous system—all aspects of modern medicine.

In conclusion, the specialized formula proposed by Dr. Fang Xinsheng of Hunan for treating chronic renal failure is a clinically effective formula that deserves wider clinical application and further empirical study. When I used this formula in clinical practice, I added 6g of Mu Xiang, 6g of Cao Kou, 6g of Ban Xia, and 6g of Sheng Jiang, which helped alleviate gastrointestinal nausea and discomfort to some extent. However, I found that traditional Chinese medicine formulations are often inconvenient for patients with severe renal failure; some patients refused to take herbal medicine due to nausea, abdominal discomfort, and pain. Moreover, the leeches themselves have a strong, fishy odor that many patients find unpleasant. Therefore, I believe we should focus on reforming the formulation of these medicines to create an effective drug that patients with chronic renal failure can continue to take over a long period of time.

Clinical Experience in Treating Severe Hepatitis-Associated Encephalopathy

Ms. Wang, female, 72 years old, native of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, a farmer. She had suffered from hepatitis for more than 10 years. One month ago, she experienced a sudden onset of liver disease due to excessive fatigue, resulting in gradual jaundice across her face and body, along with nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, and discomfort in the liver region. She soon developed agitation, altered consciousness, and exhibited signs of confusion, delirium, and speech disturbances. Physical examination revealed widespread jaundice, reduced hepatic dullness, no palpable liver or spleen, mobile dullness in the abdomen, and a few petechial hemorrhages on the lower limbs. Cardiac and pulmonary examinations were unremarkable. Laboratory findings included total bilirubin of 246 μmol/L, direct bilirubin of 128 μmol/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 45 μmol/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 36 μmol/L, uric acid of 29 μmol/L, blood ammonia of 1600 μg/L, hemoglobin of 90 g/L, white blood cells of 122.8 × 10¹²/L, with neutrophils accounting for 88%. Clinical diagnosis: acute severe hepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy.

Given the severity of her condition, she was advised to be hospitalized, but due to financial difficulties, she could only receive outpatient treatment. Her pulse was wiry and slippery, her tongue was red with a thick, yellow coating, and her mental status was unclear; however, she was still able to respond to questions, and her bowel movements were absent for four days. The formula used was Da Chai Hu Jia Wei: Chai Hu 10g, Da Huang 10g, Huang Lian 6g, Huang Qin 10g, Ban Xia 6g, Yin Chen 20g, Shan Zhi 10g, Ming Fan 3g, Yu Jin 6g, Zhi Shi 10g, Hou Pu 6g, Da Fu Pi 15g, Hu Lu Pi 15g, Che Qian Zi 10g, Yin Hua 15g, Lian Qiao 15g, Gong Ying 15g, Baishang 15g, Dan Shen 10g, Mu Xiang 6g, Cao Kou 6g. The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily, with the first and second decoctions mixed and divided into three doses. Simultaneously, she took Gu Sheng No. 1 and Gu Sheng No. 2 capsules, three times a day, two capsules each time. These two medications were developed from my 40-year clinical experience, using nitrate-alum stone powder as the main ingredient—No. 1 protects the liver and reduces jaundice, while No. 2 protects the liver and aids in water excretion, effectively treating ascites and jaundice in liver diseases. After three doses of the herbal formula (along with Gu Sheng No. 1 and No. 2), her mental status improved, and her abdominal fluid and jaundice began to show slight improvement. I thought it was truly inspiring that even such a severe case could see results through oral Chinese medicine! I continued to use the original formula, and after three doses, her spirits improved, she showed a slight increase in appetite—but her diarrhea persisted, occurring 4–5 times a day. I believed that the diarrhea was caused by the “three yellow” herbs, and this was a method of addressing the root cause. It was precisely because of this approach that her mental status improved. However, if the mental clarity was followed by diarrhea, there was a risk of damaging the body’s vital energy. Therefore, I adjusted the formula as follows: I reduced the amount of Da Huang to 6g, removed Ming Fan, Yu Jin, Yin Hua, and Lian Qiao, and added 30g of Dan Shen, 30g of Huang Qi, 10g of Dang Gui, 15g of Bai Shao, 10g of Qin Tiao, and 15g of Ban Lan Gen. I continued to take the formula, while also continuing to use Gu Sheng No. 1 and No. 2. After taking the medication for more than 30 doses, her condition greatly improved. She said that because the medicine was effective, she decided to continue taking the above formula, and the more she took, the better she felt—and she couldn’t bear to stop. Thus, she returned to outpatient visits. Physical examination: her face was no longer jaundiced, her mental state was good, her appetite was good, the hepatic dullness had returned to normal, her abdomen was flat and soft, and the abdominal fluid sign was negative. Laboratory findings: total bilirubin of 18.2 μmol/L, direct bilirubin of 5.2 μmol/L, ALT of 26 μmol/L, AST of 42 μmol/L. Since her liver function and jaundice had returned to normal, she continued to take the following formula to support her recovery. Formula: Dang Gui 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Sheng Di 12g, Huang Qi 20g, Huang Jing 20g, Yu Jin 6g, Dang Shen 10g, Zhi Shen 10g, Shan Zhi 10g, Sheng Jiang 6g, Shan Zha 10g, Shen Qu 10g, Ban Lan Gen 10g, Yin Chen 10g. The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily; after 20 doses, she could discontinue the medication on her own.

Note: The cure of this patient was due to her financial difficulties—she had no money for hospitalization, so she was forced to receive outpatient treatment with oral herbal soups and traditional Chinese medicine capsules. The results were so promising that they were unexpected. Among the herbal formulas she took, in addition to Da Huang, Huang Lian, and Huang Qin, which cleared heat and eliminated pathogenic factors, the formula also contained Da Chai Hu Tang, Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin, Bai Jin San, and Dan Shen Yin—all of which worked to soothe the liver, detoxify, clear heat, and harmonize the stomach. The Bai Jin San formula (Alum and Yu Jin) originated from “Surgical Complete Life Collection: Ma’s Family’s Secret Recipe,” primarily used to treat phlegm blocking the heart’s channels, delirium, and epilepsy—this formula played a crucial role in bringing the final touch to the overall treatment plan.

A Brief Discussion on “The Spleen Governs Postnatal Functions”

Traditional Chinese Medicine posits that the Kidneys govern prenatal functions, while the Spleen governs postnatal functions, forming the core framework of traditional Chinese medical theory. Since the Jin-Yuan period, Li Dongyuan developed the theory of the Spleen and Stomach, arguing that the Spleen and Stomach are the foundations of postnatal life. By regulating the Spleen and Stomach and ensuring that the mid-level qi is abundant, diseases cannot arise. He proposed the Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction, which proved highly effective and was widely praised by physicians throughout history. With the development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, recent years have seen extensive research into the nature of the Spleen from a microscopic perspective, employing experimental methods. Some studies measured salivary amylase activity, urinary amylase activity, and trypsin activity in patients with Spleen deficiency, finding that all values were lower than normal; others measured gastric juice secretion in patients with Spleen deficiency, discovering that gastric juice secretion was lower than in healthy individuals. These findings indicate that the digestive capacity of patients with Spleen deficiency is poorer than that of healthy individuals. Studies on gastric mucosal biopsies in patients with Spleen deficiency revealed that the villi of the gastric mucosa became flattened, with sparse, thin microvilli, and many villi were shed—suggesting impaired absorption in these patients. Some studies measured the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in patients with Spleen deficiency, finding that this activity was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. However, after taking the Jian Pi Yi Qi Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Decoction, this activity could return to normal levels. This shows that Spleen deficiency not only affects the body’s digestive and absorptive functions but also impacts metabolic processes. In the 1980s, I published an article titled “Supporting Vital Energy and Strengthening the Body—With Immunity” in the Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (1982, No. 2), summarizing research findings both domestically and internationally. The article explained that “zhong qi” (the qi of the Spleen and Stomach) represents both the body’s humoral immunity and cellular immunity, as well as both specific immunity and non-specific immunity—put simply, it embodies the human immune system. It’s no wonder that ancient scholars once stated, “When righteous qi resides within, evil cannot invade.”

In summary, the Spleen plays a pivotal role in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients in the human body; at the same time, it provides free protection for the body’s postnatal functions through the immune system. The saying “the Spleen governs postnatal functions” is truly insightful and profound.

Recently, in an article titled “The Role of the Gastrointestinal-Liver Axis” published in China Medical Forum on February 5, 2004, Professor Xu Jun from the Emergency Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital proposed that the gastrointestinal-liver axis is another critical barrier system in the human body—alongside the blood-brain barrier, the blood-tissue barrier, and the skin-mucosal barrier. The decline of this barrier system is often the root cause of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The barrier functions of the gastrointestinal-liver axis include the mechanical barrier of the gastrointestinal mucosa, the peristaltic barrier, the secretory barrier, the lymphatic barrier, and the endothelial barrier within liver tissue. When the body experiences trauma, burns, infections, shock, or receives radiation or chemotherapy, this system works tirelessly to keep various emergencies at bay and to facilitate healing. The Kupfer cells in the liver play an extremely important role in this barrier system. Kupfer cells are divided into large cells and small cells; when various pathogenic factors begin to stimulate them, the large cells increase their phagocytic activity and release large amounts of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor); the small cells, on the other hand, produce large quantities of IL-6 (interleukin-6), both of which contribute to the development of MODS. In recent years, people have increasingly focused on the barrier functions of the gastrointestinal-liver axis—such as increasing the phagocytic activity of liver Kupfer cells while simultaneously shutting down the functional states of both large and small cells, thereby reducing TNF-α production and preventing MODS.

In conclusion, the roles of the gastrointestinal organs—such as the stomach, intestines, and liver—are the most critical factors determining a person’s postnatal health. They are essential for absorbing, digesting, and absorbing the nutrients the body needs, while also serving as the body’s primary defense against external and internal pathogens. As the “foundation of postnatal life,” traditional Chinese medicine’s theories are grounded in practice and therefore hold broad clinical significance.

My Views on the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease

In 1995, I treated numerous cases of interstitial lung disease. The clinical characteristics of this disease include dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and gasping—a condition far more severe than typical lung and bronchial diseases. Western medicine often treats interstitial lung disease with corticosteroids combined with antibiotics, but the efficacy is limited, recurrences are common, and the prognosis is often poor. In treating this disease, I often used the following three formulas as primary treatments:

① Acute Phase: The onset is rapid, accompanied by high fever, severe dyspnea, heart palpitations, dry and wet rales throughout both lungs, a slippery and rapid pulse, a red and purple tongue with a yellowish, greasy coating. The formula used was Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Jia Wei: Ma Huang 10g, Xing Ren 10g, Sheng Shi Gao 30g, Gan Cao 6g, Sang Bai Pi 10g, Di Gu Pi 10g, Ting Li Zi 12g, Da Zao 10g, Gan Jiang 6g, Xi Xin 3g, Wu Wei Zi 3g, Ban Xia 6g, Huang Qin 10g, Yu Xing Cao 25g. The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily. While taking this formula, antibiotic therapy was also administered.

② Non-Acute Phase: The condition is chronic, with chest tightness, shortness of breath, and occasional dry or wet rales in both lungs. The pulse is slippery and rapid, the tongue is red with a hint of purple. The formula used was Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang Jia Wei: Gui Zhi 10g, Bai Shao 10g, Zhi Mu 10g, Gan Jiang 6g, Gan Cao 6g, Fang Feng 12g, Ma Huang 10g, Bai Zhu 10g, Fu Pi 6g, Xing Ren 10g, Sheng Shi Gao 30g, Sheng Yi Ren 20g, Su Zi 10g, Lai Fu Zi 10g, Bai Jie Zi 10g. The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily; when taking this formula, antibiotic therapy was not required.

③ Advanced Stage: This is the late stage of interstitial lung disease, where patients experience labored breathing upon movement, lose their ability to engage in physical activity, suffer from severe hypoxia, and develop cyanosis, especially around the lips. Widespread tubular breath sounds are heard in both lungs, with occasional moist rales; some patients develop clubbed fingers. The pulse is deep and tense, the radial pulse is weak, and the tongue is reddened, swollen, and purple. The formula used was Du Qi Wan combined with Tao Hong Si Wu Tang Jia Wei: Sheng Di 12g, Shan Yu 6g, Shan Yao 10g, Dan Pi 10g, Fu Ling 10g, Ze Xie 10g, Mai Dong 10g, Wu Wei Zi 3g, Dang Shen 10g, Dang Gui 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Taoren 10g, Honghua 3g, Han San Qi 3g (divided and taken separately), and Leeches 10g (divided and taken separately). The herbs were decocted into a soup and taken once daily. This formula should be taken long-term; for those experiencing stomach pain, you can add 10g of Dan Shen, 6g of Mu Xiang, and 6g of Cao Kou to the formula. If necessary, double the dose of the formula, grind it into powder, sift it through a sieve, and take 6g per dose, three times a day, diluted with warm water.

The use of these three formulas, combined with Western antibiotics, often helps alleviate pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Interstitial lung disease is commonly referred to as idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, and its cause remains unknown to this day—hence the term “idiopathic.” Its pathological changes are characterized by interstitial pneumonia, fibrosis, and pulmonary hardening in both lungs; X-rays reveal diverse features such as interstitial pneumonia, nodular lesions, interstitial fibrosis, emphysema, bullae, and fibrous cysts. Patients often experience recurrent episodes due to colds, fatigue, emotional stress, and other factors, eventually leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure, accompanied by hepatomegaly, ascites, lower limb edema, and jugular vein distension. Given the obvious and severe pathological changes in the lungs, as well as their irreversible nature, the clinical manifestations are primarily marked by severe dyspnea, systemic hypoxia, accompanied by dry cough and cyanosis. In 1935, French scholars Haman and Rich first proposed the name for this disease; they reported four patients who exhibited three key characteristics: rapid onset, dyspnea, and generalized cyanosis. All four patients died within three months. Pathological examination revealed diffuse alveolar inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in the lungs of all four patients. At that time, they named the condition Haman-Rich disease. Laboratory diagnosis of this disease includes elevated serum immunoglobulins and the presence of autoantibodies—though these antibodies are non-specific, such as anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, anti-fibroblast antibodies, and anti-rheumatoid factors. Over 90% of patients showed an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while 66% had elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Some patients showed decreased serum complement levels, and a small number of patients exhibited eosinophilia and secondary erythrocytosis. Diagnosis of this disease, in addition to the aforementioned laboratory tests, also includes bronchoalveolar lavage, where neutrophils and macrophages were found in the lavage fluid, sometimes with eosinophils present; in a few patients, lymphocytosis was observed.

Since the cause of this disease remains unclear, it is known only that it is an autoimmune disorder. Current treatment primarily relies on hormones, with antibiotics sometimes added as needed. Among the three formulas mentioned earlier, one formula—Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, Xie Bai San, Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang, Xiao Qing Long Tang—was designed to relieve cough, clear heat, eliminate phlegm, and calm asthma; it is indeed a method of treating symptoms in acute cases. Another formula—Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang, Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang, San Zi Yang Qin Tang, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang—was formulated to address both the symptoms and root causes of the disease. Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang and Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang are classic formulas for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness; modern Chinese-Western medical research suggests that these formulas may regulate autoimmune responses, making them suitable for clinical applications in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and chronic nephritis. The third formula—Mai Wei Di Huang Tang, Tao Hong Si Wu Tang—was formulated to treat the root cause of the disease. Since patients with severe respiratory distress often lack the ability to inhale, Mai Wei Di Huang is the preferred choice for replenishing lung qi. For patients with interstitial fibrosis and hardening, heavy formulas that promote blood circulation and resolve blood stasis are not appropriate; therefore, Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, combined with Han San Qi and Leeches, was chosen.

A Conversation About Sheng Yu Dan

Sheng Yu Dan was created to bring relief to tuberculosis patients. This formula is effective for treating various types of tuberculosis, especially chronic fibrotic pulmonary tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis. I have tried and tested this formula many times over the past 40 years—and now I am old! This formula should be passed down to future generations to benefit society.

The original formula of Sheng Yu Dan included: Jiang Chong, Quan Xie, Wugong, Shou Gong, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Xiong Huang. First, cut a large radish in half, hollow out the center and fill it with powdered Xiong Huang. Tie the radish with string, steam it until cooked, remove the Xiong Huang, and let it dry in the shade. Grind all the remaining herbs into powder, sift them through a sieve, then mix them thoroughly with the Xiong Huang. Pack the mixture into 0.25g capsules, taking 3–4 capsules per dose, three times a day after meals, diluted with warm water. 20th century 1960s: Yu Ren served as the director of the Department of Internal Medicine at Tianshui Regional Hospital, overseeing the tuberculosis ward. At that time, many patients suffered from chronic fibrotic cavitated pulmonary tuberculosis, often presenting with high fever, frequent hemoptysis, severe weight loss, poor appetite, and cachexia. Most lesions were scattered, affecting both lungs; surgical treatment was not yet appropriate. The patient had been treated for years with anti-tuberculosis drugs and artificial pneumothorax, but without significant success. After six months of medication, most patients showed marked improvement, with some achieving complete recovery.

In the 1970s, Yu was transferred to the Ganquan Commune Health Center in Tianshui County. Tuberculosis was prevalent in the area, with a large number of patients suffering from chronic fibrotic cavitated pulmonary tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis. However, due to the difficult rural economy, anti-tuberculosis medications were often unavailable for systematic and regular use, making it difficult to control the disease. In villages such as Mengjiashan and Shilegou, there were over 50 tuberculosis patients. In addition to prescribing isoniazid—though it was relatively inexpensive at the time—Yu encouraged the patients to find their own remedies, including silkworms, scorpions, centipedes, and geckos. As the local area was part of the Xiaolongshan Forest Region, characterized by cold temperatures, humidity, and harsh conditions, these four herbs were readily available locally. Local villagers had a long-standing tradition of raising silkworms, making silkworms easy to obtain; geckos were commonly known locally as “bi hu,” found all over the region. However, Cordyceps sinensis was a rare and precious medicinal ingredient—its scarcity made it even more valuable. Yu only prescribed realgar, which was not expensive. Many villagers could easily prepare a dose of Shengyu Dan for a small fee. Yu advised them to take it regularly; after about a year, when Yu traveled to Lanzhou, he visited Mengjiashan and Shijia Gou a few days before his departure. He found that most of the tuberculosis patients in these two villages had regained their health, with strong physiques. The pale, thin, and frail appearance they had shown a year earlier had disappeared. Unfortunately, due to limited resources, Yu did not conduct any further examinations on the patients or leave behind any medical records. It was during the height of the Cultural Revolution, when China was in chaos, and scientific research and cultural journals were largely suspended. Yu himself was labeled a “reactionary scholar” and one of the “black five categories.” His transfer for re-education was already inevitable—what was left to hope for?

In the 1980s, Yu instructed the Lanzhou Chinese Medicine Factory to produce Shengyu Dan capsules through strict manufacturing processes, which were widely used in outpatient and inpatient settings, yielding excellent results. The following are some typical cases:

Typical Cases

1. Wang, a 26-year-old woman from Tongwei County, Gansu Province, had suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis for more than ten years. She had experienced recurrent hemoptysis, weight loss, anemia, and extreme emaciation. Chest X-rays revealed scattered patchy shadows in the upper and middle lobes of both lungs; a large, confluent shadow in the left upper lobe contained several thick-walled, round cavities. Her ESR was 26 mm/h, and her hemoglobin level was 8 g/L. After taking three Shengyu Dan tablets three times daily for two months, her symptoms improved significantly. Her complexion began to brighten, her appetite returned, and her physical strength recovered. The chest X-rays showed that the lesions in the upper and middle lobes of both lungs had begun to resolve and calcify; the large lesion in the left upper lobe had mostly absorbed, with no cavities remaining.

2. Li, a 32-year-old woman from Gangu County, Gansu Province, had previously suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis but had since recovered after undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment. In the past six months, she began experiencing lower back pain, which was later confirmed by X-ray as lumbar tuberculosis. Over the past three months, a lump had developed in her left lower back, soft to the touch, with a fluctuating sensation. The diagnosis was lumbar tuberculosis complicated by a cold abscess. Li took three Shengyu Dan tablets daily, three times a day, mixed with warm water after meals. Two months later, upon her second visit, she reported that after taking the medication, the abscess had ruptured the previous day, draining about 100 ml of rice-like pus. Li felt her lower back pain subside, her overall condition improved, and she felt relieved. She continued taking the medication, and the amount of pus drained each day decreased. When Yu examined her skin, he noticed a 2 cm × 2 cm sinus tract in her lower back, from which a small amount of purulent discharge flowed. Using tweezers, Yu opened the sinus tract and discovered that it extended directly into the lumbar vertebrae, where white bone structures were clearly visible. Yu increased the dosage of Shengyu Dan to four tablets three times a day, while also prescribing a herbal decoction: 10 g of ephedra, 10 g of deer antler glue (melted), 10 g of white mustard seeds, 12 g of prepared rehmannia root, 3 g of cinnamon, 30 g of astragalus, 10 g of angelica sinensis, 3 g each of processed rhizoma coptidis and ophiopogon japonicus, 10 g of acanthopanax senticosus, and 10 g of pangolin scales, all decocted in water and taken once daily. After ten doses of the medicine, Li’s third visit showed that she felt well, her complexion had regained its healthy redness, and the sinus tract was nearly healed, with no further discharge. Yu advised her to continue taking Shengyu Dan. Six months later, when Li returned for a follow-up examination, everything was normal, and chest X-rays showed that the lumbar tuberculosis had healed.

Hemiplegia and Aphasia Caused by Cerebral Infarction

The term “cerebral thrombosis,” which has become more commonly known as “cerebral infarction,” has been replaced in clinical practice by the term “cerebral infarction” since the advent of computed tomography (CT). This condition is a natural consequence of cerebral arterial sclerosis. Clinically, it is characterized by insidious onset, hemiplegia, and systolic blood pressure exceeding 12 kPa (90 mmHg). This condition typically develops in the later stages of cerebral arterial sclerosis, when the arteries gradually narrow due to atherosclerosis, leading to insufficient blood supply to brain tissue. Over time, this can result in brain tissue atrophy; in severe cases, the blood vessels may become completely blocked, causing a cerebral infarction. The clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction vary depending on the location of the infarction. Common sites include the carotid artery siphon and the middle cerebral artery; infarctions in these areas account for approximately 70% of all cerebral infarctions, followed by the anterior cerebral artery, basilar artery, vertebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery. Infarctions in the carotid artery siphon often present with contralateral hemiplegia; if there is damage to the left hemisphere, speech disorders and aphasia may occur; damage to the right hemisphere may cause diplopia. Infarctions in the basilar artery trunk can lead to quadriplegia, medullary paralysis, and deep coma—a life-threatening condition; vertebral artery infarctions often result in dizziness, accompanied by episodic ear-related vertigo. In the autumn of 1995, Director Zhao Yangting of the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Commission introduced a case of a patient who had suffered a left-brain infarction and aphasia for half a month, despite trying numerous medications without success. That same winter, Mr. Ling Gong, a former principal of Wushan County Middle School, also suffered from left-brain infarction and aphasia for several months, again without relief. After treating these two patients, Yu prescribed a traditional Chinese medicine formula called “Dark Sweat,” modified with Dihuang Yinzi: 12 g of rehmannia root, 6 g of cornelian cherry, 10 g of Chinese yam, 10 g of ophiopogon, 6 g of schisandra, 10 g of cypress bark, 6 g of ligusticum chuanxiong, 10 g of polygonum cuspidatum, 6 g of alisma, 6 g of polygala, 6 g of peppermint, 6 g of fresh ginger, 4 red dates, 10 g of peony root, 10 g of chuanxiong, 6 g of safflower, 10 g of agarwood, 20 g of salvia miltiorrhiza, 3 g of Sanqi (split and brewed), and 10 g of leeches, all decocted in water and taken once daily. After ten doses, both patients showed noticeable improvements. Some of the patients were able to recover enough to speak simple sentences, while others fully recovered, their speech returning to normal.

Note: Dihuang Yinzi is a formula originally developed by Liu Wanshu in “Xuanming Lun,” and it was specifically designed for “dark sweat.”

**What is “dark sweat”? It refers to aphasia caused by wind-induced sweat. Patients who suffer from stroke experience facial paralysis, inability to speak, and weakness in the legs—but these symptoms are often associated with a deficiency of Shaoyin Qi, which is why it’s called “wind sweat.” Recent reports have shown that this formula can be effective in treating hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, central retinal inflammation, cerebral infarction, post-hemorrhagic sequelae, senile dementia, and infertility. The ingredients in Dihuang Yinzi—rehmannia root and cornelian cherry—have dual effects on regulating cortical function, and they can also increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, thereby clearing free radicals from brain tissue. Free radicals are harmful byproducts of cellular oxidation metabolism in the body; their elimination is closely linked to boosting immunity, combating aging, and enhancing cellular nutrition. Cinnamon, cypress bark, polygonum cuspidatum, and other herbs are potent tonics for yang energy and kidney-yang, and according to research conducted by Professors Yin Ziyun and Wang Wenjian of Shanghai, the true mechanism behind these tonics lies in their ability to regulate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal cortex axis. Based on the regulation of cortical functions, the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, Yu added ingredients like peony root, chuanxiong, safflower, agarwood, salvia miltiorrhiza, Sanqi, and leeches to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, ensuring that blood flow in the brain’s vessels was restored. The formula emphasizes the regulation of brain tissue function while also focusing on opening up local blood vessels; long-term use often leads to satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.

Most patients with cerebral infarction experience hemiplegia, diplopia, numbness in the limbs—but only infarctions in the left internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery can cause aphasia, rendering patients unable to speak. These conditions place the greatest psychological burden on patients, so they should receive focused treatment; otherwise, the condition may rapidly worsen.

Premature Menopause in Women and Erectile Dysfunction in Men

Premature menopause in women refers to a decrease in menstrual cycles or early menopause, when estrogen levels fall below normal levels. Erectile dysfunction in men refers to reduced sexual function in men of reproductive age—when the genitals fail to achieve an erection, making normal intercourse difficult. In both cases, the common feature is premature decline in sexual function. According to “Suwen: The Heavenly Principles of Ancient Times,” “In women, at the age of 27, the Tian Gui arrives; the Ren Mai becomes open, the Taichong Mai flourishes, and menstruation occurs on schedule… By the age of 77, the Ren Mai becomes deficient, the Taichong Mai declines, and the Tian Gui is exhausted.” This passage indicates that women between the ages of 14 and 49 are in the fertile period of their lives; if their menstrual cycles gradually decrease or stop, it signifies ovarian failure. Typically, women over 40 experience decreasing menstrual cycles, though many do not consider this a sign of premature menopause, instead referring to it as perimenopause. In recent years, however, due to factors such as induced abortions, medical abortions, late marriage, late childbirth, and other reasons, many women of childbearing age begin to experience decreasing menstrual cycles—or even menopause—before the age of 40. These women are particularly susceptible to premature menopause and should undergo treatment. Erectile dysfunction in men can occur in any man of reproductive age who has been married; frequent sexual intercourse, masturbation, mental stress, heavy physical labor, hunger, or serious illnesses can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. The essence of male erectile dysfunction is sexual dysfunction; mild cases may involve premature ejaculation, while severe cases may result in complete impotence. A man who experiences erectile dysfunction cannot achieve an erection during intercourse. According to “Suwen: The Heavenly Principles of Ancient Times,” “In men, at the age of 28, kidney qi becomes abundant, the Tian Gui arrives… By the age of 78, kidney qi begins to decline.” This passage suggests that men between the ages of 16 and 56 are in the fertile period of their lives; in this stage, delayed ejaculation is often considered erectile dysfunction. However, for those who are diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, especially men under 50 who are already married, prompt treatment is essential.

Western medical treatments for these conditions often rely on hormone replacement therapy, which provides only temporary relief. While estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapies were once popular around the world, they have recently come under scrutiny from many scholars. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that these therapies can lead to cardiovascular complications and various adverse side effects. Similarly, many medications like Viagra, which are used to treat male erectile dysfunction, have also been associated with numerous complications. Given this, medical professionals remain cautious about using Western medications to treat these conditions. I have spent many years in clinical practice, accumulating considerable experience in treating these conditions.

I. Erectile Dysfunction in Men

The following formulas are commonly used:

① Huangshan Compound: 20 g of astragalus, 10 g of Chinese yam, 10 g of epimedium, 3 g of cinnamon, 10 g of dried Chinese herb, 3 g of schisandra, 10 g of cordyceps, 10 g of morinda, 10 g of deer antler glue (melted), 10 g of goji berries, 10 g of angelica sinensis, 10 g of dodder seed, 10 g of polygonum cuspidatum, all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula primarily focuses on replenishing qi and blood with astragalus and angelica sinensis; removing zhī and bai from the Er Xian Tang formula, along with ingredients like wu, po, shan, gui, da, and others that help consolidate essence, deer antler glue is a powerful tonic for yang energy and essence. Together, these ingredients strengthen both essence and blood, filling qi and yang, and enabling erections! This formula is suitable for elderly patients whose qi, blood, and yin are all deficient.

② Er Xian Compound: 10 g of cordyceps, 10 g of epimedium, 10 g of deer antler glue, 10 g of lockyang, 10 g of dodder seed, 12 g of rehmannia root, 10 g of cornelian cherry, 10 g of Chinese yam, 12 g of peony root, 10 g of poria, 10 g of alisma, 20 g of yangqi stone, 10 g of cordyceps, all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula is based on the Liu Wei Tang formula, combining powerful tonics for yang energy and sexual function; the amount of ingredients that help consolidate essence is slightly less than in the previous formula, making it suitable for young patients who are not yet physically weakened.

③ Gui Jia Wei Tang Compound: 12 g of rehmannia root, 6 g of cornelian cherry, 10 g of Chinese yam, 10 g of peony root, 10 g of poria, 10 g of alisma, 12 g of rehmannia root, 10 g of red peony root, 10 g of peach kernel, 3 g of safflower, 3 g of Sanqi (split and brewed), 10 g of leech powder (split and brewed), 3 g of deer antler, 10 g of dodder seed, 10 g of black nightshade, 10 g of goji berries, 10 g of schisandra, 10 g of sandwort, all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula uses Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan as its main component, combined with Bao Yuan and Wu Zi, focusing on strengthening yang energy; it is suitable for patients who have recently developed erectile dysfunction.

II. Premature Menopause in Women

The following formulas are commonly used:

① Gui Zhi Fuling Wan Compound: 10 g of cinnamon, 12 g of poria, 15 g of white peony root, 10 g of peony root, 10 g of peach kernel, 10 g of angelica sinensis, 12 g of rehmannia root, 6 g of chuanxiong, 3 g of safflower, 3 g of Sanqi (split and brewed), 10 g of leech powder (split and brewed), all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula is suitable for young to middle-aged women with strong constitutions; it combines Gui Zhi Fuling Wan with Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, adding Sanqi and leeches to enhance blood circulation and remove blood stasis.

② Wen Jing Tang Compound: 10 g of ginseng, 10 g of cinnamon, 10 g of gelatinized collagen, 10 g of ophiopogon, 10 g of wu yu, 10 g of angelica sinensis, 6 g of chuanxiong, 12 g of rehmannia root, 10 g of red peony root, 10 g of peach kernel, 3 g of safflower, 10 g of hemp seeds, 6 g of dry ginger, 4 red dates, 6 g of roasted licorice, 6 g of fragrant grass, 15 g of motherwort, all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula is suitable for young and middle-aged women of childbearing age who experience light menstrual flow, delayed periods, or even menopause; it combines the Wen Jing Tang formula with Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, offering both blood circulation and blood removal benefits, but its primary role is to warm the uterus and dispel cold.

③ Dan Zhi Xiao Yang San Compound: 10 g of angelica sinensis, 10 g of white atractylodes, 10 g of white peony root, 12 g of poria, 10 g of bupleurum, 6 g of fresh ginger, 3 g of peppermint, 12 g of rehmannia root, 10 g of cornelian cherry, 10 g of peach kernel, 3 g of safflower, 10 g of hemp seeds, 6 g of dry ginger, 4 red dates, all decocted in water and taken once daily. This formula is suitable for middle-aged women who experience decreased libido and earlier-than-normal menstrual cycles. By using Dan Zhi Xiao Yang San, Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan, and Gui Zhi Fuling Wan compound, the formula aims to enhance endocrine function and boost estrogen secretion. Deer antler, a key ingredient in this formula, contains both androgens and estrogens—while it is used to treat male erectile dysfunction, it can also help address female premature menopause. Moreover, deer antler has a clear positive impact on the cardiovascular system and the bone marrow’s hematopoietic system; it can also uplift spirits, reduce fatigue, and activate superoxide dismutase to clear free radicals from the body. For these reasons, deer antler is one of the most promising anti-aging agents. Leeches are the dried bodies of leeches from the Hirudinea family, a powerful remedy for breaking up blood stasis and removing blood; traditionally used to treat masses, bruises, blood clots, women’s blood stagnation, and amenorrhea. Recent experimental studies have shown that leech extracts are effective in treating hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions characterized by blood stasis. Some domestic researchers have used 100 g of deer antler, 100 g of leeches, and 100 g of licorice, ground into fine powder, and taken 6 g each time, three times daily, mixed with warm water. This formula was used to treat male infertility and cases where sperm motility fell below 50%, with satisfactory results. Through years of experience, I have used leeches as a fine powder and packaged them in capsules, which proved highly effective in treating male erectile dysfunction. In the winter of 1997, Sun, a driver, suffered from erectile dysfunction and tried numerous medications without success. He took 2 leech capsules each time (0.25 g capsules), twice daily, and after 3 days, his erections returned to normal. He decided to test whether the drug would have long-term effects, and stopped taking it after 3 days. However, his erections remained firm and stable, and he never experienced erectile dysfunction again—his sexual life had not declined for over 10 years.

When treating male erectile dysfunction and female premature menopause, Shengbao Dan can be used simultaneously; a course usually lasts 3 months. The herbal decoctions differ for men and women, and the traditional Chinese medicine formulas listed above—specifically for male erectile dysfunction and female premature menopause—are chosen based on individual syndrome differentiation.

According to my experience, in addition to taking Shengbao Dan and herbal decoctions, maintaining a positive mindset and engaging in appropriate physical exercise are also crucial components of treatment. I have encountered many patients who recovered from these conditions thanks to harmonious marital relationships, career advancements, and improved living conditions.

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Three Cases of Lung Infection Misdiagnosed as Lung Cancer

Mr. Dong Yonghe, former head of the Tianshui Public Security Bureau, a 70-year-old man and a close friend of mine, contracted a viral infection in the spring of 1995. He experienced chills, fever, cough, and expectoration, with blood in his sputum and chest tightness and shortness of breath. A chest X-ray at the Tianshui County People’s Hospital revealed a 4 cm × 5 cm patchy shadow in the right lung hilum, leading to a diagnosis of right lung cancer. He underwent antibiotic and chemotherapy treatment, but the condition did not improve. After coming to Lanzhou, he sought my advice. Upon reviewing the X-ray, I noted that the shadow’s density, lobulation, and spicules were not very typical. I suggested that he first be hospitalized, where he received high-dose antibiotics while continuing observation. Additionally, he was treated with Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang combined with Xie Bai San, Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang, and Wu Wei Du Xiang Yin with fish mint as an adjunct. After two weeks, his temperature dropped, the hemoptysis subsided, his mental state improved significantly, and his appetite increased. One month later, his cough and sputum had noticeably decreased, his appetite had greatly improved, and his weight had increased. A chest X-ray showed that the lung shadow had completely resolved, and he was declared cured.

Mr. Wang Hong’en, director of the Jingtai Irrigation District, a 60-year-old man, discovered a 4 cm × 4 cm shadow on his right lung during a routine health checkup in 1996. He had originally planned to travel to the United States for a study tour within a month, but the discovery of this shadow left him feeling utterly uncertain. The local hospital initially diagnosed him with lung cancer, and he underwent bronchoscopy, but because the lesion was located far from the lung hilum, a biopsy could not be performed. He came to Lanzhou seeking my advice. After carefully examining his condition, I learned that he had suffered from multiple colds and coughs in the past six months, and he had been receiving intravenous medication at his workplace. Examining the X-ray, I noted that although the shadow in his right lung was relatively large, it did not show obvious lobulation, and its surrounding edges were relatively smooth; the entire shadow appeared rather dense. The diagnosis was inflammatory pseudotumor? He was treated with antibiotics first, then took traditional Chinese medicine—Suo Xing San combined with peach kernel, safflower, three-edged rhizome, curcuma, Sanqi, and leeches. After two months of treatment, the shadow had completely disappeared, and the patient was discharged cured, returning to the U.S. for his study tour as scheduled.

Mr. Li Fuxiong, a 64-year-old man and a former classmate of mine from Xi’an Medical University, was admitted to Lanzhou Army General Hospital in March 1996 due to a cough and sticky phlegm. A chest X-ray at the hospital showed a relatively dense shadow measuring 4 cm × 6 cm in the upper lobe of his right lung; a CT scan also revealed the same shadow. He was diagnosed with right lung cancer. After being hospitalized for more than two months, he was repeatedly recommended for surgery, but due to objections from his family, he turned to me for treatment. Mr. Li’s face was pale and emaciated, he frequently coughed, and he experienced chest tightness and shortness of breath. Ten years earlier, he had developed diabetes and had been managing it with insulin for many years. After being admitted to our hospital, he adopted a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, using high-dose antibiotics as a foundation, alongside traditional Chinese medicine: 10 g of Suyè, 10 g of almond, 6 g of Pinellia, 6 g of tangerine peel, 12 g of Poria, 10 g of Citrus aurantium, 20 g of Platycodon grandiflorus, 15 g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 15 g of Radix Rehmanniae, 15 g of Peucedanum praeruptorum, 10 g of Ephedra, 30 g of raw gypsum, 20 g of Honeysuckle, 20 g of Forsythia, 6 g of fresh ginger, 4 red dates—all decocted in water and taken once daily. After two months of treatment, his symptoms had completely disappeared, the shadow on his X-ray was gone, and the CT scan showed no further abnormalities except for coarse lung markings. Mr. Li was discharged cured. Task Output Rules:

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Input: Key Points:

• The three patients mentioned above were initially misdiagnosed with lung cancer due to the presence of dense shadows in their lungs, which did not respond to antibiotic treatment alone. One patient presented with high fever, chills, chest tightness, and hemoptysis; at the onset of the disease, the symptoms were indistinguishable from those of lobar pneumonia. However, because the disease had persisted for a long time and antibiotic therapy was ineffective, it could be ruled out. The patient had previously received irregular low-dose chemotherapy at the county hospital. After coming to Lanzhou, the patient underwent anti-inflammatory treatments and traditional Chinese medicine, which gradually led to improvement and allowed for a clinical diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor. Two patients were asymptomatic, feeling perfectly normal, and only discovered a pulmonary lesion during a routine health check-up. Through anti-inflammatory therapies, combined with traditional Chinese medicine that focused on clearing heat, dispersing lung qi, resolving phlegm, and promoting blood circulation to remove stasis, they recovered. The final diagnosis for these two patients was also considered "inflammatory pseudotumor." Three patients had a long history of diabetes, and their lung conditions were affected by the disease.

In cases where the condition is located in the upper right quadrant, tuberculosis should be considered; however, the patients never exhibited any symptoms of tuberculosis, and since the tuberculin test was negative, tuberculosis was ruled out. Ultimately, the patients were treated with antibiotics and traditional Chinese medicine—specifically, Su Xing San with modifications—for two months, leading to recovery. The final diagnosis was “inflammatory pseudotumor.”

All three patients who were initially misdiagnosed with lung cancer were ultimately diagnosed with inflammatory pseudotumor. This indicates that inflammatory pseudotumors are not uncommon. These three patients were all elderly individuals with relatively weakened immune systems. Recurrent lung and bronchial infections can lead to the formation of localized masses characterized by fibrous tissue proliferation combined with inflammatory exudation. Such masses tend to have a higher density and, in terms of imaging and sonography, can easily be confused with tumors (cancers). These conditions cause significant suffering for patients, generate panic among family members, and create an illusion among doctors that “cancer has been cured through treatment.” In clinical practice, we have observed that this condition typically occurs in elderly individuals with a history of recurrent colds and lung infections, where antibiotic treatment alone often proves slow or ineffective. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with antibiotics is the most ideal treatment approach for this condition.

Traditional Chinese medicine often begins with Su Xing San as the first-line treatment; if there are still symptoms of cold or heat, Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang is prescribed. If no such symptoms are present, herbs like Han San Qi and Shui Zhi are used to promote blood circulation and resolve stasis. Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin is considered a mandatory choice.

Review of Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is one of the most widespread and longest-lasting infectious diseases in the world, particularly prevalent in developing countries such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America, severely impacting people’s lives and health. Although research on the pathogens causing viral hepatitis has been ongoing for nearly a century, significant progress has only been made over the past 30 years, largely thanks to the development and mutual integration of modern molecular biology, molecular immunology, and cell biology. To date, viral hepatitis is classified into five categories—A, B, C, D, E, and G—based on the biological characteristics of the viruses, their clinical features, and their patterns of transmission. These categories are also referred to as A, B, C, D, E, and G. In 1997, a new viral hepatitis virus, TTV, was reported to be associated with transfusion-transmitted infection, though its role remains under further investigation.

I. Hepatitis A (HA)

Research on HA began in the 1940s. In 1967, Deinhard first isolated HAV, and in 1973, Feinstone conducted electron microscope observations on HAV cultured from patient feces, confirming that the virus had a diameter of 27–30 nm. The clinical onset of HA is characterized by jaundice, fever, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, discomfort in the liver region, and liver function impairment, with pronounced infectivity. It is commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and impoverished living conditions, primarily transmitted via the digestive tract. The detection rate of anti-HA antibodies in African populations reaches as high as 90%; in China, the rate ranges from 50% to 70%. There was a noticeable increase in the 1980s, with rural areas having higher rates than urban areas; large cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin recorded lower detection rates. The peak season for HA is autumn, with distinct epidemic cycles lasting 2–3 years, followed by intervals of 5–9 years. The disease typically lasts 1–2 months, with a very low mortality rate. With supportive care and hepatoprotective treatments, most patients recover completely. Although highly contagious, the disease poses little threat to the general population. Local outbreaks occurred in China during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, but starting in the 1990s, only isolated cases were reported. This trend is closely linked to the government’s extensive efforts to manage water sources, sewage, and human waste, provide safe cooked food, and improve social infrastructure related to public health.

The specific diagnosis of Hepatitis A relies on the detection of anti-HAV antibodies. Currently, two indicators—anti-HAV-IgA and anti-HAV-IgM—are available for diagnosing Hepatitis A. These markers can confirm the diagnosis early in the course of the disease, and as the disease progresses, the antibody titers continue to rise.

Treatment for Hepatitis A generally does not recommend antiviral therapy. This disease is self-limiting, with a favorable prognosis; patients only need rest, hepatoprotection, and symptomatic treatment, and most cases recover fully. Long-term immunity can also be achieved. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies have played a prominent role in treating Hepatitis A, and are currently recognized as the preferred treatment options. They are highly effective in alleviating jaundice and protecting the liver, often significantly shortening the treatment duration, reducing patient suffering, and promoting faster recovery. Based on more than 40 years of clinical experience, I believe that the basic pattern of TCM diagnosis for Hepatitis A falls within the scope of Shaoyang syndrome in Shanghan, and the Xiaochaihu Tang is often used as the foundational formula, adjusted according to clinical differentiation. Since jaundice in the early stages of Hepatitis A often reflects internal heat and stagnation, Yin Chen, Zhizhi, and Da Huang are frequently added to the Chaihu Tang; to protect stomach qi, Banxia Xie Xin is used; when both heat and cold are present, Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin is employed. Once the jaundice subsides and the yellowing fades, the focus shifts to liver protection, with Qianggan Tang from the Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine being particularly effective.

II. Hepatitis C (HC)

In the 1970s, studies on post-transfusion liver disease revealed a viral particle that differed from both HBV and HAV. Initially, this particle was mistakenly grouped with HEV under the category of “non-A, non-B hepatitis.” In 1987, the WHO officially separated HC from HEV, concluding that HBV was primarily transmitted through blood transfusions, while HEV was mainly transmitted via the digestive tract. Consequently, HC was named Hepatitis C. In 1989, the International Liver Conference held in Rome highlighted that hepatitis C could not only be caused by blood transfusions; homosexual activity, drug use, and mental disorders—all conditions that alter the immune system—could also trigger the disease.

In 1978, Aeter et al. first established a study on HC infection in chimpanzees. Some researchers once believed that HCV was a retrovirus, but subsequent extensive research demonstrated that HCV was not a retrovirus but rather a contaminant in long-term cultured cells—a monkey foamy virus.

The incubation period after HCV infection is approximately 7–8 weeks, though some individuals experience an incubation period as long as 28 weeks or even up to over a year. Most patients with Hepatitis C exhibit no clinical symptoms; only about one-quarter of patients develop overt clinical signs. Common clinical manifestations include fatigue, loss of appetite, and fullness in the epigastric region; some patients may experience liver pain, tenderness upon palpation in the liver area, or percussion tenderness. Others may notice hepatomegaly and liver function impairment, with elevated transaminases being the most common finding. In summary, the vast majority of Hepatitis C patients remain asymptomatic. Among the aforementioned symptoms, “fatigue” appears in as many as 50% of cases, while the remaining symptoms occur in 15%–25% of patients. Although the clinical presentation of Hepatitis C is relatively mild, its greatest risk lies in its tendency to become chronic. At the International Hepatitis C Symposium held in Tokyo in September 1989, it was unanimously determined that the chronicity rate of Hepatitis C exceeded 50%, whereas the chronicity rate of Hepatitis B was only 5%–10%. According to international evidence-based statistics, among all CH patients, CHC accounted for 60%–70%; in China, CHB remained the most common form of CH, largely due to the higher incidence of Hepatitis B in China. Given the chronic nature of HC, this disease cannot be overlooked. Recent reports indicate that the natural cure rate for HC is only around 1%, with a poor prognosis. 20%–30% of patients progress to cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Histopathological examination confirms that approximately 50% of CH patients develop CAH after 11 years, with severe cases progressing to cirrhosis (LC) within 5–8 years. Japanese scholars tracked HC patients for 26 years; aside from one case where ALT returned to normal, all others continued to show abnormal values. Seven patients developed CHP, three developed CAH, four progressed to LC, five progressed to HCC, and one case was diagnosed with non-specific hepatitis.

Western medicine for Hepatitis C primarily recommends IFN therapy; currently, it is only confirmed that this medication can slow down or halt the progression from HC to LC. The standard clinical regimen involves 3 million units administered three times a week for a treatment duration of six months. Most scholars believe that a treatment period of just six months is insufficient, but extending the treatment for another 1–2 years raises concerns about the body’s tolerance to the medication.

Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies are effective for Hepatitis C, but they require long-term use. I have successfully treated multiple CHC cases using long-term administration of Yibei Suan and Yibei Kang, resulting in negative HCV-DNA levels and several years of follow-up without recurrence. These two medications are formulations I developed myself.

III. Hepatitis D (HD)

The earliest form of Hepatitis D was a subtype of Hepatitis B; at the time, the term “Hepatitis D” did not yet exist. In 1977, Rizzeto et al. detected a new antigen different from HBsAg in the nuclei of liver cells from Italian CHB patients using immunoelectron microscopy. This antigen was named delta antigen or delta factor. In 1980, researchers discovered that the delta factor isolated from laboratories possessed a complete viral particle structure. By 1984, it was internationally recognized as a separate pathogenic factor unrelated to Hepatitis B, and the term HDV was coined. HDV is a defective virus that requires assistance from hepatotropic viruses such as HBV to replicate and infect. The viral particles lack a nucleus or shell, with a diameter of 35–37 nm. HDV (Hepatitis D) typically does not infect individuals on its own; its infection depends on the assistance of HBsAg. Therefore, in regions where Hepatitis B is prevalent, Hepatitis D also becomes endemic. Hepatitis D is relatively rare in China, with an infection rate ranging from 1.6% to 10%. Small-scale outbreaks occurred in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and southwestern China. The incubation period for Hepatitis D is estimated to be 4–20 weeks. Because most cases of Hepatitis D arise from co-infection with Hepatitis B, known as overlapping infections, the clinical manifestations of Hepatitis D are identical to those of Hepatitis B—such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, chills and fever, jaundice, and pain in the liver region—but the disease tends to develop more rapidly than simple Hepatitis B, with more severe liver function damage, a relatively poorer prognosis, a higher degree of chronicity, and a higher mortality rate. In summary, HDV can exacerbate liver cell damage; patients infected with Hepatitis B who also contract Hepatitis D are not only more likely to experience severe illness but are also more prone to developing LC or HCC.

The diagnosis of Hepatitis D primarily relies on the detection of anti-HDV or HDV-RNA. Treatment is similar to that for Hepatitis B, focusing on liver protection and supportive care. Interferon therapy has shown some efficacy, but the cure rate is only 10%–15%, and the treatment is expensive. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies remain the preferred option, as this disease has not yet become endemic in Gansu Province; only sporadic cases have been identified, and experience is still limited. However, the principles, methods, formulas, and medications used in the diagnosis and treatment of Hepatitis D are broadly consistent with those for Hepatitis B.

IV. Hepatitis E (HE)

Before the 1970s, medical professionals widely recognized blood transfusions as one of the causes of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. In 1968, Goldfied et al. found that approximately 10% of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) did not have Hepatitis A or Hepatitis B; they cautiously labeled these patients as Non-A, Non-B, Non-C hepatitis (NANBH). In November 1987, the WHO classified NANBH into ET-NANBH, which was transmitted via the intestinal route, and PT-NANBH, which was transmitted via blood transfusion. At the International Liver Conference held in Tokyo in 1989, the former ET-NANBH—transmitted via the intestinal route—was renamed Hepatitis E (HE), while the latter PT-NANBH—transmitted via blood transfusion—was renamed Hepatitis C (HC). Hepatitis E belongs to the Caliciviridae family, representing the third subfamily of RNA viruses. HEV is unstable in the environment; acidic conditions, high salt concentrations, and cold temperatures can inhibit HEV activity, while alkaline environments offer better stability.

This disease is transmitted via water, hands, flies, and the digestive tract; both clinical and subclinical forms serve as major sources of infection. The incubation period is usually 2–6 weeks, with onset occurring between the ages of 20 and 40, more frequently in males than females. Clinical presentations often involve obvious symptoms, while subclinical cases may be asymptomatic. The primary symptoms include loss of appetite, aversion to fatty foods, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and joint pain; severe cases may present with jaundice, skin itching, rashes, and pain in the liver region, though fever is uncommon. The disease typically lasts 1–2 months, and patients with jaundice may experience prolonged illness. Diagnosis of HEV relies primarily on detecting HEV in feces; the detection rate can reach 100% in feces 1–14 days before symptom onset. Like Hepatitis A, HE is a self-limiting disease; similar to Hepatitis A, it can resolve spontaneously after 6 weeks of onset. This disease does not become chronic; once cured, lifelong immunity is achieved. However, a small number of patients may develop severe cases, with pregnant women experiencing more severe illness, potentially leading to miscarriage or stillbirth. The mortality rate for HE is around 10%. This disease has been prevalent in East Africa, South Asia, and North America. Regional outbreaks have occurred in places such as Beijing, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanghai, Hubei, and Xinjiang. Among them, Xinjiang experienced a major outbreak from 1986 to 1988, with a total of 119,280 patients. Treatment for HE is similar to that for Hepatitis A—supportive care, hepatoprotection, and symptomatic treatment—and traditional Chinese medicine has proven highly effective. Its diagnostic approach remains consistent with the principles of Shaoyang syndrome, Liver Wood controlling Earth, and internal heat accumulation, with the Xiaochaihu Tang as the first-line treatment.

V. Hepatitis G (HG)

In 1969, German scholars Dinhad et al. injected serum from a Hepatitis A patient into绒 monkeys, inducing the production of a viral particle that was neither Hepatitis A nor Hepatitis B nor Hepatitis C. This particle was successfully passaged repeatedly. In 1995, British physician Karayialznk detected the particle in the serum of the aforementioned绒 monkeys and conducted a series of studies, confirming that the particle possessed clear pathogenic properties. Internationally recognized by medical experts, the particle was named HGV, and the disease it caused was designated HG. HGV is a positive-sense RNA virus with a diameter of less than 100 nm. The detection rate of this virus in non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, and non-E populations ranged from 8% to 16.7% in China, while a survey in four counties in the United States showed a rate of 9%, and in West Africa, the rate reached 19.9%. The primary mode of transmission for this disease is bloodborne; blood transfusions, blood products, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, mother-to-child transmission, and organ transplantation are all routes of transmission.

HG is also known as cytomegalic hepatitis, predominantly affecting children, though it occasionally occurs in adults. Due to its mild clinical symptoms—patients often feel almost asymptomatic—59% of patients exhibit elevated ALT levels. Among patients with elevated ALT, 79% also have other hepatitis infections; HG alone rarely causes jaundice or hepatomegaly. For this reason, some people still question the pathogenicity of HGV.

VI. Hepatitis B (HB)

In 1963, American scholar Blumberg discovered the “Australian antigen.” In 1968, Japanese scholars Aake et al. established a connection between the Australian antigen and blood transfusions and hepatitis. Later, many scholars proved that the “Australian antigen” was not a nonspecific product shed from damaged liver cells, but rather a pathogenic factor with viral characteristics. In 1970, the Fourth International Liver Conference passed a resolution designating the Australian antigen as “Hepatitis-Related Antigen” (HAA). In September 1972, at the United Nations Conference on Viral Hepatitis, the conference decided to abandon the name “Hepatitis-Related Antigen,” instead adopting the name “Hepatitis B Antigen” (HBsAg).

Hepatitis B Antigen, also known as Hepatitis B Virus, is abbreviated as HBV. Many scholars have proven that HBsAg is found only in the cytoplasm of liver cells; in fact, it is the outer protein shell of the Hepatitis B virus, hence it is called the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. Additionally, HBsAg is also present in the nuclei of liver cells. In 1977, the World Health Organization’s Liver Disease Expert Committee officially published the names of Hepatitis B antigens and antibodies: HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAg, and HBcAb—commonly referred to as the “three-system” approach. However, due to the difficulty in detecting HBcAg, this antigen is not present in peripheral blood; it can only be detected in liver cells using immunoelectron microscopy. Typically, clinical institutions lack such equipment, so HBcAg is often absent, leading to the common term “two-and-a-half.”

1. HBsAg and HBsAb

HBsAg typically appears in patient serum several weeks before the onset of clinical symptoms in Hepatitis B; in some cases, it can be detected as early as 3 months after the onset of the disease. The appearance of this marker indicates that a patient is infected with Hepatitis B. The positivity rate for HBsAg in Hepatitis B is 100%; after 3 months, the rate drops to 25%, while those who tested negative 3 months earlier are considered to have acute Hepatitis B, indicating that the HBsAg positivity in acute Hepatitis B is transient. If HBsAg remains positive after six months, it suggests that the patient has progressed to Chronic Hepatitis P (CPH) or Chronic Hepatitis A (CAH). The level of HBsAg is generally not positively correlated with the severity of Hepatitis B, nor is it positively correlated with ALT levels. The appearance of HBsAb often indicates that HBsAg will turn negative; after long-term treatment, especially with effective traditional Chinese medicine, HBsAb can turn positive. This is an important indicator of Hepatitis B recovery. Healthy individuals who receive routine hepatitis B vaccinations often see HBsAb turn positive, reflecting the body’s production of antibodies against HBV and demonstrating the effectiveness of immunotherapies. Patients who test positive for HBsAg but do not undergo effective, long-term treatment and instead develop HBsAb independently often find HBsAb in 3–6 months after the onset of the disease; these patients can be diagnosed with acute Hepatitis B. Other scholars have reported that a transient positive conversion of HBsAb in cases of CAH or CPH is not necessarily an indication of recovery.

2. HBcAg and HBcAb

HBcAg can be detected in the nuclei of liver cells in Hepatitis B patients using specialized immunoelectron microscopy, though this detection requires the use of electron microscopy. Peripheral blood generally lacks this antigen, but antibodies against it—HBcAb—can be detected. Core antibodies appear in peripheral blood relatively quickly after infection with the Hepatitis B virus; most studies indicate that these antibodies appear about 1–2 months later than HBcAg, but they last for a longer duration. While HBsAg in acute Hepatitis B is transient, HBcAb persists for a long time, indicating that the virus is still present in small amounts. The hallmark of chronic carriage is persistent positive HBcAb, while all other markers have turned negative.

In summary, the presence of core antibodies (HBcAb) indicates that the body is carrying the virus. Although these antibodies are called “antibodies,” they do not provide protective effects and are not necessarily a sign of Hepatitis B recovery. Most studies suggest a positive correlation between HBcAb and HBV-DNA, and some studies also indicate a positive correlation between elevated transaminases and HBcAb.

3. HBeAg and HBeAb

HBeAg is an important and reliable indicator of active HBV replication; like HBV-DNA, it represents viral replication. However, HBV-DNA testing is more advanced and directly quantitative, making it more intuitive and reliable. The appearance of anti-HBe (HBeAb) indicates that HBV replication has slowed down or decreased; at this point, HBeAg typically turns negative, and this phenomenon is known as “small three-positive,” while the former is referred to as “large three-positive.” The so-called “large three-positive” actually refers to HBeAg-positive patients who are highly infectious and whose liver function is prone to damage; the “small three-positive” refers to HBeAg-negative patients who are less infectious or nearly non-infectious, with liver function that is less likely to be impaired.

4. HBV-DNA and HBV-DNA-P

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Input: HBV-DNA (Hepatitis B Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the fundamental component of the virus. The use of molecular biology blot hybridization techniques to detect HBV-DNA is one of the most advanced methods available today; recently, the application of cloning-based PCR testing has further enhanced its accuracy and sensitivity. A positive result for HBV-DNA indicates viral replication, and due to its extremely high sensitivity, it holds significant diagnostic value. Quantitative detection of HBV-DNA is even more clinically relevant: levels below 1×10³ are generally considered negative, while levels above 1×10³ are considered positive. Changes in quantitative results can be used to assess treatment efficacy, making HBV-DNA testing a crucial tool in clinical practice.

DNA-P (Hepatitis B Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase) is another indicator of viral replication. It is generally believed that this enzyme remains present in the body for a relatively short period—approximately 2–4 weeks in acute hepatitis B cases, but longer in chronic hepatitis B patients. Since this enzyme is not consistently detectable throughout the entire course of the disease, its significance is somewhat less than that of HBV-DNA.

PHSA-R (Polymerase Heparin-Specific Antigen Receptor) is a product of the pre-S region of the Hepatitis B virus genome and possesses antigenic properties. Its presence is positively correlated with e-antigen, HBV-DNA, and DNA-P. Due to the relatively simple requirements for clinical testing, PHSA-R can be widely adopted in primary healthcare settings.

5. Anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HBsAg IgM

Both anti-HBc IgM and anti-HBsAg IgM are responses of the body’s immune system against the virus and can reflect the level of viral replication within the body. A positive anti-HBc IgM test typically indicates an acute infection or a recent onset of acute hepatitis B, while the presence of anti-HBsAg IgM suggests that the patient may have developed chronic hepatitis B.

6. C-Pre Region Mutations and YMDD Mutations

During the course of treatment for hepatitis B, two types of mutations can occur. C-Pre region mutations often result in “small three-positive” status, where HBV-DNA levels are significantly elevated, indicating active viral replication. YMDD mutations, on the other hand, cause persistent elevations in ALT levels that fail to improve despite standard therapies and other specific treatments. These two conditions suggest refractory hepatitis B, with poor prognoses and a higher risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer.

There are three main routes of hepatitis B transmission:

① Mother-to-Child Transmission: This is a critical route of transmission, commonly referred to as vertical transmission, which includes blood-to-baby transmission and perinatal transmission. However, the root cause lies in genetic factors—not the infection itself with the hepatitis B virus, but rather the genetic predisposition to susceptibility. Individuals with a genetic predisposition are more likely to become infected with HBV. When both parents are hepatitis B carriers, their children may inherit this genetic susceptibility through various factors such as fetal blood and the birth canal, making them more susceptible to infection.

② Blood Transfusion or Contact Transmission: Also known as horizontal transmission, approximately 60–80% of infections are cleared by the body’s own immune response, while only 5–10% of infected individuals develop clinical symptoms. In summary, the prevalence of HBV infection in China reaches 50–80%, yet only about 5–12% of those infected develop clinical symptoms. This highlights the significant impact of individual susceptibility and immune clearance mechanisms on the development of hepatitis B.

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Review of Antiviral Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family of hepatotropic viruses. Currently, there are six well-known hepatotropic viruses: A, B, C, D, E, and G. Among these, hepatitis C and B are the most frequently associated with chronic infection. While hepatitis C tends to progress more severely and has a poorer prognosis than hepatitis B, it is still relatively rare in China compared to hepatitis B. Moreover, the country has placed greater emphasis on the production, use, and management of blood products and transfusions, leading to a steady decline in hepatitis C incidence. Despite this, the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in China remains high, with an infection rate of 50–70% among the general population. Some estimates suggest that the average infection rate is around 57.6%, meaning that over 100 million people have been exposed to the virus at some point in their lives. Each year, approximately 270,000 people die from diseases related to hepatitis B, making it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, antiviral treatment for hepatitis B—and especially for chronic hepatitis B—is a pressing priority for medical professionals.

Complete cure of hepatitis B is challenging, as HBV enters the liver, where its outer shell (HBsAg) fuses with the hepatocyte membrane, and HBV DNA enters the cytoplasm before eventually relocating into the nucleus, where it transforms intocccDNA. cccDNA serves as a template for hepatitis B virus replication, allowing the virus to continuously produce mRNA, which then leads to the synthesis of e-antigen, core antigen, and surface antigen in the cytoplasm. Because cccDNA has a long half-life—almost equal to the lifespan of hepatocytes—the process of cell division and replication also introduces cccDNA into daughter cells. To date, no drug has been able to eliminate the existence of cccDNA templates. As long as cccDNA persists, it can continuously release large amounts of HBeAg, HBcAg, and HBsAg. Beyond infecting hepatocytes, cccDNA can also affect cells in other peripheral organs, particularly mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, thereby inducing immune tolerance. Yet, as time goes on, cccDNA continues to mutate, evading immune clearance. Common mutations occur in the pre-C region and the C region of the HBV genome, known as pre-C region mutations. Patients with these mutations often exhibit “small three-positive” status, yet their cccDNA remains highly active, with ongoing viral replication and high HBV levels—increasing the likelihood of chronic infection and cancerous transformation. These mutations are often resistant to conventional treatments. Another type of mutation occurs in the YMDD region of the HBV genome. This mutation is characterized by persistently elevated ALT levels, resistance to standard therapies, and the absence of viral rebound even after treatment. Such patients often develop chronic infections and cancerous lesions.

These characteristics of hepatitis B contribute to its difficulty in treatment. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, their effectiveness remains limited.

1. Alpha Interferon

3 million units administered three times a week for 24 weeks constitutes one treatment cycle, followed by a second cycle after 48 weeks. The HBsAg conversion rate is only 10–12%, while the HBeAg conversion rate is around 40%.

2. Pegylated Interferon

This product combines pegylated interferon with alpha-interferon, offering a slower release profile and a longer half-life, which enhances treatment efficacy. Administered via intramuscular injection once a week, it significantly reduces the discomfort associated with injections. Currently, there are two commercial formulations available in China: Pailixin and Pelengn. Pailixin consists of a 40 kDa pegylated polymer and alpha-interferon 2a, typically administered at 180 μg once weekly, resulting in a 33% HBsAg conversion rate after 24 weeks. This medication demonstrates a 23% improvement in efficacy compared to conventional interferon therapy. Pelengn is a linear combination of pegylated interferon, offering similar therapeutic benefits to Pailixin.

3. Lamivudine

Lamivudine is an emerging antiviral agent for hepatitis B treatment. Preliminary data indicate that a 48-week treatment regimen, with 100 mg taken once daily, resulted in a 22% HBcAg conversion rate. For patients with YMDD mutations, the conversion rate was only 10%. Oral administration of this medication for one year yielded comparable HBsAg conversion rates to those achieved with conventional alpha-interferon, ranging from 10% to 12%.

4. Adefovir Dipivoxil

A new generation of antiviral drugs for hepatitis B treatment, this medication has shown promising results in early trials. A 48-week treatment regimen with 100 mg taken once daily demonstrated a significant difference compared to the control group treated with Lamivudine. A study lasting 98 weeks found that 70% of patients experienced HBsAg conversion, with 79% showing improvements in liver biopsy findings and notable reductions in ALT levels compared to standard therapies. The drug is currently undergoing clinical trials abroad, and China is also conducting research on its development. If production begins soon, it could benefit many people.

5. Other medications for treating hepatitis B include glycyrrhizin, Ganli Xin, oxidized matrine, and traditional Chinese medicine preparations like “Ant” formulations, though their efficacy often lags behind that of alpha-interferon. Additionally, there are nucleoside analogs such as acyclovir, which also show lower efficacy compared to alpha-interferon.

6. Traditional Chinese medicine offers a rich array of treatments for hepatitis B, though outcomes vary greatly between regions. Some practitioners engage in fraudulent practices, deceiving patients and seeking financial gain. Promotions claiming “100% surface antigen conversion” have emerged in society, impacting the reputation of traditional Chinese medicine for hepatitis B. After more than 20 years of experience treating hepatitis B, I developed pure traditional Chinese medicine formulations for hepatitis B: Hepatitis B No. 2 and Hepatitis B Kang. The former is a granular powder, while the latter is a honey pill, both easy to take and convenient to carry. Given that treating hepatitis B is a long-term, systematic endeavor, these formulations can be taken over an extended period. Over the past 20 years, we have treated more than 100,000 patients with hepatitis B, including roughly 3,000 cases with detailed medical records. Among these patients, over 1,000 continued taking the medications for more than a year. Out of the 1,000 patients, 207 showed surface antigen conversion, representing 20.7%; 402 patients experienced e-antigen conversion, accounting for 40.2%. Patients can take these powders and pills as prescribed, but when liver function is significantly impaired, or when patients experience severe pain in the liver area or other prominent symptoms, they may also benefit from traditional Chinese medicine decoctions. I often employed formulas like Xiao Chai Hu, Dan Zhi Xiao Yang San, Qiang Gan Tang, Yi Gui Tong Yuan Yin, Gui Pi, and Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang, adjusting the prescriptions based on individual syndromes to achieve optimal therapeutic effects.

Myasthenia Gravis and Polyneuritis

Both conditions can lead to weakness or mild paralysis in one or more limbs, or to mild to severe impairment of limb movement. Clinically, these conditions are often confused due to their similar symptoms. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the neuromuscular junction. Before the onset of the disease, skeletal muscles often exhibit prolonged weakness and abnormality, severely impacting voluntary movements. Some patients may develop severe, progressive muscle atrophy. The most common sites of onset include facial muscles (affecting speech, chewing, smiling, and biting), muscles surrounding the eyes (impacting eye movement, double vision, and strabismus), tongue muscles (affecting mouth and nose, speech), shoulder muscles (affecting upper limb movement), pelvic muscles (affecting lower limb movement), as well as muscles in the arms and legs, such as the triceps and quadriceps. In addition, myasthenia gravis can cause sudden, life-threatening crises, during which patients may experience dilated pupils, reduced tear production, salivary gland secretion, and even complete lack of secretions. Patients may become extremely fatigued and fall into a coma—a condition known as adrenergic crisis. Another type of crisis is called acetylcholine crisis, where patients experience constricted pupils, increased secretions, heightened intestinal peristalsis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Both crises are characterized by muscle weakness; the former is caused by increased sympathetic nervous system activity, while the latter is due to increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. Both conditions are classified as myasthenia gravis crises. Polyneuritis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the nerve roots caused by influenza viruses or other infections. Initially, patients experience muscle pain in the areas supplied by the affected nerve roots, followed by muscle atrophy, motor dysfunction, and impaired function. This condition is quite common in clinical practice, while myasthenia gravis is far less prevalent!

Modern medicine has yet to develop effective treatments for these conditions. As myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder, hormone therapy or immunosuppressive drugs like cyclophosphamide offer only temporary relief. Surgical intervention is recommended if the condition is accompanied by thymoma. During crises, medications such as neostigmine or epinephrine can provide targeted treatment. Previously, the first-line treatment for polyneuritis was usually hormones and immunosuppressants, but recent studies have yielded mixed results regarding long-term efficacy. Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, and other supplements are essential for treatment and can sometimes yield positive results.

While Western medicine’s efficacy for these conditions remains uncertain, traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies have gained widespread attention. Since 1995 (the Year of the Pig), I have treated dozens of patients with these conditions, all of whom were treated according to traditional Chinese medicine’s syndrome differentiation. First, it’s important to note that traditional Chinese medicine does not employ strict distinctions between these conditions; however, polyneuritis often involves blood deficiency and wind invasion, while myasthenia gravis tends toward qi deficiency. I often used Fengyin Decoction from Jin Gui, the Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction formulated by Zhao Xinbo, and the Zhen Pei Decoction by Zhang Xichun for the former, while the Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction, Ba Xian Chang Shou Pills, and Ba Zhen Decoction with additions were used for the latter. One patient presented with drooping scapulae and weak, paralyzed left arm; another patient had weakness in both legs, making walking difficult. Both patients reported numbness in their limbs. Initially, I treated both patients as myasthenia gravis, focusing on qi deficiency without addressing the underlying issue. After using Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction and Ba Xian Chang Shou Pills, the patients did not respond to treatment, so I turned to Fengyin Decoction from Jin Gui: gypsum, cold stone, purple quartz, white quartz, raw dragon and oyster shells, red stone, white stone, talc, cinnamon twig, rhubarb, dried ginger, cowherb, papaya, qiong tiao, wuling xian, rehmannia, angelica, prepared for a day’s dose. After 10 doses, the patients showed marked improvement; after 15 doses, the patients’ condition improved significantly. Both patients were women, middle-aged or elderly, with a history of multiple pregnancies. One patient was frail and prone to colds, while the other suffered from chronic stomach pain and weight loss. I also treated a patient with myasthenia gravis who had drooping eyelids on one side, occasional double vision, and weak, flaccid muscles in her limbs—making it difficult to lift her hands or feet. She had undergone surgery for thymic tumor 10 years ago at a hospital, with elevated serum IgG levels, positive serum cholinesterase antibodies, positive skeletal muscle citrate extraction antibodies, and positive antibodies against skeletal muscle. Diagnosis: myasthenia gravis. I treated her with a modified Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction: codonopsis, atractylodes, astragalus, tangerine peel, licorice, bupleurum, ledebouriella, dodder seeds, goji berries, sophora flower, deer antler glue, eucommia bark, cassia bark, cinnamon, and processed aconite, prepared for a day’s dose. After 10 doses, the patient felt better, her double vision had disappeared, and her limb movements improved compared to before.

Appendix 1: Blood-Nourishing and Wind-Dispelling Formulas

① Modified Fengyin Decoction: gypsum, cold stone, purple quartz, white quartz, raw dragon and oyster shells, red stone, talc, cinnamon twig, rhubarb, dried ginger, cowherb, papaya, qiong tiao, wuling xian, rehmannia, angelica.

② Zhao Xinbo’s Formula: peach kernels, safflower, angelica, rehmannia, red peony, chuanxiong, qiong tiao, chuan duan, cowherb, ginger insect, whole scorpion, side-bark leaves, papaya, stretching grass, prepared for a day’s dose.

③ Zhang Xichun’s Zhen Pei Decoction: codonopsis, atractylodes, astragalus, yuanshi, raw dragon and oyster shells, cowherb, wuling xian, prepared for a day’s dose.

Appendix 2: Qi-Nourishing and Wind-Dispelling Formulas

① Bu Zhong Yi Qi Decoction with dodder seeds, goji berries, blackberry, and polygonum cuspidatum, prepared for a day’s dose.

② Mai Wei Di Huang Pill with cinnamon, processed aconite, eucommia bark, chuan duan, lockyang, large mulberry, deer antler glue, turtle shell glue, prepared for a day’s dose.

③ Ba Zhen Decoction with ginger insect, whole scorpion, centipede, leech, cicada, prepared for a day’s dose.

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Case Study on Multiple Liver Cysts

Since the advent of ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI imaging, our understanding of liver cysts has become much clearer. Generally speaking, these cysts are considered congenital, occurring as single or small clusters. They do not require special treatment; if patients experience symptoms such as pain in the liver area, symptomatic treatment or appropriate liver-protective therapies may suffice. If no symptoms are present, the cysts can be left alone, as they often resolve naturally. Of course, patients should be mindful of alcohol consumption and excessive intake of fatty or sweet foods to avoid harming their liver. Multiple liver cysts can sometimes lead to serious complications, particularly when the cysts are densely packed throughout the liver tissue. The liver may enlarge, bile ducts may become compressed, and jaundice may worsen; portal hypertension may also develop due to compression of the portal vein.

In the autumn of 1995 (the Year of the Pig), I treated two patients with liver cysts in my outpatient clinic. One patient had an enlarged liver, with the liver margin extending to the superior pelvic opening. However, the patient moved as normally as anyone else, his spleen was not enlarged, he had no ascites, and no jaundice was present. Ultrasound and CT scans confirmed the diagnosis of “multiple liver cysts.” Another patient presented with jaundice, enlarged liver, ascites, splenomegaly, and a darkened complexion. Initially, the patient was treated for liver cirrhosis (compensatory stage) to address the ascites and jaundice, but the condition did not improve. Ultrasound and CT scans confirmed the diagnosis of “multiple liver cysts.” Both patients had liver cysts; the former, besides having an enlarged liver that extended to the pelvis, had no other symptoms. The patient himself did not report any discomfort. Upon careful review of the CT scans, it became clear that the cysts were evenly distributed throughout the liver, with healthy liver tissue clearly visible between the cysts. The second patient, on the other hand, exhibited both jaundice due to obstruction and splenomegaly and ascites due to portal hypertension. Examining the CT scans in detail, it was evident that the cysts in this case had fused together, leaving little healthy liver tissue remaining in certain areas. Although both patients had multiple liver cysts, they presented with completely different clinical presentations. When asked about their medical history, the first patient had no prior history of hepatitis B, while the second patient had a history of hepatitis B spanning over 10 years. I concluded that the second patient’s liver cysts were likely caused by hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis (compensatory stage). The first patient, being asymptomatic, lived in a financially disadvantaged household and had never taken any medication. The second patient had previously used interferon and underwent a cesarean section three years ago. During the surgery, no mass lesions were identified, and the patient was released from the hospital. However, his condition worsened, with increasing jaundice and ascites, and his overall health deteriorated. I admitted him to the hospital and, while administering liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic medications, I prescribed the following formula: 10 g of bupleurum, 10 g of citrus peel, 10 g of white peony, 6 g of licorice, 6 g of chuanxiong, 6 g of fragrant herb, 10 g of rhubarb, 10 g of scutellaria, 3 g of coptis, 10 g of wood fragrance, 10 g of cardamom, 10 g of yuanhu, 20 g of chuanluan, 3 g each of processed milkweed and dandelion, 10 g of artemisia, 10 g of gardenia, 16 g of houttuynia, prepared for a day’s dose. After 10 doses, the patient felt more comfortable in his upper abdomen, and I added 20 g of white snake tongue grass and 20 g of half-moon lotus, allowing him to return home for recovery. Three months later, the patient returned for a follow-up visit, reporting that after more than 70 doses of medication, his condition improved daily: his jaundice had subsided, his ascites had resolved, his liver was softer, and his spleen was similarly enlarged. CT scans revealed multiple liver cysts in the liver. His liver function was normal, and the albumin-to-globulin ratio remained imbalanced. As the patient’s condition began to improve, I prepared a formula in the form of honey pills to support his recovery: 100 g of gentiana, 100 g of gardenia, 100 g of houttuynia, 100 g of angelica, 100 g of white peony, 60 g of green peel, 60 g of fragrant herb, 200 g of oyster shells, 30 g of safflower, 100 g of roasted hawthorn, 100 g of roasted atractylodes, 100 g of rhubarb, 3 g of coptis, 100 g of scutellaria, 200 g of salvia miltiorrhiza, 100 g of wood fragrance, 100 g of cardamom, 300 g of astragalus, 100 g of angelica, 100 g of qiong tiao, 100 g of indigo grass, prepared for a day’s dose. After grinding the ingredients into a fine powder, sieving the mixture, and preparing honey pills weighing 7 g each, I administered 1 pill three times a day, dissolving it in warm water after meals. Two years later, the patient returned for a follow-up visit, reporting that he was as healthy as anyone else, with ultrasound confirming only multiple liver cysts, while no abnormalities were detected in the spleen, pancreas, or gallbladder. Liver function tests were all within the normal range.

From the treatment of these two cases, we can see that although liver cysts themselves can cause significant liver enlargement, if liver function can be protected from further damage over time—such as avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, preventing accidents, and refraining from taking medications that harm the liver—liver cysts are, after all, congenital conditions whose compensatory functions can still be maintained. However, if other liver diseases, such as acute hepatitis B infections, are triggered on top of liver cysts, or if other liver-damaging factors come into play, liver cysts can quickly develop clinical symptoms. The second patient was one such case; after receiving immediate, symptomatic integrated Western and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, he made a full recovery. By the time of his final follow-up visit, all symptoms had resolved, leaving only the “multiple liver cysts.”

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A Brief Overview of Autoimmune Disorders

20th-century mid-century, a group of non-bacterial pathogenic diseases within the field of internal medicine were named "collagen diseases" because they widely cause lesions in the systemic collagen fiber system. Conditions such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and nodular polyarteritis fall under this category. Later, it was discovered that these diseases not only damage the collagen system but also affect the entire connective tissue system; therefore, in the 1970s, they were reclassified as "connective tissue diseases." Over the past 30 years, as our understanding of immune function has deepened, we have come to recognize that a common feature of these diseases is defects in the body's own immune system. The immune system's role is to distinguish between "self" and "non-self," and normal immune responses are limited to recognizing and eliminating "non-self" invaders by producing antibodies. However, in patients with autoimmune disorders, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy tissues, leading to pathological immune responses. Although these diseases vary greatly in their manifestations, they share common characteristics such as rapid erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint pain, high fever, and skin rashes. Almost all connective tissue diseases—formerly known as collagen diseases—fall into this category. With the increasing understanding of these conditions, diseases such as myasthenia gravis, necrotizing lymphadenitis, sarcoidosis, cholestatic cirrhosis, allergic purpura, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, subacute allergic septicemia, and AIDS are now classified as autoimmune diseases. These conditions collectively are referred to as autoimmune disorders. Recently, some researchers have proposed that hepatitis B may also be associated with autoimmune mechanisms. This is because this disease exhibits significant familial susceptibility; according to evidence-based medical statistics, among large families infected with the hepatitis B virus, at least one or two healthy members never contract hepatitis, even when they live and eat together with the patient for extended periods. Western medicine typically uses hormones as first-line treatment for autoimmune diseases, but the rebound effect is often severe, reaching up to 100%. These medications are highly addictive—the more they are used, the more dependent the patient becomes—and can lead to undesirable side effects such as central obesity, a full face resembling a full moon, a belly like a water buffalo, excessive hair growth, fluid retention, and a weakened immune system. In addition to hormones, immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide and methotrexate can also be used in clinical practice for these conditions, though their long-term efficacy remains controversial, and cases of complete cure are still rare.

How does traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) view autoimmune diseases? While I have not yet encountered any valuable reports on this topic, based on over 40 years of clinical experience, I believe these conditions fall within the scope of TCM’s “wind” syndrome. As the saying goes, “Wind is a disease that moves easily and changes frequently,” “Wind is the root of all illnesses,” and “When wind combines with cold, heat, or dampness, it finds its natural path.” Joint disorders are often attributed to wind-dampness; renal edema is linked to wind-water; high fever that does not subside is often caused by wind-heat; sterile diarrhea is associated with intestinal wind causing blood in the stool; skin rashes are due to wind-toxins or measles… Whenever I encounter these conditions, I always employ methods that eliminate wind while resolving dampness, unblock the flow of wind, and clear heat and disperse wind. The “Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang” formula from the Golden Cabinet is well-known in medical circles for treating rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis; the formula states, “For those with pain in all joints, emaciation, swollen feet like a bag, dizziness, shortness of breath, a feeling of wanting to vomit, Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang is the primary remedy.” This formula treats not only joint swelling and pain but also symptoms such as emaciation, dizziness, shortness of breath, and a feeling of wanting to vomit. After 40 years of clinical experience, whenever I encounter autoimmune diseases—such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis due to purpura, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, subacute allergic septicemia—when I ask about these symptoms, I often find them present. Prescribing Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang frequently yields positive results. In the autumn of 2000 (Gengchen year), I treated two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, both of whom responded well to a modified formula primarily composed of Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang.

Ms. Ma, 52 years old, an employee of Lanzhou Railway Institute, experienced joint pain, swelling, anemia, liver dysfunction, long-term proteinuria (+++++) in her urine, occult blood (++++), and a blood pressure of 24/13.3 kPa (180/100 mmHg). She frequently had fevers, and when she caught a cold, her temperature would rise to 39–40°C. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 98 mm/h. She had been hospitalized multiple times in Beijing and other places, where she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. She had been taking hormones for a long time, and her face had become full moon-shaped, with central obesity, and her overall health was extremely weak. Upon palpation, her pulses were found to be tense, tight, and rapid, with a weaker pulse in the lower hand. Her tongue was red and swollen, with a thick, yellowish coating. TCM diagnosed her as having wind-dampness combined with heat entering the interior, with chronic illness affecting the meridians, impacting the liver and kidneys. The formula used was Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang with additions: 10 g of Gui Zhi, 10 g of Bai Shao, 10 g of Zhi Mu, 6 g of Gan Jiang, 6 g of Gan Cao, 12 g of Fang Feng, 10 g of Mahuang, 10 g of Bai Zhu, 6 g of Fu Pi, 12 g of Sheng Di, 10 g of Shan Yu, 10 g of Shan Yao, 10 g of Dan Pi, 10 g of Fu Ling, 10 g of Ze Xie, 6 g of Huang Lian, 10 g of Huang Qin, and 6 g of Da Huang. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily. After 20 doses, her ALT dropped from 128 U/L to 48 U/L, her urine protein levels decreased to (+), and her urine occult blood test turned negative. The formula was further adjusted with 30 g of Huang Qi and 30 g of Danshen, ground into powder, sifted, and made into pills weighing 6 g each. The medication was taken three times daily, 1 pill each time, diluted with warm boiled water. Six months later, the patient came for a follow-up visit, reporting that her condition had remained stable since starting the medication—she had not experienced severe flare-ups, her body temperature was normal, and her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was now 36 mm/h. TCM practitioners believe that “to treat wind, first activate blood circulation; when blood is active, wind naturally dissipates.” When treating autoimmune diseases, I often use herbs that promote blood circulation and resolve stasis, and I have seen remarkable results. Since 1997 (Dingchou year), I have treated nearly a hundred patients with allergic purpura, all of whom benefited from formulas that cleared heat and detoxified while promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis. I often added Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang to these formulas, and the outcomes were exceptionally satisfactory. The basic ingredients of the formula are as follows: 15 g of Jin Yin Hua, 15 g of Lian Qiao, 15 g of Gong Ying, 15 g of Baishang, 15 g of Tu Fu Ling, 10 g of Bai Xian Pi, 20 g of Bai Ti Li, 20 g of Fang Feng, 10 g of Cao Xue, 10 g of Chi Shao, 6 g of Chan Yi, 6 g of Jiang Chong, 10 g of Chuan Xiong, 10 g of Tao Ren, 6 g of Hong Hua, 10 g of Gui Zhi, 10 g of Zhi Mu, 15 g of Chuan Cao Wu (first decocted for 1 hour), 6 g of Gan Jiang, 10 g of Bai Zhu. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily, diluted with warm boiled water.

In my view, the nature of wind is related to allergic reactions and also involves autoimmune defects. I use Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang to treat wind-dampness, Tao Hong Si Wu Tang to treat wind-dampness that has entered the interior, and Chan Yi and Jiang Chong to relieve wind-related spasms. The main ingredient in Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang—large doses of Aconite—are powerful tonics that restore yang energy and revitalize the vital energy. Zhi Mu is also crucial: without it, patients who take large doses of Aconite may experience unbearable burning throughout the body. If large doses of Aconite are taken without Zhi Mu, yang energy may become too abundant and harm yin; without Gui Zhi, the yang energy of Aconite cannot reach the extremities. Without Bai Shao, yang energy cannot gather within the internal organs. Given this, Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang relies heavily on Gui Zhi, Bai Shao, and Zhi Mu as supporting figures to help Aconite exert its full effect. When yang energy is abundant, it is like sunlight shining down; restoring yang energy means “providing the source of fire to dispel yin darkness.” When yin darkness penetrates the blood vessels, only herbs that promote blood circulation and resolve stasis can overcome it. Tao Ren Si Wu Tang is perfectly suited for this task. Chan Yi and Jiang Chong are nourishing and activating herbs that penetrate the blood vessels to search for wind. As the ancient saying goes, “To treat wind, first activate blood circulation; when blood is active, wind naturally dissipates.” This is precisely what we mean.

A Brief Discussion on Gout

Gout is a disease defined in Western medicine, arising when uric acid levels in the blood exceed normal limits. Uric acid is one of the final products of protein metabolism; normally, it exists in small amounts in the blood—around 450 μmol/L for men and 350 μmol/L for women. Levels above this threshold indicate excess uric acid. Uric acid in the blood is a waste product that needs to be eliminated; it is either excreted through urine or produced anew, maintaining a dynamic balance. Therefore, uric acid levels in the blood are generally kept within a certain range. Elevated blood uric acid suggests excessive protein metabolism, which is often found in people who consume excessive amounts of fatty and sweet foods, those who do not engage in physical labor, or those who work mentally but lack exercise. Gout shares similar risk factors with diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, gallstones, and cholecystitis. These conditions—high uric acid, high blood sugar, high blood lipids, high blood pressure—are collectively known as the five major risk factors for atherosclerosis, often referred to as the “five highs.” High uric acid leads to gout, whose primary symptom is joint pain, commonly known as gouty arthritis. This type of arthritis most frequently affects the big toe and the ring finger, followed by the ankle and knee joints; some patients experience widespread joint pain throughout the body, as uric acid tends to accumulate in the lower limbs. When uric acid deposits beneath the skin, it forms gout stones; it can also deposit in the gallbladder or kidneys, much like common gallstones. Gouty arthritis shares many characteristics with general inflammation—redness, heat, swelling, and pain—and often recurs or occurs in cycles. In advanced stages, uric acid can deposit in the kidneys, leading to kidney inflammation and eventually chronic kidney failure. For gout treatment in Western medicine, during acute attacks, colchicine is the first choice, taken orally at 1 mg three times a day; for severe pain, it can be taken every 2 hours, with a first dose of 1 mg, followed by 0.5 mg each time, up to a maximum daily dose of 6 mg. Pain usually subsides within 48 hours, and after relief, 0.5 mg per day can be maintained. Other medications, such as allopurinol and probenecid, are also commonly used to treat gout; allopurinol is taken at 100 mg three times a day, while probenecid is taken at 0.25 g twice a day, with gradual increases to 3–4 times a day. All three medications can cause side effects such as fever, rash, and gastrointestinal discomfort, though these symptoms occur in only some patients. They all reduce uric acid production while increasing uric acid excretion.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers promising therapeutic options for gout. Commonly prescribed formulas include:

① Compound Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang: 10 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Chi Shao, 6 g of Cang Zhu, 10 g of Ren Dong, 10 g each of Qiang Du Huo, Fang Ji, and Fang Feng, 20 g of Mu Gua, 10 g of Zhu Ling, 20 g of You Song Jie, 10 g of Ge Gen, 15 g of Yin Chen, 15 g of Hu Zhang, 6 g of Gan Cao. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily.

② Pain-Relieving Decoction: 10 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Chi Shao, 10 g of Niu Xi, 20 g of Gou Ding, 15 g of Ren Dong, 10 g of Fang Ji, 12 g of Fang Feng, 20 g of Mu Gua, 30 g of Sang Zhi, 10 g of Zhu Ling, 10 g of Ze Xie. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily.

③ Compound Er Miao San: 6 g of Cang Zhu, 6 g of Huang Bo, 15 g each of Du Qiang Huo, Sang Zhi, 20 g of Chi Xiao Dou, 15 g of Ji Sheng, 20 g of Chi Xiao Dou, 30 g of Mu Gua, 10 g of Han Fang Ji, 15 g of Tu Fu Ling, 20 g of Dan Shen, 10 g of Hu Zhang, 20 g of Ze Xie, 10 g of Zhu Ling. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily.

Among these three formulas, the Dang Gui Nian Tong Tang was developed by Li Dong Heng in “Lan Shi Mi Zang,” while the Pain-Relieving Decoction is a formula based on my own experience. The Er Miao San formula was created by Zhu Dan Xi in “Dan Xi Xin Fa.” All three formulas share common ingredients—Zhu Ling, Ze Xie, Fang Ji, Qiang Du Huo, Fang Feng, Fang Ji, Cang Zhu—indicating that the treatment of this condition begins with clearing dampness, promoting water metabolism, and dispersing wind to eliminate dampness and heat lingering in the joints and skin. I believe that in treating gout, TCM should focus on three key aspects: overcoming dampness, promoting water metabolism, and dispersing wind—only then can the medicine truly address the root cause of the disease.

Subacute Thyroiditis and Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Subacute thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder. In recent years, with the increased clinical application of nuclear imaging techniques, the diagnosis rate has risen significantly compared to previous years, and reported incidence rates across various regions have increased dramatically. The exact cause of this disease remains unclear; it is generally believed to be related to viral infections. The thyroid gland may swell due to infiltration by neutrophils and lymphocytes, accompanied by localized pain, general discomfort, and fever. Some patients may experience palpitations, excessive sweating, and tremors in the limbs; others may develop edema, fatigue, cold intolerance, and amenorrhea. The former are symptoms of hyperthyroidism, while the latter are symptoms of hypothyroidism. Women are more likely to develop this condition than men, with a ratio of approximately 1.6:1. It commonly affects young adults aged 20–40. Laboratory tests reveal elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, elevated levels of T₃ and T₄, increased serum protein binding iodine, and a significantly lower thyroid iodine uptake rate than normal. Western medicine typically uses corticosteroids as first-line treatments for this condition; for localized pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Indomethacin and Ibuprofen can be used, and sometimes antibiotics are prescribed to prevent infection. Overall, Western medicine’s treatment provides only temporary relief and does not offer a definitive cure. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown satisfactory results in treating this condition. Looking at TCM prescriptions used domestically to treat this disease, they generally focus on clearing heat and detoxifying, resolving nodules and masses, and strengthening the body’s fundamental qi while dispelling wind and resolving dampness. Based on over 40 years of clinical experience, I believe this condition arises when wind invades the exterior, enters the interior, transforms into fire, and combines with dampness, leading to chronic illness affecting the meridians. Many cases begin with a cold; whether it’s wind-cold or wind-heat, both can transform into fire when they enter the interior. In healthy individuals, the body’s righteous qi is strong enough to prevent wind from entering the interior; however, in patients with deficiency, wind can indeed enter the interior—this aligns with modern medical theories regarding autoimmune defects. Modern immunology suggests that when the body’s immune system malfunctions in its ability to distinguish “self” from “non-self,” autoimmune diseases arise, including subacute thyroiditis. The essence of autoimmune diseases lies in the body’s own erroneous allergic reactions, such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. I have used the classic formula “Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang,” which is widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating rheumatoid arthritis, to treat subacute thyroiditis, often achieving remarkable results. The basic composition of the formula is as follows: 10 g of Gui Zhi, 10 g of Bai Shao, 10 g of Zhi Mu, 6 g of Gan Jiang, 6 g of Gan Cao, 12 g of Fang Feng, 10 g of Mahuang, 10 g of Bai Zhu, 5 g of Fu Pi, 20 g of Yin Hua, 20 g of Lian Qiao, 15 g of Di Long, 15 g of Xia Ku Cao, 10 g of Yuan Shen, 15 g of Sheng Long Mu, 20 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Dang Gui, 12 g of Sheng Di, and 10 g of Gui Zhi. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily.

In March 2000 (Gengchen year), a 32-year-old female teacher experienced neck pain, occasional chills and fever, joint discomfort throughout her body, dry mouth and throat, excessive sweating, palpitations, and trembling fingers. Her T₃ and T₄ levels were slightly elevated above normal. Previous doctors had tried intravenous antibiotics for over ten days without success. She was advised to undergo further testing for serum protein binding iodine and thyroid iodine uptake rates; the former was higher than normal, while the latter was lower than normal. Diagnosis: subacute thyroiditis. She was treated with the aforementioned formula for 10 doses, and upon a follow-up visit two weeks later, she reported that all symptoms had improved significantly—especially the pain in the thyroid region of her neck had completely disappeared. The patient recovered quickly without using hormones, and I was so pleased that I thought to myself that Gui Zhi Shao Cai Zhi Mu Tang, with its hormone-regulating properties, could be used again in the future. Whenever I encountered this condition, I would often add Yin Hua and Lian Qiao to the formula, focusing on clearing heat and detoxifying—because when wind enters the interior and transforms into fire, heat is dispersed, but toxins remain; thus, clearing heat and detoxifying is essential. Adding Yuan Shen, Zhe Bei, and Sheng Long Mu helped resolve nodules and masses, as these conditions often arise in the thyroid gland, where toxins accumulate. Adding Huang Qi, Sheng Di, and Dang Gui helped strengthen the body’s fundamental qi and regulate immune function.

Subacute thyroiditis often recurred and did not fully heal, eventually leaving behind thyroid enlargement, which led to the development of chronic thyroiditis. Some patients bypassed the subacute inflammatory process and instead began with chronic thyroiditis directly, a condition known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease. The fundamental difference between subacute thyroiditis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis lies in the speed of the disease progression and the severity of symptoms; however, the two conditions share several obvious similarities: ① positive thyroid globulin antibody tests, ② elevated serum protein binding iodine levels with low thyroid iodine uptake, ③ abnormal white-to-globulin ratios and increased gamma-globulin levels, ④ accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, ⑤ T₃ and T₄ levels can fluctuate depending on the stage of the disease—both conditions are chronic, and they may exhibit symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Those with hyperthyroidism show elevated T₃ and T₄ levels, while those with hypothyroidism show reduced T₃ and T₄ levels. My experience shows that ① during acute episodes, symptoms resemble hyperthyroidism; during remission, symptoms resemble hypothyroidism, ② patients with external infections often exhibit hyperthyroidism, while those without external infections often suffer from hypothyroidism, ③ subacute thyroiditis is more common in patients with hyperthyroidism, while chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is more common in patients with hypothyroidism. In conclusion, the fundamental distinction between subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto’s disease (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) lies in pathological biopsies—clinically, these conditions are often difficult to differentiate. In 1956, Japanese scholars first reported chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, which is why this condition was initially named Hashimoto’s disease. Later, it was discovered that conditions similar to Hashimoto’s, but characterized by predominantly neutrophilic infiltration rather than lymphocytic infiltration, were referred to as subacute thyroiditis. Western medicine has long treated these conditions with hormones; some researchers once believed that Hashimoto’s disease could only be treated with hormones in its early stages (adrenal cortical hormones), but my experience shows that even in late stages, hormones can still be effective—particularly in the late stages of the disease, when most patients develop hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is often characterized by five main symptoms: ① fatigue, cold intolerance, drowsiness, hair loss—all of which result from metabolic decline. ② Abdominal bloating, loss of appetite, constipation, rumbling or absent bowel movements—all of which are signs of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (with parasympathetic nerves dominating). ③ Yellowish, dull, dry, flaky skin, non-pitting edema, narrow eye slits, wide nasal wings, enlarged tongue—all of which are symptoms of mucous edema. ④ Slowed reactions, intellectual disability, sluggish vision, hearing, touch, and smell—some individuals even experience hallucinations or mental disorders. ⑤ Low heart sounds, prolonged P-R intervals, widened QRS waves on electrocardiogram. Identifying these five symptoms is crucial for diagnosing Hashimoto’s disease, and it also plays a role in diagnosing subacute thyroiditis—today, most adult cases of hypothyroidism originate from Hashimoto’s disease and the aftermath of subacute thyroiditis, especially Hashimoto’s disease being the leading cause of hypothyroidism in adults. Western medicine treats hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, either through thyroid tablets or through thyroxine (T₄) or triiodothyronine (T₃). However, the essence of this treatment is merely temporary substitution; at best, it only addresses the symptoms and serves as a palliative measure. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown promising results in treating this condition; I often used Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan with additions to treat these patients effectively. From a TCM perspective, the five symptoms mentioned above all fall under the category of kidney yang deficiency—Gui Fu Ba Wei Wan replenishes kidney yang, warms and eliminates dampness, strengthens the lower back and knees, and fortifies the muscles and bones, thereby addressing the root cause of the disease. Yue Bi Tang, Da Bu Yin Wan, and Er Xian Tang are also commonly used formulas. TCM teaches that “one cannot sustain yin if one lacks yang, and one cannot sustain yang if one lacks yin.” All of these formulas are suitable for treating this condition, and they have consistently yielded positive results. Now, I would like to share the basic formulas I use to treat hypothyroidism with readers.

Sheng Di 12 g, Shan Yu 10 g, Shan Yao 10 g, Dan Pi 10 g, Zhi Mu 10 g, Huang Bo 10 g, Fu Ling 10 g,

Ze Xie 10 g, Gui Zhi 10 g, Fu Pi 6 g, Xian Mao 10 g, Yin Yang Huo 10 g, Ba Ji Tian 10 g, Mahuang 10 g, Sheng Shi 30 g, Zhu Ling 10 g, Bai Zhu 10 g, Che Qian Zi 10 g, Huai Niu Xi 20 g. The herbs were decocted in water and taken once daily. Given that this condition is chronic, the dosage can be increased tenfold; the herbs were ground into powder, mixed with honey to form pills weighing 6 g each, taken three times daily after meals, diluted with warm boiled water to achieve a slow, steady effect.

Commonly Used Formulas for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common and frequently occurring disease. It is characterized by multiple, progressive joint pain, deformities, and functional impairment; symptoms often worsen with colds. During active phases, patients may experience fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, increased C-reactive protein levels, and elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) levels. Approximately 10% of patients show red blood cell formations in peripheral blood smears, indicative of lupus erythematosus cells. In the 1940s, this disease was classified as a “collagen disease,” later reclassified as a “connective tissue disease” and an autoimmune disease.

TCM’s understanding of this condition generally revolves around the principle that “three types of wind—cold, dampness, and heat—come together and combine to create痹.” The causes of the disease lie in the combination of wind, cold, and dampness; therefore, wind often causes frequent changes, cold leads to pain, and dampness causes chronic illness that does not easily subside. When the disease persists and enters the meridians, it damages the blood meridians, leading to blood stagnation and joint deformities. Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Western medicine offers various antipyretic and analgesic medications for treating this condition, such as common salicylate-based drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like indomethacin, ibuprofen, Fenbid, Yanpang Xikang, rofecoxib, celecoxib, and others. Adrenocortical hormones and immunosuppressive agents like methotrexate and penicillamine can also be used in clinical practice, though they primarily address the symptoms rather than the root cause. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies have been used to treat this condition for thousands of years, accumulating a vast array of effective formulas. Below, we will briefly discuss one of the most commonly used formulas in clinical practice, offering it as a reference for medical practitioners.

(1) Jiwei Qianghuo Tang: 10g each of Qiangduo Huo, Fangfeng, Xixin, Cangshu, Baiyi, Chuanxiong, Huangqin, Shengdi, Gancao, Shengjiang, and Congbai (this formula is attributed to Zhang Yueli).

(2) Da Qin Tiao Tang: 20g of Zhimu, 10g each of Qiangduo Huo, Jingjie, Fangfeng, Cangshu, Huangbo, Shengshu, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Chiushao, Houpu, Chaihu, Huangqin, Baiyi, QinTiao, Shengshigao (this formula is derived from “Medical Inventions”).

(3) Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang: 10g of Gui Zhi, 10g of Baishao, 6g of Ganjiang, 6g of Gancao, 12g of Fangfeng, 10g of Mahuang, 10g of Buxue, 6g of Fuzhi, 20g of Zhimu (this formula is based on “Golden Cabinet Essentials”).

(4) Sangzhi Tang: 30g of Sangzhi, 20g of Qingfeng Teng, 20g of Haifeng Teng, 20g of Jixue Teng, 15g each of Qiangduo Huo, Fangfeng, QinTiao, Fangji, Weilingxian (a traditional formula passed down through the experience of Pei Shen).

(5) Maxing Yi Gan Tang: 10g of Mahuang, 10g of Xingren, 10g of Sheng Yiren, 6g of Gancao (this formula is derived from “Golden Cabinet Essentials”).

(6) Duhuo Jisheng Tang: 15g of Du Zhong, 12g of Fangfeng, 10g of QinTiao, 10g of Gui Zhi, 3g of Xixin, 10g of Hua Niu Xi, 10g of Danggui, 6g of Chuanxiong, 12g of Shengdi, 15g of Baiyao, 10g of Buxue, 12g of Fu Ling, 10g of Dangshen, 6g of Gancao (this formula is based on “Thousand Gold Essentials”).

(7) Jin Niu Tang: 15g of Jinmao Gouji, 10g of Chuan Niu Xi, 15g of Baiyao, 6g of Baiyi, 20g of Qiangduo Huo, 10g of Jixue Teng, 10g of Weilingxian (a traditional formula passed down through the experience of Pei Zhengxue).

(8) Wu Mi He Ji: 20g of Wu Jia Pi, 20g of Yiren, 20g of Chuan Niu Xi, 10g of Guo Suibu, 6g of Bohe, 6g of Cangshu, 10g of Haifeng Teng, 10g of Qingfeng Teng, 10g of He Shou Wu, 12g of Xun Gu Feng (a traditional formula passed down through the experience of Pei Zhengxue).

(9) Ji Ming San: 10g of Su Bing, 10g of Binlang, 10g of Muguang, 6g of Chenpi, 6g of Gancao, 10g of Gui Zhi, 6g of Fuzhi, 6g of Banxia, 10g of Wu Zhu Yu, 10g of He Shou Wu (this formula is derived from “Zhu’s Collection of Experience”).

(10) Wu Ji San: 10g of Danggui, 10g of Baiyao, 6g of Chuanxiong, 6g of Cangshu, 6g of Houpu, 6g of Chenpi, 6g of Banxia, 12g of Fu Ling, 10g of Mahuang, 10g of Buxue, 20g of Jiegeng, 3g of Honghua (this formula is based on “Local Formula”).

(11) Fufang Shao Yao Gancao Tang: 20g of Baiyao, 6g of Gancao, 10g of Qingfeng Teng, 10g of Haifeng Teng, 10g of Jixue Teng, 20g of Muguang, 20g of Yiren, 10g of Chuan Niu Xi, 10g of Weilingxian, 10g of Dangshen, 20g of Huangqi, 10g of Honghua (this formula is based on “Shanghan Lun”).

(12) Hualuo Xiao Du Dan: 10g of Danggui, 10g of Danshen, 6g of Zhi Ru Mo, 3g of Honghua, 10g of Taoren, 6g of Jianghuang, 15g of Lianqiao, 10g of Gui Zhi (this formula is based on “Zhongzhong Canxi Lu”).

The above 12 formulas are commonly used by me in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, employing both classic formulas and more recent ones, with the primary goal of alleviating joint pain. However, the indications for each formula exhibit a certain degree of bias. Jiwei Qianghuo Tang and Da Qin Tiao Tang are suitable for conditions like colds triggering wind-cold attacks—when a cold is still present, joint pain is severe, accompanied by headache and fever; if coughing occurs, these formulas can be combined with Maxing Yi Gan Tang. Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang and Sangzhi Tang are ideal for patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis that has not healed, where joint deformities and limitations in movement or exercise are present. The Gui formula is particularly suited for individuals who feel cold and suffer from deficiency-cold, while the Sang formula is better for those who tend to feel heat and have yin deficiency. The Duhuo Jisheng Tang, Ji Ming San, and Wu Ji He Ji are often used when joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis has already been somewhat controlled, but the body is deficient in both qi and blood, requiring urgent medicinal support to restore balance. The Wu Mi He Ji and Jin Niu Tang are suitable for patients with degenerative bone and joint changes, spinal ankylosis, or sciatica. Depending on the patient’s condition, the following adjustments can be made to the formulas: for severe pain, add 15g of Chuan Cao Wu (soaked in water for 1 hour); for severe lower limb pain, add 1 piece of Ma Qian Zi (fried in oil); for severe upper limb pain, add 20g of Xixin (soaked in water for 1 hour); for headaches, add 10g of Qiangduo Huo and 10g of Fangfeng; for lower back pain, add 15g of Du Zhong, 10g of Chuan Niu Xi, 10g of Chuan Duan, and 15g of Sang Jishi; for nerve pain, add 10g of Qingfeng Teng and 10g of Haifeng Teng, along with 10g of Jixue Teng; for shoulder pain, add 10g of Jianghuang.

A Brief Discussion on Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is one of the most widespread and longest-lasting infectious diseases in the world, with its prevalence in China dating back at least 100 years. Although people have long been familiar with this disease, it was only in the past 50 years that advances in molecular biology, molecular immunology, and cell biology led to a deeper understanding of the disease. Today, internationally recognized, viral hepatitis is caused by six different pathogens—A, B, C, D, E, and G—and is classified into six distinct types. In China, the terms “Type A,” “Type B,” “Type C,” “Type D,” “Type E,” and “Type G” are used to denote these different strains.

Type A hepatitis (HA) began to spread widely in China as early as the 1940s. At that time, people commonly referred to it as “jaundice-type infectious hepatitis.” This disease is characterized by high infectivity, frequent jaundice, and a favorable prognosis, with traditional Chinese medicine often yielding excellent results. In 1967, German scholar Ding Haide first isolated the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In 1973, American scholar Finsztro discovered the hepatitis A virus in patient feces and observed it under an electron microscope, confirming that the virus measures 27–30 nm in diameter. It was determined to be infectious, hepatotropic, self-suppressive, immune-mediated, and non-chronic. These findings helped elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease: ① It is highly contagious, spreading through the digestive tract via water, hands, and flies. ② Given its hepatotropic nature, the liver is the primary organ affected by this disease; other organs are generally spared. ③ The self-suppressive properties of the virus contribute to a favorable prognosis. ④ The virus’s immune characteristics ensure lifelong immunity against infection, meaning that after contracting hepatitis A once, patients typically acquire immunity. ⑤ Non-chronic progression means that hepatitis A rarely becomes chronic, with a low risk of developing cirrhosis.

According to the spirit of the 1959 Huangshan Liver Disease Symposium, the clinical symptoms of hepatitis A initially include loss of appetite and abdominal distension, followed by pain in the liver region, then jaundice and fever. The principle in “Golden Cabinet Essentials,” “When you see liver disease, know that it spreads to the spleen,” aligns perfectly with this view, demonstrating that traditional Chinese medicine had already identified the same liver disease syndromes as modern medicine 1800 years ago.

Western medicine treats this condition primarily by protecting the liver, without recommending the use of antiviral agents targeting the virus itself. Traditional Chinese medicine offers the best treatment options for this condition, often producing noticeable therapeutic effects within 1–2 weeks. The fundamental theoretical framework is based on the idea that pathogenic factors often reside in the Shaoyang meridian, leading to liver qi stagnation, liver wood overcoming earth, liver qi stagnation turning into fire, spleen deficiency leading to dampness, and the combination of dampness and heat causing jaundice. Treatment methods include harmonizing Shaoyang, unblocking liver qi and promoting bile flow, strengthening the spleen to eliminate dampness, and clearing heat while nourishing the liver—using formulas such as Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Dan Zhi Xiao Yang San, Yin Chen Hao Tang, Xiang Sha Li Ju Tang, Qiang Gan Tang, and San Huang Xie Xin Tang. I frequently use the following formulas to treat hepatitis A, which are listed below for readers’ reference: 10g of Chai Hu, 10g of Huangqin, 6g of Banxia, 10g of Dangshen, 6g of Gancao, 6g of Shengjiang, 4 dates, 6g of Dahuang, 3g of Huanglian, 10g of Huangqin, 20g of Yin Chen, 10g of Shan Zhi, 10g of Dan Shen, 6g of Cao Kui, decocted in water and taken once daily. For abdominal distension and fullness, add 10g of Baiyao and 12g of Fu Ling; for nausea and vomiting, add 10g of Xuanfu Hua and 20g of Sheng He Shi; for liver area pain, add 10g of Yuan Hu, 10g of Chuan Lian Zi, and 6g of Zhi Ru Mo; for elevated transaminases, add 15g of Yin Hua, 15g of Lianqiao, 15g of Gongying, 20g of Baishang, 20g of Bai Hua She Teng, 15g of Wubei Lian, and 6g of Wu Wei Zi powder (mixed and taken separately); for severe jaundice, add 20g of Qianjin Cao, 20g of Hu Zhang, and 20g of Zao Xiu; for fever, add 30g of Sheng Shi, 20g of Zhimu, and 30g of Jingmi; for night sweats and early coolness, along with 10g of QinTiao, 15g of Bie Jia, 15g of Di Gu Pi, and 20g of Qinghao; for back pain, add 10g of Qiangduo Huo and 12g of Fangfeng; for loss of appetite, add 6g of Jiao San Xian and 10g of Chao Lai Fu Zi; for constipation, increase the amount of Dahuang to 10–20g; for diarrhea, add 6g of Ganjiang and 6g of Fuzhi; for intestinal rumbling, add 10g of Chuan Jiao.

Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B is characterized by higher infectivity and a longer course of illness due to its lack of self-suppression, resulting in prolonged, chronic cases with poor prognoses. Hepatitis B was first identified in the early 1960s, when American scholar Bloomberg discovered the “Australian antigen” in 1963. In 1968, Japanese scholar Akakko confirmed the pathogenicity of this antigen and concluded that blood transfusions were closely linked to its presence. In 1970, the International Liver Conference officially named the “Australian antigen” as “Hepatitis-Associated Antigen” (HAA). Based on extensive clinical observation reports, the International Liver Conference in 1972 confirmed that the liver disease caused by this antigen was hepatitis B, and thus the name “Hepatitis-Associated Antigen” (HAA) was abandoned in favor of the more precise designation “Hepatitis B Surface Antigen” (HBsAg). In 1977, numerous reports and research materials on hepatitis B worldwide drew the attention of the World Health Organization (WHO), prompting global discussions among liver specialists on issues related to hepatitis B, and subsequently, the WHO published a series of names for hepatitis B antigens and antibodies: HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAg, HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb—commonly referred to as the “three systems.” However, detecting HBcAg requires liver biopsy, taking liver tissue samples for microscopic examination, and necessitating electron microscopy; since this antigen is absent in peripheral blood, detection is relatively difficult. Therefore, the three systems are actually five, often referred to as “two pairs and a half.” Hepatitis B became widespread globally in the latter half of the 20th century, with high infectivity and a rapid transition to chronicity, resulting in poor treatment outcomes. It quickly spread across Asia, Africa, and North America, capturing significant attention from the medical community. Just as hepatitis B was gaining global attention and concern, China, however, halted all scientific research and epidemiological observations due to the Cultural Revolution, allowing hepatitis B to spread unchecked. As a result, hepatitis B became a major public health issue in China, with the incidence rate soaring to one of the highest in the world. Hepatitis B tends toward chronicity, with 5–15% of patients progressing to liver cirrhosis (LC), and 0.5–1.5% eventually developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The course of chronic liver disease (CPH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) can last a lifetime. Currently, Western medicines used to treat hepatitis B mainly include alpha-interferon, Hepatit-B, Kushan, and glycyrrhizin, but their efficacy remains limited. Among them, the surface antigen response rate for interferon is only 10–15% per year, slightly higher than the natural clearance rate of hepatitis B viruses; the surface antigen clearance rate for Hepatit-B is slightly lower than that of alpha-interferon; other medications perform even worse. Recent reports on alpha-interferon release formulations offer a glimmer of hope: these medications utilize nanotechnology to combine alpha-interferon with polyethylene glycol molecules, extending the half-life of alpha-interferon in the human body by thousands of times. The new drug is temporarily named Pailuoxin; another drug is called Pelone, typically administered via intramuscular injection at 1.8 million units once a week, and preliminary data suggest that the surface antigen clearance rate can reach 40–60% per year. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies remain the best options for treating hepatitis B. I have been engaged in clinical research in this field for over 40 years, accumulating nearly tens of thousands of clinical cases. Hepatitis B is often associated with heat-toxin invading the Shaoyang meridian; prolonged illness leads to liver qi stagnation, which then turns to cross-invasion of the stomach, and if left untreated, transforms into fire and dampness, ultimately causing qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as qi deficiency and blood deficiency, and yang deficiency with water retention. Treatment for chronic liver disease focuses on harmonizing Shaoyang, using Xiao Chai Hu Tang with modifications; for chronic active hepatitis, given the diverse clinical presentations—such as liver pain as the primary symptom, use Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang with modifications; for liver function damage, prioritize Qiang Gan Tang with modifications (Danggui, Baiyao, Chuanxiong, Shengdi, Huangqi, Dan Shen, Yu Jin, Dangshen, Ze Xie, Gancao, Shanyao, QinTiao, Shen Qu, Ban Lan Gen); for elevated transaminases, add herbs like Yin Hua, Lianqiao, Gongying, Baishang, and Wu Wei Zi powder; for liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites, administer Shi Pi Yin, Wu Pi Yin, or Wu Ling San; for severe jaundice, add Yin Chen, Shan Zhi, and Dahuang. In summary, traditional Chinese medicine treatment for hepatitis B is conducted based on the integration of disease patterns and syndrome differentiation, with tailored prescriptions and medications. When diagnosing, it is important to consider the unity of traditional principles, methods, formulas, and herbs, while also paying attention to subtle indicators. For example, liver function tests are crucial for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation: a decrease in total protein and albumin indicates a deficiency or weakness in the body’s fine energies; elevated transaminases indicate excess or excess energy. Treatment for the former should replenish deficiencies, while treatment for the latter should reduce excess energy—this is precisely what the “Su Wen” emphasizes: “When the mother is deficient, the mother is full; when the mother is full, the mother is deficient.” When treating chronic active hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, I always use tonifying agents like Huangqi, Danggui, Dan Shen, Shouwu, Ge Gen, Xian He Cao, Shengdi, Han Lian Cao, etc., to restore low protein levels or reverse the imbalance between albumin and globulin; I also regularly use herbs like Yin Hua, Lianqiao, Gongying, Baishang, Bai Hua She Teng, and Ban Li Lian to help lower elevated transaminases. The appearance of surface antigens is often accompanied by responses from core antibodies and e antibodies, so traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation should focus on combining deficiency and excess; I advocate using harmony as the main principle, balancing tonification and purgation, often combining Xiao Chai Hu Tang with Qiang Gan Tang, achieving effective results while maintaining stability. Typically, treatment lasts 1–3 years, with a surface antigen clearance rate reaching 30–32%, and an e antigen clearance rate reaching 50–60%. If the treatment course is extended, further improvements in efficacy are possible. In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine treatment for hepatitis B is a long-term endeavor; haste makes waste. To achieve the desired results, doctors and patients must work together, building long-term trust and making concerted efforts. Recently, some self-proclaimed “folk healers” have fabricated claims about the efficacy of homemade remedies, claiming on news media that “surface antigen clearance rates reach 100%” or “no refund if it doesn’t turn negative within 3 months”—all of these claims are baseless and seriously undermine the academic reputation of traditional Chinese medicine, causing losses to society and the general public.

Ding hepatitis and hepatitis B often occur simultaneously. As early as the late 1970s, Italian scholar Charela found a new antigen in the nuclei of liver cells from hepatitis B patients, which was later known as the δ factor. In 1980, it was discovered that the δ factor possessed clear pathogenic properties; in 1984, the International Liver Conference officially designated it as the hepatitis D virus (HDV). Hepatitis D was recognized as a type of infectious hepatitis that could coexist with hepatitis B but differed from hepatitis B in several ways. The symptoms of hepatitis D were identical to those of hepatitis B, though the symptoms tended to be more severe, and the likelihood of chronicity was slightly higher than that of hepatitis B. In the 1980s, hepatitis D became widespread in China, with outbreaks occurring in major cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin—but the incidence rate was lower than in rural areas. There are currently no specific treatments for this disease; whether in traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, treatment strategies are similar to those for hepatitis B. The key diagnostic feature is the detection of HDV; HDV is slightly larger than HBV, measuring around 35–37 nm in diameter. Because it lacks a nucleus or shell, it cannot cause infection independently—it must rely on hepatitis B virus as a carrier to invade the human body.

Hepatitis C and hepatitis E were originally collectively referred to as non-A, non-B hepatitis. In February 1987, the World Health Organization classified non-A, non-B hepatitis into two categories: those transmitted via the gastrointestinal route and those transmitted via blood transfusion. In 1989, the International Liver Conference held in Japan designated those transmitted via the gastrointestinal route as hepatitis E; those transmitted via blood transfusion were designated as hepatitis C. Both viruses had previously been successfully isolated and cultured. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) belongs to the Caliciviridae family, belonging to the third subgroup of RNA viruses, and is extremely unstable in the environment—susceptible to cold, acid, and salt. It spreads through water, hands, and flies, entering the body via the digestive tract. The hepatitis C virus, on the other hand, is a monkey foamy virus, accounting for approximately 80% of infections transmitted through blood transfusions and blood products. It is relatively stable in the environment and also quite stable within the human body, making it less likely to be cleared by the immune system. Like hepatitis A, hepatitis E possesses characteristics such as self-limitation, hepatotropic nature, immune-mediated properties, non-chronicity, and high infectivity. Typically, after 1–1.5 months of illness, patients recover on their own, and once recovered, they develop lifelong immunity. Therefore, although hepatitis E is highly contagious, it does not pose a major threat to humans or society; its treatment approaches are largely similar to those for hepatitis A. Hepatitis C, however, is different: it is transmitted through blood transfusions and blood products, so its transmission risk is not particularly high. However, due to the virus’s relative stability and chronic nature, infected individuals may struggle to recover for a long time, eventually leading to chronic liver disease (LC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Japanese scholars tracked 20 hepatitis C patients for 26 years; apart from one case with normal ALT levels, all others continued to show abnormal values. It can be said that none of the 20 patients recovered over the 28-year period, and five of them eventually developed liver cancer, passing away soon after. Four patients progressed to liver cirrhosis, also dying. Hepatitis C patients often experience few symptoms—only 20–50% of patients report fatigue—but some believe that 80% of hepatitis C patients do not notice any discomfort, and once they begin to feel unwell, they have already entered the stage of liver cirrhosis. Only 10–20% of patients with chronic hepatitis B show chronic tendencies; meanwhile, 50–70% of patients with hepatitis C become chronically ill, highlighting that although hepatitis C is not highly contagious, its impact on human society is truly significant! Currently, the only available treatment for hepatitis C is alpha-interferon, but its efficacy is very poor—HCV clearance rates are only around 10%. According to Japanese studies tracking 20 patients over 28 years, not a single patient recovered. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies have proven effective in treating hepatitis C; I have treated nearly a hundred hepatitis C patients, but because treatment was conducted as outpatient care, most patients did not adhere to long-term medication regimens and left midway. Among the more than ten patients who continued medication for over a year, three cases actually saw HCV clearance, with normal liver function and no subjective symptoms. This demonstrates that the holistic regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies are effective for hepatitis C. I often use the following formulas for reference: 10g of Danggui, 10g of Baiyao, 6g of Chuanxiong, 12g of Shengdi, 20g of Huangqi, 20g of Dan Shen, 20g of Huangjing, 6g of Yu Jin, 10g of Dangshen, 10g of Ze Xie, 6g of Gancao, 10g of Chai Hu, 10g of Huangqin, 6g of Banxia, 6g of Shengjiang, 4 dates, 10g of QinTiao, 10g of Ban Lan Gen, 20g of Yin Chen, decocted in water and taken once daily, with a 60-day course, requiring at least 3–6 courses. Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Hepatitis G is a term coined in 1995 by American physician Haya in response to re-examinations of abnormal particles discovered as early as 1969 in the serum of hepatitis A patients by French scholars. These particles were later confirmed to possess significant pathogenicity and were recognized at the International Liver Congress, where they were named Hepatitis G Virus (HGV). The viral particles are relatively large, with a diameter exceeding 100 nm. In China, the detection rate of this virus is approximately 16.2%, while in the United States it is around 9%. The disease is relatively rare, occurring mainly in a small number of children and is known as giant cell hepatitis. The primary mode of transmission in China is through bloodborne routes, including blood transfusions, blood product infusions, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, mother-to-child transmission, and organ transplantation. To date, no widespread outbreaks or high case numbers have been observed for this disease in China.

Posterior Cranial Fossa Arachnoiditis

In the winter of 1995 (Year of the Boar), I was invited to visit Baiyin City to provide consultation for Kuai, General Manager of Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Corporation. At that time, he had been suffering from headaches for more than four months, characterized by intermittent pain in the occipital region accompanied by neck stiffness and nausea. He had a history of recurrent colds and high fever lasting over a month. One month prior, he had traveled to Beijing specifically to be hospitalized at the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (301 Hospital). After undergoing CT scans, MRI, nuclear scans, lumbar punctures, biochemical tests, and various routine examinations, it was determined that his condition was merely due to cervical spine degeneration, along with stage I hypertension and mild cerebral arteriosclerosis. However, despite various treatments, there was no improvement in his symptoms. During my consultation, his intermittent headaches did not subside; they worsened with coughing and even increased during deep inhalation. He also experienced neck stiffness and nausea/vomiting. Physical examination revealed coarse and flat breath sounds in both lungs, normal heart sounds without murmurs, slight resistance in the neck, symmetrical pupils, and full range of motion in all limbs, with no signs of hemiplegia or facial asymmetry. Neurological reflexes showed slightly sluggish superficial reflexes, moderate hyperreflexia in deeper reflexes, and a weak positive Babinski sign. Given these clinical findings and signs, I concluded that although he had undergone comprehensive examinations at 301 Hospital and no brain or meningeal lesions were detected, meningitis should still be considered: ① viral encephalitis, ② choroid plexus inflammation, or ③ posterior cranial fossa arachnoiditis. Accordingly, I recommended an immediate lumbar puncture for further cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Since the patient had undergone too many examinations during his hospital stay in Beijing, he declined the lumbar puncture. Despite repeated efforts to persuade him, we were unable to achieve a successful outcome. Therefore, I decided to implement the following treatment plan: ① Administer 2 g of Bifidobacterium in 250 ml of saline via intravenous drip, three times daily. ② Administer 200 ml of 20% mannitol via intravenous drip, once daily. ③ Take traditional Chinese medicine in decoction form, one dose per day. The prescription was as follows: 20 g of Shi Jue Ming, 30 g of Zhi Li, 12 g of Sheng Di, 12 g of Gou Qi Zi, 10 g of Sang Ye, 20 g of Ju Hua, 10 g of Dan Pi, 10 g of Shan Zhi, 20 g of Gou Ding, 6 g of Ban Xia, 6 g of Chen Pi, 6 g of Chuan Xiong, 6 g of Bai Zhi, 3 g of Xi Xin, 10 g of Huang Qin, 10 g of Man Jing Zi, 10 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Mai Dong, 6 g of Gan Cao, 15 g each of Qiang Du Huo and Qiang Zuo, and 12 g of Fang Feng. After 10 days of treatment, the patient’s headaches significantly subsided, and his symptoms also improved. It was advised to discontinue Western medications; however, the traditional Chinese medicine formula was adjusted to remove Sang Ye, Ju Hua, Dan Pi, Shan Zhi, Ban Xia, and Chen Pi, adding Wu Yu and Fresh Ginger, which were continued for another two weeks. Two weeks later, the patient came to Lanzhou for an outpatient follow-up appointment, reporting that all symptoms had resolved and he felt completely normal. He was prescribed a modified Six-Flavor Rehmannia Decoction, which was taken to support his recovery.

The diagnosis of this patient could not be confirmed definitively due to his refusal of a lumbar puncture. However, based on his medical history and clinical symptoms, it was clear that intracranial inflammatory lesions were present.

① Intermittent headaches accompanied by sudden vomiting, ② The onset of the disease was marked by recurrent fever resembling an external infection, ③ Headaches worsened with coughing and deep inhalation, indicating elevated intracranial pressure, ④ Although a cerebrospinal fluid examination was conducted in Beijing (-), since the disease was in its early stages, intracranial inflammatory conditions could not be ruled out, ⑤ Treatment for intracranial inflammatory diseases proved effective, ⑥ Based on the location and nature of the headaches, as well as the onset from a common cold, posterior cranial fossa arachnoiditis was the most likely diagnosis.

Experience in Treating Yang Strong but Not Stable

At the end of 1995 (Year of the Boar), a leader in Lanzhou suffered from Yang Strong but Not Stable, a condition that had failed to respond to conventional treatments, so he sought help from me. At that time, the patient was hospitalized at a major hospital. His wife reported that two weeks earlier, he had experienced a mild cold, with a low-grade fever, headache, nasal congestion, and cough. He had taken cold medicine and received antibiotic injections as well as glucose-saline solutions. Due to his busy work schedule and frequent meetings, he had become overly fatigued. One week prior, he developed Yang Strong but Not Stable, experiencing insomnia throughout the night. Although sedatives and hypnotics had been tried at a local hospital, they were ineffective. After being transferred to a provincial-level hospital, he underwent two penile blood draws totaling about 200 ml, but still saw no improvement. He also called the Urology and Reproductive Medicine Department at 301 Hospital for consultation, but was told that if there were no signs of relief, local vascular reconstruction might be considered, and experts would be sent to Lanzhou to assist with surgery if necessary. As the patient and his family refused surgical treatment, they turned to me for help.

When I examined him, he had been sleepless for a week, exhausted, and often appeared fearful and anxious. Upon examining his lower body, I noticed that his penis was swollen, resembling a loofah, with a purplish-red hue and darkening to a darker shade, and it was extremely painful to the touch. I told his family that this condition was caused by excessive work and severe psychological stress, leading to emotional imbalance, disruption of yin and yang, yin failing to contain yang, and yang becoming strong but not stable. From a Western medical perspective, excessive fatigue and psychological stress were thought to cause dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system, with a predominance of sympathetic nerve excitation. In summary, the root cause and primary symptom of this condition lay in functional disorders—were there any organic changes? There were no significant indications yet, though the two local blood draws may have led to localized infections; the pain and redness and burning sensation in the penis were clear indicators of this. Given this situation, current treatment should focus on changing the environment, alleviating mental fear, and allowing the patient to rest in a peaceful and relaxed atmosphere, using traditional Chinese medicine to gradually restore health. At this moment, it was absolutely forbidden to frequently resort to local interventions such as blood draws or vascular reconstruction. The penis is a special organ that can be large or small—large like a tomato or a stick, small like a millet or a mulberry. Its size is determined by the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system! Psychological factors play a crucial role; any local stimulation can increase the patient's embarrassment and fear, making his mental state even more tense and exacerbating the condition. The patient’s anxiety and fear were already heightened by the two local blood draws, and the local treatments had not yielded results. Only when 200 ml of blood was drawn did the penis appear slightly softer, only to quickly return to its previous hardness. This proved that unless psychological stress was relieved, the patient’s yang would never truly calm down. Local treatments had proven ineffective, and attempting further vascular reconstruction only added insult to injury—truly adding fuel to the fire. My approach was warmly supported by the patient and his family, who unanimously agreed to discharge him home for treatment. When I boldly shared this view, and everyone agreed to follow this treatment plan, I realized that the responsibility I bore was far greater than usual. Having crossed the river, I knew I had no choice but to move forward, and thus I implemented the following treatment:

① Take one dose of traditional Chinese medicine, decocted in water; ② Add 3 g of Bifidobacterium to 200 ml of saline, administered via intravenous drip once daily; ③ Administer 250 ml of Metronidazole via intravenous drip once daily; ④ Spend the days at home resting, listening to music, watching TV, striving to create a relaxed environment and maintain inner peace, eating light meals three times a day.

The traditional Chinese medicine prescription was as follows: The patient experienced bitter mouth and dry throat, chest fullness and restlessness, general heaviness of the body, difficulty lying down or getting up, a feeling of discomfort in the heart, swelling and pain in the lower body, tightness in the lower abdomen, constipation, red and painful urination, a deep, strong, slippery, rapid pulse, a red tongue with thick, greasy yellow coating. The condition was characterized by the invasion of Shaoyang evil into the interior, transforming into heat in the bladder, causing blood stasis in the lower burner, yin failing to contain yang, and yang becoming strong but not stable. The treatment aimed to harmonize Shaoyang, clear heat, and calm the heavy energy and suppress yang. The formula included Chai Hu, Long Gu, and Mulberry Bark, with modifications: Chai Hu 10 g, Huang Qin 10 g, Ban Xia 10 g, Dang Shen 10 g, Zhì Gan Cao 10 g, Da Huang 6 g, Zhi Shi 10 g, Bai Shao 15 g, Dan Pi 10 g, Tao Ren 10 g, Gui Zhi 10 g, Fu Ling 12 g, Shan Zhi 10 g, Dou Chi 10 g, Sheng Long Gu and Sheng Tie 20 g each, Sheng Tie Lu 200 g (first decocted), Fu Mian 30 g, and 4 jujubes. The medicine was taken in decoction form. Additionally, he was instructed to receive 25 ml of Dormicum and 25 ml of Pheniramine every night. After just three doses of medication, treated for only three days, the patient’s penis had completely softened, and he began to feel comfortable all over, with his emotions gradually stabilizing. His family was overjoyed and constantly praised me. We removed Sheng Tie Lu, Shan Zhi, and Dou Chi, adding 6 g each of Jiao San Xian and 3 g of Sheng Da Huang to continue the treatment. The Western medicine Metronidazole was also discontinued, and Dormicum and Pheniramine were stopped before bedtime, allowing the patient to fall asleep peacefully. Three days later, all symptoms had subsided, his lower body returned to normal, though his skin still retained a dark hue, and he experienced significant peeling and wrinkling. Because of his busy work schedule, he returned to work immediately. It was advised to continue taking Six-Flavor Rehmannia Pills to support his recovery.

Treatment of Gout

Gout arises from excessive uric acid levels in the blood. Uric acid is a final product of protein metabolism and is typically excreted in urine, with a normal serum level ranging from 2 to 4 mg%, meaning that 2–4 mg of uric acid is present in every 100 ml of blood. Converted to equivalent concentrations, this amounts to 150–450 mg%. Excess uric acid is commonly found in individuals who are obese, overnourished, or lack physical activity—these people are also prone to hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, gallstones, and other related conditions. Consequently, hyperuricemia often coexists with these diseases. Uric acid tends to deposit in the synovial membranes of the joints, particularly in the lowest parts of the body, so the first areas affected are usually the big toe and the little toe, followed by the ankles, knees, hips, and other joints. The primary cause of pain is the deposition of uric acid in the periosteum of subcutaneous joints, sometimes forming stones that irritate nerves or trigger allergic reactions, leading to pain. The pain often occurs intermittently, recurring every few days or months, lasting for several days each time, often after overeating fatty or sweet foods or attending banquets involving alcohol. Beyond the aforementioned pain sites, any joint in the body can be affected; in advanced cases, gout can lead to gouty nephritis due to kidney involvement, and some patients may develop renal failure.

Western medicine treats this condition with colchicine, administered as a 1 mg injection, twice daily for pain relief, or via intravenous drip until the pain subsides—this treatment can be used continuously for 3–5 sessions. Other options include probenecid, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, and benzbromarone. Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment, as this condition often develops in individuals who are overnourished and obese. According to the "Jin Kui Yao Lü," "Those who are honored and prosperous often have weak bones and thick skin," as their bones are weak and deficient, and damp-heat takes advantage of this weakness, combining with damp-heat to obstruct qi circulation; when qi is blocked, pain arises. Damp-heat tends to descend, so pain in the toes often appears first. In TCM, damp-heat descending is the primary framework for syndrome differentiation; the preferred formulas include Si Miao San with modifications, Tao Lan He Ji, Shen Tong Zhu Yi Tang, and Jia Wei Shao Yang Tang.

1. Si Miao San with Modifications: 9 g of Cang Zhu, 9 g of Huang Po, 10 g each of Qiang Du Huo, Sang Ji Sheng, 15 g of Ye Chi Dou, 12 g of Wan Can Sha, 6 g of Si Gua Luo, 12 g of Chou Wu Tong, 12 g of Han Fang Ji, 30 g of Tu Fu Ling, 12 g of Dan Shen, 12 g of Hu Zhang, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day.

This formula is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine formula from the late renowned old Chinese medicine practitioner Gu Bo Hua at Shanghai Longhua Hospital. I have used it clinically for over 20 years, treating countless patients with gout, most of whom responded effectively. However, what exactly is Bing Qiu Zi in this formula? After reviewing ancient and modern texts, no definitive answer could be found; Mr. Gu has passed away, leaving us with no way to inquire further. In clinical practice, I substituted 15 g each of Chuan Cao Wu, decocting them for 1 hour, which seemed to yield even better results.

2. Tao Lan He Ji: 15 g each of Qiang Du Huo, Fang Feng, 10 g of Zhi Mu, 10 g of Mai Dong, 15 g of Ren Dong Teng, 10 g of Tao Ren, 10 g of Ze Lan, 6 g of Zhu Ru, 3 g of Xue Jie (taken as a powder), decocted in water and taken as one dose per day.

This formula was originally developed by my father, Shen Gong, a renowned physician from Longshang, known for his skill in treating various ailments across Qin and Long. He once taught this formula, saying that it was as effective as a miracle for toe pain—and it was worth treasuring. Over the past decade or so, whenever I encountered gout patients, I often found that this formula provided remarkable results.

3. Shen Tong Zhu Yi Tang with Modifications: 10 g of Dang Gui, 6 g of Chuan Xiong, 10 g of Tao Ren, 3 g of Hong Hua, 10 g of Mo Yao, 6 g of Wu Ling Zhi, 6 g of Gan Cao, 15 g of Di Long, 15 g of Qin Tiao, 10 g each of Qiang Du Huo, 6 g of Xiang Fu, 20 g of Chuan Niu Xi, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day.

This formula is a classic remedy from Wang Qing Ren’s “Yi Lin Gai Cuo,” where Wang stated that this formula could treat “shoulder pain, arm pain, lower back pain, leg pain, or pain throughout the body—all collectively known as ‘bi zhang’… if the original formula does not work, this formula can be used.” I have long used this formula to treat advanced gout, and in addition to toe and lower limb pain, it has also proven effective for generalized joint pain throughout the body, especially when accompanied by hematuria or proteinuria due to kidney damage.

4. Jia Wei Shao Yang Tang with Modifications: 20 g of Bai Shao, 6 g of Gan Cao, 15 g of Qing Feng Teng, 15 g of Hai Feng Teng, 15 g of Ji Xue Teng, 20 g of Mu Gua, 20 g of Sheng Yi Ren, 20 g of Huai Niu Xi, 15 g of Wei Ling Xian, 10 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Dang Shen, 20 g of Huang Qi, 3 g of Hong Hua, 15 g each of Chuan Cao Wu (decocted for 1 hour), 10 g of Gui Zhi, 20 g of Sang Zhi, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day.

This formula is a personal experience of mine; for over 40 years, whenever I encountered patients with sciatica caused by gout, this formula always worked effectively. It is essential to decoct the Chuan Cao Wu in water for 1 hour—otherwise, there is a risk of caustic poisoning from Aconite.

A Brief Discussion on Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is often referred to as dermatomyositis with skin abnormalities, and its English symbol is DM. It is a chronic disease primarily affecting the proximal muscles of the limbs, while simultaneously causing diverse skin lesions. The exact cause of the disease remains unclear, but the medical community generally agrees that it is an autoimmune disorder. Dermatomyositis can occur at any age, with women being more commonly affected than men, with a ratio of approximately 2:1. The lesions typically manifest in two ways: ① Skin lesions—various erythematous patches and nodules, varying in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters. ② Muscle lesions—the transverse muscles of the limbs become stiff, painful, and accompanied by a sense of weakness and pain, often with significant tenderness and movement-related pain. Eventually, severe muscle weakness may develop, and the presence of muscle pain can aid in differentiating it from myasthenia gravis. Any part of the body’s muscles can be affected, including eye muscles and neck muscles. The former may present with ptosis, while the latter may show neck deviation. In advanced stages, the disease can also affect vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys; the digestive and hematopoietic systems can also be impacted, with conditions like heart failure, interstitial pneumonia, and retinal hemorrhages often occurring.

The diagnostic criteria for this disease primarily rely on the following positive findings: ① elevated gamma globulin levels, ② approximately half of the patients test positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF), and ③ elevated transaminases. These three tests are non-specific and not absolute indicators—they serve only as reference points. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are diagnostic markers for all autoimmune diseases, particularly useful in diagnosing lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a positivity rate reaching up to 95%. However, this marker can also be positive in numerous other conditions, such as chronic inflammation and defects in B-cell immune function—all of which can lead to positive ANA results, thereby diminishing the significance of this indicator in diagnosing dermatomyositis. In Western medicine, the first-line treatment for dermatomyositis is usually hormone therapy (adrenal corticosteroids), and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate are also commonly used.

Traditional Chinese medicine views the skin as the master of the skin and hair, while the spleen governs the muscles. The pathogenic mechanism of wind-cold invading through the skin and hair is the key to understanding the disease. When heat and dampness combine, the skin becomes red, swollen, and painful, while the muscles become stiff and hot to the touch. The treatment aims to dispel wind and dampness, strengthen the spleen, and open the lungs. Below are some commonly used formulas:

(1) Gui Zhi Shao Yang Tang with Modifications: 10 g of Gui Zhi, 10 g of Bai Shao, 6 g of Gan Cao, 10 g of Zhi Mu, 6 g of Gan Jiang, 6 g of Gan Cao, 12 g of Fang Feng, 10 g of Ma Huang, 10 g of Bai Zhu, 6 g of Fu Pian, 20 g of Tao Ren, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day. This formula originates from “Jin Kui Yao Lü” and is used for early-stage dermatomyositis, when the skin presents with erythema, hard swelling, and painful redness.

(2) Yang He Tang with Modifications: 10 g of Ma Huang, 10 g of Bai Jie Zi, 10 g of Lu Jiao Jiao, 12 g of Sheng Di, 3 g of Rou Gui, 10 g of Jiang Tan, 6 g of Gan Cao, 6 g of Zhi Mu, 15 g of Gong Ying, 15 g of Baishang, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day. This formula comes from “Wai Ke Quan Sheng Ji” and is used for muscle stiffness, swelling, and fever, along with limb weakness.

(3) Tuo Li Tou Nong Tang: 20 g of Huang Qi, 10 g of Dang Gui, 10 g of Bai Zhu, 10 g of Dang Shen, 6 g of Sheng Ma, 10 g of Shan Jia, 10 g of Shao Shi, 6 g of Bai Zhi, 6 g of Gan Cao, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day. This formula originates from “Yi Zong Jin Jian” and is used for skin swelling, hardness, and persistent pain that do not heal, having already affected internal organs and leading to symptoms such as ptosis, visceral prolapse, and neck deviation.

(4) Nei Bu Huang Qi Tang with Modifications: 10 g of Dang Shen, 10 g of Bai Zhu, 10 g of Fu Ling, 6 g of Gan Cao, 10 g of Dang Gui, 12 g of Sheng Di, 10 g of Bai Shao, 6 g of Chuan Xiong, 30 g of Huang Qi, 3 g of Rou Gui, 10 g of Mai Dong, 6 g of Yuan Zhi, decocted in water and taken as one dose per day. This formula comes from “Wai Ke Fa Xing” and is used for advanced dermatomyositis, when patients exhibit myasthenia gravis, fatigue, loss of appetite, and are bedridden.

(5) Xiao Feng Chu Shi Capsules: Developed through over 40 years of clinical experience, these capsules primarily contain Chuan Cao Wu and Leigong Teng. They are repeatedly decocted in water, then concentrated and re-decocted to form an extract, which is then combined with Yuan Hu and water worm powder. These capsules are used to treat all connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and others. Each capsule contains 0.25 g, taken three times daily, two capsules each time, after meals.

Among these formulas, Xiao Feng Chu Shi Capsules can be taken as a regular remedy; the remaining formulas should be selected and adjusted according to the patient’s clinical presentation, employing syndrome differentiation and individualized treatment. Over the past 40 years, I have treated over a hundred patients with this condition, and most of them achieved satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.

A Brief Discussion on Molecular Biology

In recent years, with the advancement of molecular biology, our understanding of life sciences has steadily deepened. As early as the 20th century, Engels once said, “Life is the form in which proteins exist,” but the true meaning of this statement can only be fully understood now, with the highly developed field of molecular biology. In the mid-18th century, Weyl proposed cellular pathology, suggesting that the human body is composed of countless cells—a “kingdom of cells”—and that all diseases result from cellular damage. This conclusion has been refined and expanded over more than a century; today, thanks to the tremendous progress of molecular biology, scientists have delved into cellular structures to explore the origins and progression of disease, elevating medical science to an unprecedented level.

Human cells are composed of four main components: the nucleus, the cytoplasm, organelles, and the cell membrane. Organelles include mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. The nucleus is the core of the cell, where deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are concentrated; both directly influence cellular metabolism, activity, growth, division, and proliferation. Typically, DNA serves as a carrier, transferring relevant information to RNA, which then facilitates cell growth, development, or death. Some anti-cancer drugs work by inhibiting the division and proliferation of tumor cells because they directly insert themselves into the DNA of cancer cells. DNA acts as a template, with small grooves on its surface serving as channels for RNA polymerase. Through these channels, RNA expresses information, extending the RNA chain and enabling cell growth. When anticancer drugs enter DNA, they block the small grooves, preventing DNA polymerase from accessing the RNA channel, thus preventing RNA from extending its chains. As a result, tumor cells cannot obtain sufficient RNA and DNA, hindering their ability to proliferate—and this is how the commonly known anti-tumor effects are achieved. DNA and RNA can be collectively referred to as nucleic acids; although the former is called deoxyribonucleic acid, the latter is called ribonucleic acid, both share the same nucleic acid sequence. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleosides, which consist of bases and sugar molecules. Bases typically include purines and pyrimidines; purines are divided into adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines include cytosine, uracil, and thymine. These five bases are often represented by the English letters A, G, C, U, and T. Sugar, also known as pentose sugars, are fixed components of bases, giving nucleic acids a certain degree of stability. Nucleic acids are linked together by phosphodiester bonds, forming higher-order polypeptide structures such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Well-known higher-order polypeptide nucleic acids in the human body—including adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate—are all examples of this type. Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Nuclear substances can still be stained by stain agents; these substances are collectively known as chromosomes, also referred to as chromatin. Chromatin often exists in pairs, forming a diploid state. Its importance lies in determining the genetic information of different organisms. Human chromosomes consist of 23 pairs, totaling 46 chromosomes, with 22 pairs being autosomes and 1 pair being sex chromosomes. In males, one of the two sex chromosomes is the X chromosome, while the other is the Y chromosome; in females, both sex chromosomes are X chromosomes, which determines the differences between male and female sexes. The fundamental component of chromosomes is DNA. In the 20th century, people were accustomed to the idea that many DNA molecules formed a single chromosome; however, since the 21st century, with the advent of advanced gel electrophoresis technology, it has been discovered that each chromosome contains only a single linear DNA molecule. In addition to DNA, each chromosome also carries twice the amount of protein contained within its DNA. Most of these proteins are tightly bound to DNA, known as histones, while a small portion of proteins that do not bind to DNA are called non-histone proteins. Histones are associated with gene transcription, whereas non-histone proteins reside within chromatin, helping to maintain its structural integrity. In summary, both histones and non-histone proteins are indispensable components of chromosomes, participating in all aspects of chromosome function, including the transcription of genetic information. At the end of the 20th century, people observed the process of apoptosis—a completely new concept. Previously, it was generally believed that cell death was the only way for cells to perish. However, with the application of electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, and other technologies, researchers have fully elucidated the entire process of apoptosis. Cell death involves the complete collapse of the entire cell—its membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and other components—within a short period of time, leaving the cell with no recognizable form and virtually devoid of any visible structure. In contrast, apoptosis is a gradual process of cellular decline that occurs while the cell membrane remains intact.

Looking at our understanding of molecular biology, traditional Chinese medicine’s theory of etiology aligns well with these findings! TCM teaches that “when righteous qi resides within, evil cannot take hold,” and “where evil gathers, qi must be deficient.” This demonstrates the TCM theory of “righteous qi deficiency leading to disease.” When we speak of “righteous qi deficiency,” we refer to the weakening of the body’s own physiological functions—functions that rely on modern molecular biological research. It has been proven that the most fundamental changes occur within cellular structures, including gene mutations, cell apoptosis, and subtle alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid, as well as purines and pyrimidines. TCM’s “righteous qi” encompasses the middle qi, defensive qi, nourishing qi, kidney qi—and so on. These microscopic changes occurring within cells can be summarized under the term “deficiency of righteous qi,” and by strengthening righteous qi and reinforcing the root causes, we can address these micro-level changes through appropriate treatment methods. TCM’s principle of “changes manifesting internally but appearing externally” suggests that internal changes—such as extremely subtle alterations in molecular structures—will inevitably lead to observable and measurable external changes in the human body. Apoptosis begins with a reduction in the volume of apoptotic cells, followed by their detachment from neighboring healthy cells. The cell membrane becomes wrinkled, with surface protrusions resembling bubbles, and the cytoplasm becomes dense. Initially, cellular organelles show little change. Changes within the cell nucleus are particularly evident: chromosomes shrink and begin to break apart, gradually gathering toward the nuclear periphery, forming a crescent-shaped configuration, while the nucleolus also begins to degrade. Finally, the cell membrane invaginates, splitting a single cell into multiple small vesicles, each enclosed by a membrane and containing cellular organelles—these are known as apoptotic bodies. During their existence, apoptotic bodies still retain certain functions, such as maintaining membrane permeability, but they are ultimately engulfed by endothelial tissue. The concept of apoptosis supports the traditional TCM theories of “yang transforming qi into yin, yin forming form,” and “when yang is severed and yin is lost, essence and qi disperse”—all of which align with the theory of apoptosis. The preservation of the cell membrane indicates that yin still exists, while the onset of apoptosis signifies the disappearance of yang; though form remains, yang is absent, reflecting the phenomenon of yang being severed and yin being lost.

For thousands of years, although traditional Chinese medicine did not have the means to observe molecular biological changes through microscopic techniques, it has still cured countless diseases based solely on the external manifestations of illness, accumulating a vast array of highly valuable and effective formulas, as well as theoretical principles for diagnosing and treating diseases. In recent years, with the development of integrated Chinese and Western medical research, it has been demonstrated that many TCM prescriptions can significantly enhance the activity of telomerase within cells, boost the efficacy of superoxide dismutase, and improve the function of NF-κB… All of this clearly shows that “Chinese medicine is a great treasure trove that should be diligently explored and further developed.”

A Brief Account of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer, also known as esophageal carcinoma, is one of the most common malignant tumors. Among China’s provinces, those in North China and Northwest China exhibit the highest incidence rates; among them, Gansu Province sees the highest incidence in the Hexi Corridor region. Currently, surgical treatment combined with radiation and chemotherapy remains the preferred approach for treating esophageal cancer. However, surgery for upper and middle esophageal cancers often has poor prognoses and presents significant challenges. Many rural farmers lack access to surgical care, and even patients with limited financial resources often miss out on surgical options or the opportunity for radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies remain a primary choice for some esophageal cancer patients. Over more than 40 years of practice, I have treated nearly a hundred esophageal cancer patients using traditional Chinese medicine and herbal remedies. My experience has shown that these therapies do indeed offer some therapeutic benefits, and in some cases, patients have achieved complete recovery.

In the spring of 1997, Li, a 56-year-old man from Jiuquan, was diagnosed with mid-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at a hospital in Jiuquan. Due to high hospital costs and financial difficulties at home, he came to Lanzhou seeking treatment from me. He only hoped to receive a traditional Chinese medicine formula to take home and continue treatment on his own—his fate was uncertain, and he had no other expectations. Mr. Li struggled to swallow, experienced weight loss, felt fatigued, and his complexion was dull. His pulse was deep, tense, slippery, and rapid, with a weak pulse at the base of the palm. His tongue was red, enlarged, with tooth-like markings, coated with yellow, thick, and greasy coating. This condition indicated kidney water deficiency, wood stagnation leading to fire, damp heat coalescing in the middle burner, liver qi rising upward into the chest, stomach qi struggling to descend, and spleen qi failing to ascend. The treatment should focus on nourishing water to nurture wood, harmonizing the stomach to reduce upward movement of qi, and regulating qi and blood. I prescribed a formula combining Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill with Qidi Powder: Rehmannia Root 12g, Cornus Fruit 10g, Dioscorea Rhizome 10g, Cortex Phellodendri 10g, Poria 10g, Alisma 10g, Cinnamon Twig 10g, Curcuma Longa Rhizome 6g, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 10g, Fritillaria Bulb 10g, Amomum Villosum 6g, Dried Lotus Leaf 10g, Perilla Seed 10g, Pinellia Rhizome 6g, Magnolia Bark 10g, Citrus Aurantium Peel 10g, Pinellia Rhizome 6g, Prunella Vulgaris 15g, Dried Eupatorium Root 10g, Coptis Chinensis 6g, Scutellaria Baicalensis 10g, Dried Ginger 6g, Polygala Root 6g, Atractylodes Rhizome 10g. The formula was prepared by decocting the herbs in water, one dose per day. Mr. Li left the clinic with the prescription, but I didn’t expect much from him, as I thought he would simply return home and continue taking the medicine. More than a year later, in the autumn of 1998, Mr. Li returned for a follow-up visit. I saw him holding the prescription in his hand—now worn and faded, with blurred characters. He appeared energetic, his complexion was good, and his speech was clear and fluent. He exclaimed loudly, “Doctor Pei, you saved my life!” He then began to praise me endlessly. After a long look at him, I couldn’t recognize who he was—but when I finally took the prescription in my hands and examined it closely, I suddenly remembered the case I had treated a year earlier. Looking closely again, I realized that the patient was indeed the same one who had been diagnosed with mid-esophageal cancer. After seeing me a year ago, Mr. Li had taken the prescription home, hoping to try it out. He had taken a few doses, and after finishing them, he felt somewhat relieved. He continued to take the medicine, one dose at a time, like a blind cat catching a dead mouse. By February, he was able to swallow without difficulty, his confidence grew, and his family was overjoyed. They reduced their food intake to cover the cost of the medicine. Eventually, he persisted with the treatment for over 300 doses. This summer, the fields were abundant, and he sold more than a thousand jin of grain, raising a few hundred yuan to come to Lanzhou—to thank the doctor for saving his life and to undergo another checkup to confirm whether he had fully recovered. I conducted a general inquiry and physical examination, finding no abnormalities. A barium swallow and gastroscopy also showed no signs of disease. I asked him to bring the barium X-ray and gastroscopy reports from the hospital in Jiuquan, which had previously confirmed that he had no mid-esophageal cancer. This case gave me great encouragement. Since then, whenever I encounter patients with esophageal cancer who are unwilling to undergo surgery or lack the necessary conditions for surgery, I have used the above formula, adjusted and modified according to the diagnosis, and achieved certain therapeutic results.

When discussing traditional Chinese medicine treatment for esophageal cancer, we find that there are numerous single formulas, experimental prescriptions, and treatment experiences. Below, I have compiled some of the formulas I have personally tried and found effective, for readers’ reference.

(1) Zeng Junshan’s Formula: Astragalus 30g, Angelica Sinensis 15g, White Peony 20g, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 10g, Prepared Bitter Melon Seed 6g each, Manchurian Chestnut 10g, Saponaria Root 10g, Dried Eupatorium Root 10g, Clematis Armandii Vine 10g, Polygala Root 6g, Prunella Vulgaris 15g. The formula was decocted in water, one dose per day. Zeng Junshan was a professor at Lanzhou Medical College, renowned for both his academic achievements and his personal integrity, embodying the demeanor of an elder. In the year 2000, he specially came to my clinic to demonstrate this formula, saying that he had successfully treated many patients with esophageal cancer. I treasured this formula and incorporated it into clinical practice, where it proved to be highly effective.

(2) Shennong Pills and General’s Powder:

• ① Shennong Pills: 10g of Parthenolide powder, 2g of Licorice, 3g of Glutinous Rice, made into pills about the size of soybeans, weighing approximately 0.25g each. Take 6–12 pills each night, dissolved in warm boiled water.
• ② General’s Powder: 6g of Sandalwood, 6g of Cinnabar, 6g of Borax, 15g of Amomum Villosum, 6g of Indigo, 6g of Leeches, 9g each of Black and White Crabs, 15g of Ginseng, 10 centipedes, 30g of Clam Powder, 15g of Persimmon Cake, 15g of Asterisk Flower, 60g of White Sugar, 15g of Rheum, 15g of Glauber’s Salt, 6g of Licorice—all ground into a fine powder. Take 5g three times daily, dissolved in warm boiled water after meals.

This formula was commonly used by Dr. Shilan Ling at the Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and was published in the book “Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Tumors” (People’s Health Publishing House, 1995). Shennong Pills and General’s Powder could be used in combination; the former was a preparation derived from Parthenolide, taken only once each evening before bed. Because Parthenolide carries significant toxicity, dosage should be strictly controlled and excessive amounts should be avoided. The General’s Powder primarily consisted of sandalwood and insect-based ingredients, which were relatively less toxic, making it suitable as a powder. It was taken three times daily, dissolved in warm boiled water after meals.

(3) Compound Xuanfu Daihe Tang: Xuanfu Flower 9g, Raw Hematite 30g, Pinellia Rhizome 9g, Bamboo Shoot 9g, Agarwood 9g, Clove 9g, Agarwood 9g, Gardenia 9g, Fructus Gardeniae 9g, Acorn 15g, Scarab Beetle 15g, Calcined Oyster Shell 30g, Prunella Vulgaris 15g, Seaweed 15g, Kelp 15g. The formula was decocted in water, one dose per day. This formula was a well-known remedy used by Professor Zeng Yongzhong at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; I had tried it clinically and found it effective for patients with severe nausea related to esophageal cancer. I once created a mnemonic to help remember the formula: “Xuanfu Daihe, two golden fragrances, bamboo, thick, urgent, calcined grass, scarab beetle.”

(4) Half-Chen Combination: Pinellia Rhizome 6g, Tangerine Peel 6g, Citrus Aurantium Peel 10g, Agarwood 6g, Trichosanthes 12g, Curcuma Longa 12g, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 10g, Amomum Villosum 10g, Coptis Chinensis 12g, Evodia Fruit 10g, Rheum 7g, Magnolia Bark 12g, Flea Grass 30g, Licorice 6g. The formula was decocted in water, one dose per day. This formula was a well-known remedy used by Professor Wei Wenhan at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; I had tried it clinically and found it effective, so I created the following mnemonic: “Half against Three, Citrus Aurantium, Big Sandalwood, Right Side, Thick, Left Side, Flea Grass.”

In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine’s understanding of esophageal cancer remained largely confined to conditions such as dysphagia and nausea, with the primary pathogenic mechanism focusing on gastric qi failing to descend and spleen qi failing to ascend. Commonly used formulas included Xiangsha Liu Jun, Half-Chen, Si Qi Tang, and Xuanfu Daihe Tang. The five formulas mentioned above were personal favorites of mine, drawn from contemporary experience, incorporating a large number of insect-based ingredients, metal-based compounds, heat-clearing and fire-draining agents, qi-regulating and blood-promoting agents, and anti-inflammatory and mass-reducing agents. Beyond these, I also emphasized the importance of strengthening righteous qi and consolidating the root cause—“In the Surgical Classic, ‘When accumulation occurs, it is due to deficiency of righteous qi; only when righteous qi is deficient can accumulation take place.’ Thus, the use of Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill, Baoyuan, and Xiangsha Liu Jun should never be overlooked.”

Further Discussion on Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis is not uncommon in clinical practice. While Western medicine and pharmaceutical treatments have shown some effectiveness with hormones in the short term, there have been no drugs capable of addressing the root cause. Traditional Chinese medicine, however, holds tremendous potential. In clinical practice, it is essential to first clearly distinguish myasthenia gravis from radiculitis in order to apply appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Both conditions share similar symptoms—weakness or mild paralysis affecting one side or a single limb, along with functional impairments. Clinically, these conditions are often easily confused, but their underlying mechanisms differ significantly in TCM.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lesions primarily located at the neuromuscular junction. The disease is marked by chronic muscle fatigue and weakness, often making it difficult to move muscles freely. Some cases result in chronic, progressive disability. The most common sites of onset include eye muscles, muscles involved in speech, muscles involved in swallowing, muscles involved in chewing and biting—any muscle group in the head, face, neck, or cervical region may become affected. If any muscle group in the head, face, or neck is weak or impaired, myasthenia gravis should be considered as a possible diagnosis. Shoulder muscles and hip muscles are also frequently affected. Occasionally, myasthenia gravis can trigger critical episodes characterized by increased sympathetic nervous system tension, presenting with a series of clinical symptoms indicative of sympathetic hyperactivity, such as dilated pupils and significant reductions in secretions (tears, saliva, phlegm). In some cases, however, the critical episode may also involve parasympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, with clinical manifestations dominated by parasympathetic overactivity, such as profuse sweating, increased intestinal peristalsis, increased secretions, abdominal pain and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and constricted pupils. Radiculitis, on the other hand, is caused by viral infection affecting the nerve roots; the viruses responsible are often influenza viruses. As a result, patients often report a history of recurrent colds and fever. For a considerable period of time, people mistakenly believed that this condition might be caused by high fever leading to excessive consumption of B vitamins, ultimately resulting in nerve root inflammation. The site of onset for radiculitis is typically the limbs, beginning with muscle pain and numbness, followed by muscle atrophy and eventual functional impairment, leading to limb paralysis. While radiculitis is quite common in clinical practice, myasthenia gravis is far less frequent! Traditional Chinese medicine has historically classified these two conditions as “withering syndrome,” “blood stasis,” or “deficiency-related waning,” with their pathogenic mechanisms often rooted in “qi deficiency,” “blood not nourishing tendons,” or “blood deficiency leading to wind.”

The underlying organs involved in these conditions are primarily the spleen, kidneys, liver, and lungs—after all, the spleen governs central qi, the lungs control zong qi, the liver controls tendons, and the kidneys control bones.

Myasthenia gravis is often caused by qi deficiency. The treatment should focus on tonifying the lungs and strengthening the spleen, while simultaneously nourishing both qi and blood. The preferred formulas include Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Ba Zhen Decoction. In cases with prolonged disease progression, when qi is damaged and yang is weakened, or when lung qi is deficient and kidney qi is also compromised, the Eight Immortal Longevity Pill is often used as a main formula with additions and modifications. Additionally, Zhang Xichun’s Sheng Xian Tang is also an effective treatment for this condition. Radiculitis, however, is more often attributed to “blood not nourishing tendons” or “blood deficiency leading to wind.” The Golden Cabinet’s Feng Yin Tang, along with the recent work of Zhao Xintian’s Tao Hong Si Wu He San Chong and Zhang Xichun’s Zhen Wei Tang, are all excellent formulas for treating these conditions. Based on over 40 years of clinical experience, I believe that the TCM diagnostic approach to these two conditions should not be rigidly separated. The autoimmune changes in myasthenia gravis fall under the category of “deficiency” in TCM; while radiculitis is often triggered by influenza viruses, once lesions develop, the virus’s influence is minimal—“where evil gathers, qi must be deficient.” The reason the virus was able to invade nerve roots was precisely due to qi deficiency. Both conditions belong to the realm of TCM’s “deficiency” syndrome; when qi is deficient, it is necessary to replenish it—this is the fundamental approach to treatment. I believe that the treatment for both conditions ultimately focuses on tonifying the center and strengthening the kidneys, while other interventions serve to alleviate symptoms. The formulas for tonifying the root cause have already been discussed above; the additional formulas for alleviating symptoms will now be described:

(1) Tonifying Agents: Dodder Seed, Goji Berry, Cinnamon, Adhesive Herb, Plantago Seed, Female Tree, Polygonum cuspidatum, Deer Antler Gelatin, Turtle Shell Gelatin, Lock Yang, Large Black Bean;

(2) Circulation-Enhancing Agents: Angelica Sinensis, Peach Kernel, Safflower, Green Wind Vine, Sea Wind Vine, Chicken Blood Vine, Chinese Wolfberry, Cinnamon Twig, Mulberry Twig;

(3) Wind-Dispersing Agents: Ginger Worm, Whole Scorpion, Centipede, Leech, Qiang Du Huo, Fang Feng, Mulberry Twig, Hui Yi Cao, Weiling Xian.

Multiple Liver Cysts

Since the development of imaging diagnostics, the detection rate of liver cysts has increased dramatically, leading to widespread attention on this condition. In the 1970s, surgeons often performed surgical procedures to treat large liver cysts, employing techniques such as percutaneous hepatic aspiration to drain fluid from the cysts—but the outcomes were often unsatisfactory. Later, through extensive clinical observations, it became clear that liver cysts are congenital conditions—most cysts persist throughout a person’s lifetime without affecting their work or daily life. Only in the following three situations do liver cysts grow larger, develop, or worsen:

① Excessive exertion (exceeding one’s capacity to endure)

② Emotional distress and anger—commonly known as “great anger harming the liver”

③ Improper diet, especially alcohol consumption, which can undoubtedly exacerbate liver cysts.

These three factors are the primary causes of liver cyst enlargement and progression. Therefore, for small, solitary liver cysts, it is sufficient to maintain a light, balanced diet, avoid alcohol, refrain from anger and frustration, and avoid excessive strain—such measures can help prevent complications and ensure lifelong health. Larger cysts may require intervention through puncture and intervention. Multiple liver cysts, when clustered together, can compress liver tissue, leading to jaundice, portal hypertension, and ascites; in such cases, hospitalization is often recommended. I have treated two patients with severe multiple liver cysts in my outpatient clinic.

In the autumn of 1995, Ding, a 38-year-old man, presented with abdominal distension as large as a clay pot, with the lower edge of his liver extending into the pelvic cavity. Despite this, he was still able to move and live normally, and a CT scan and ultrasound confirmed the presence of multiple liver cysts. I proposed the following formula:

Chai Hu 10g, Zhi Shi 10g, White Peony 20g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Xiang Fu 6g, Licorice 6g, Rheum 10g, Scutellaria Baicalensis 10g, Coptis Chinensis 3g, Salvia Miltiorrhiza 10g, Agarwood 6g, Cardamom 6g, Yuan Hu 10g, Fructus Gardeniae 10g, Prepared Bitter Melon Seed 6g, Dried Ginger 6g—decocted in water, one dose per day.

After taking 10 doses, the patient’s liver visibly shrank, and his abdominal distension was noticeably reduced compared to before. Ding was a farmer from Wushan, Gansu Province, whose family was financially strained and who lacked the funds for further examinations. He said he felt well mentally and had a good appetite, only hoping to make adjustments to the original formula. He removed Yuan Hu, Fructus Gardeniae, Cardamom, and Dried Ginger, adding Pinellia Rhizome 6g, Trichosanthes 10g, Curcuma Longa 10g, Seaweed 10g, Kelp 10g—decocted in water, one dose per day. Six months later, the patient returned for a follow-up visit, feeling well and energetic, stating that the massive mass in his abdomen had significantly shrunk. Upon examination, it was discovered that the liver, which had previously extended into the pelvic cavity, had returned to 3 cm below the right costal margin. A follow-up ultrasound and CT scan were recommended, but the patient refused due to financial constraints. I reduced the amount of Rheum to 6g and advised him to continue taking the formula.

That same winter, another patient, Li, a 42-year-old woman, presented with jaundice, hepatomegaly, and ascites. She had undergone a partial hepatectomy at the Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital six months earlier, where a biopsy revealed liver cysts. Following this surgery, her condition deteriorated rapidly—her liver grew larger, her jaundice worsened, and ascites developed. She came to me seeking treatment, and after admission to the integrated Chinese and Western medicine ward, both ultrasound and CT scans confirmed the presence of multiple liver cysts, along with cirrhosis (compensatory stage). I administered two capsules of the homemade Gu Sheng II capsule three times daily, dissolved in warm boiled water after meals, and then prescribed the following formula:

Chai Hu 10g, Zhi Shi 10g, White Peony 10g, Licorice 6g, Chuan Xiong 6g, Xiang Fu 6g, Rheum 10g, Scutellaria Baicalensis 10g, Coptis Chinensis 3g, Artemisiae Herba 20g, Gardenia 10g, Saussurea Costata 20g, Anemarrhena Asphodeloides 20g, Herba Lysimachiae 15g, Herba Verbasci 20g, Pericarpium Cucurbitae 15g, Pericarpium Cucurbitae 15g, Semen Plantaginis 10g—decocted in water, one dose per day.

I also administered intravenous infusions of hypertonic sugar, vitamins, energy supplements, and antibiotics. Half a month later, the patient’s ascites had subsided, her jaundice had resolved, her spirits improved, her appetite increased, and a follow-up ultrasound confirmed that while the ascites remained unchanged, the liver had shrunk in size. The portal vein diameter had decreased from 15 mm to 12 mm, and the spleen thickness had dropped from 63 mm to 52 mm.

The Gu Sheng II capsule was originally formulated as a 0.25g oral tablet, composed based on the formula from the “Golden Cabinet Essentials”—a formula derived from the nitrate-alum powder of the “Golden Cabinet Essentials,” a culmination of decades of clinical experience. This formula is highly effective in promoting diuresis and boasts remarkable efficacy; it has been used clinically for over 20 years, particularly for treating hepatic and renal edema as well as ascites, earning a strong reputation in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia provinces. Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Through the treatment and observation of the two cases mentioned above, it is evident that hepatic cysts are, after all, benign lesions. Although multiple hepatic cysts can also invade the liver, compressing the portal vein and bile ducts, leading to ascites and jaundice, over time they may result in cirrhosis. Once treated appropriately, the condition can improve rapidly—neither as fatal as hepatocellular carcinoma, nor as prolonged as post-hepatitis cirrhosis, which ultimately leads to a poor prognosis. Regardless of whether hepatic cysts are solitary or multiple, it is advisable to maintain a light diet, avoiding excessive greasiness, and strictly abstaining from alcohol. Additionally, it’s important to maintain a balanced work-rest schedule and a positive mindset; if any symptoms arise, timely treatment is essential, and the overall prognosis is generally favorable.

Necrotizing Cervical Lymphadenitis

In recent years, this disease has become increasingly common in clinical practice and is often misdiagnosed due to its aggressive onset and extremely high mortality rate. Over the past few years, I have encountered three such cases, which will be described below.

Case 1: A 42-year-old female employee of our hospital, Ms. Chen, presented with persistent high fever, swollen cervical lymph nodes, severe pain, ulceration, an ESR of 120 mm/h, positive C-reactive protein levels, and a peripheral blood count showing decreased values in all three cell lines. She also exhibited signs of bleeding and anemia. A biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes confirmed necrotizing lymphadenitis. After treatment with a traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin combined with Gui Zhi Shao Ya Zhi Mu Tang and Xiaoluo Wan, along with Western medical antibiotics and corticosteroids, her condition improved somewhat. However, she later developed acute myeloid leukemia (M5), and her condition deteriorated rapidly. Despite chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatments, her condition did not improve, and she ultimately passed away.

Case 2: Ms. Liu, a 41-year-old pharmacy merchant from Shouyang Town, Longxi District, initially experienced swelling of one cervical lymph node and one supraclavicular lymph node, each about the size of a walnut, accompanied by local redness, heat, and tenderness. After more than two months of treatment at a local hospital, her condition did not improve, and the localized masses gradually increased in size and became harder. Eventually, the nodes ruptured, releasing bloody, yellow fluid. Upon arrival at our hospital, she was diagnosed with necrotizing lymphadenitis. Her temperature remained low (37.5°C–38.2°C), with an ESR of 23 mm/h, and her peripheral blood count was normal. After receiving antibiotic and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, her local symptoms subsided, the lymph nodes shrank, and the ulcerations healed. The following traditional Chinese medicine prescription was prescribed:

Huang Qi 20g, Dang Gui 10g, Bai Shao 15g, Chuan Shan Jia 10g, Shao Jiao Shi 10g, Zhi Lu Mo 3g each, Gui Zhi 10g, Zhi Mu 10g, Fu Pi 6g, Gan Jiang 10g, Bai Zhu 10g, Fang Feng 12g, Ma Huang 10g, Bai Jie Zi 10g, Lu Jiao Gao 10g. The herbs were decocted and taken as one dose per day.

After taking the medication for 20 doses, the patient felt better, her appetite improved, and the wounds healed before she was discharged. Two years later, she returned to the hospital with persistent high fever. While traveling for a lecture, she learned that she had been admitted to the hospital with acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by systemic lymph node necrosis. Despite chemotherapy and supportive care, her condition did not improve, and she ultimately passed away.

Another case: The daughter of Mr. Bao, a farmer from Malí Township, Wushan County, aged 9, was admitted to the hospital with persistent high fever, swollen cervical and generalized lymph nodes, necrosis, and severe pain. Bone marrow aspiration revealed malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin’s). Treatment with the COPP chemotherapy regimen showed some improvement, but the necrotic ulcers in her cervical and oral lymph nodes failed to heal. A lymph node biopsy confirmed necrotizing lymphadenitis. In addition to Western medications for anti-inflammatory treatment, chemotherapy, and supportive care, the patient was treated with traditional Chinese medicine:

Ma Huang 10g, Bai Jie Zi 10g, Lu Jiao Gao 10g (dissolved in water), Rou Gui 3g, Shu Di 12g, Huang Qi 30g, Dang Gui 10g, Chuan Shan Jia 10g, Zhi Lu Mo 6g each, Shao Jiao Shi 10g, Bai Hua She Tiao Cao 20g, Ban Zhi Lian 20g. The herbs were decocted and taken as one dose per day, while the oral ulcers were treated with Bing Bo San mixed with refined honey. After 20 doses, the local lymph nodes began to close, and the ulcers healed. This patient survived for more than three years; however, due to recurrent episodes and financial difficulties, she was unable to receive timely treatment and passed away at home.

Necrotizing lymphadenitis is a new type of disease discovered and named in recent years, classified as an autoimmune disorder. More than half of patients with this condition are associated with malignant lymphoma, leukemia, and other diseases. Among the three patients in this group, two had leukemia, while one had malignant lymphoma. Although both patients ultimately died despite treatment, through clinical experience, I have come to realize that:

① Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in alleviating this condition; Yang He Tang, Tuo Li Tou Nong San, and Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin are particularly effective in treating necrotic tissue locally. Gui Zhi Shao Ya Zhi Mu Tang also plays a role in reducing fever and improving overall condition.

② The use of antibiotics is also crucial; for controlling anaerobic bacteria, metronidazole and tinidazole are recommended.

③ Chemotherapy does not appear to be very effective, even though patients were diagnosed with M5, L2, or HD, and the efficacy of chemotherapy was limited.

A Brief Discussion on Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias can occur in various cardiac conditions, including rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, hyperthyroid heart disease, beriberi heart disease, and anemia-related heart disease. Organic heart lesions can all lead to arrhythmias; however, non-organic causes can also trigger arrhythmias. Therefore, arrhythmias represent a common clinical symptom. Common types of arrhythmias include premature beats, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, and conduction blocks. Among these, premature beats, sinus bradycardia, and sinus tachycardia are relatively mild compared to other arrhythmias. Generally, patients experience chest tightness, palpitations, and shortness of breath. In traditional Chinese medicine, these conditions are referred to as “pulse stoppage and irregularity, palpitations,” and can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine. With over 40 years of clinical experience, I have found that the following formulas, when adjusted and modified, are often effective in treating arrhythmias.