III. Clinical Guidance

III. Clinical Guidance

1. External Infections: ① “Wind is the root cause of all diseases; when it transforms, it leads to other ailments.” (Suwen, “On Wind”); ② “Heat-related illnesses often stem from colds—some recover, others die, and the majority of deaths occur within six to seven days, while those who recover take more than ten days.” (Suwen, “On Heat”); ③ “Those who suffer from cold in winter will inevitably develop warm diseases.” (Suwen, “On Heat and Cold”)

2. Edema: ① “All dampness and swelling belong to the spleen.” (Suwen, “On the Ultimate Truth”); ② “Why does Shaoyin govern the kidneys? Why does the kidneys govern water? The kidneys are the ultimate yin; when yin is at its peak, water is abundant; the lungs are the sun, so their origin lies in the kidneys, while their end lies in the lungs—both are filled with water. How can the kidneys collect water and cause illness? The kidneys act as the gatekeeper of the stomach; when the gate fails, water accumulates internally, spreading to the skin, causing abdominal swelling—and when the abdomen swells, it is a sign of water accumulation.” (Suwen, “On Water and Heat”); ③ “Three yin syndromes indicate water-related illnesses.” (Suwen, “On the Differences Between Yin and Yang”)

Zhang Jingyue said, “Water is the ultimate yin; its origin lies in the kidneys. Water transforms into qi, while its manifestation lies in the lungs—water fears earth, but is controlled by the spleen.”

According to “Golden Cabinet Essentials,” “There are four types of fluid retention: phlegm-fluid, excess fluid, suspended fluid, and obstructed fluid.” “When water flows through the intestines, producing a gurgling sound, this is called phlegm-fluid; when water flows throughout the limbs, and you sweat even when you don’t sweat, this is called excess fluid; when water flows beneath the ribs, causing coughing and expectoration accompanied by pain, this is called suspended fluid; when water flows above the diaphragm, causing coughing, choking, and inability to lie down, this is called obstructed fluid.” “For edema below the waist, you should promote urination; for edema above the waist, you should promote sweating.” Five Ling, Five Pigs, Gui Fu Eight Flavors, Jisheng Kidney Qi, and Yue Bei Decoction are all effective remedies.

3. Heartache: “Heartache, with the hands and feet turning blue at the joints, severe heart pain that leads to death in the morning or evening—heartache that occurs in the morning and ends in the evening.” (Suwen, “On Heartache”); “When the cold arrives in the early morning, there is a dull ache in the heart.” (Suwen, “On Heartache”) This character “cold” sparks the entire theory of traditional Chinese medicine for treating heartache, along with the corresponding clinical prescriptions.

According to “Golden Cabinet,” “For chest oppression and heartache, accompanied by shortness of breath,” chest oppression refers to cold causing contraction and obstruction, leading to pain. “Bitterness” signifies blockage and stagnation; treatment should focus on warming herbs to unblock yang energy. “For chest oppression, with wheezing, coughing, and chest/back pain, the pulse is deep and slow, with slight tightness and rapidity in the wrist—this is treated with Guo Lu He Bai Bai Liquor.” “For chest oppression that prevents sleep and causes chest pain radiating to the back, the Guo Lu He Bai Bai Tang is used.” “For chest oppression with a feeling of fullness in the chest, where qi is blocked in the chest, causing chest fullness and a sensation of pressure in the flank, the Zhi Shi He Bai Gui Zhi Tang is used; the Ren Shen Tang is also effective.” “For chest oppression that feels relaxed or tense, the Yi Yi Fu Zi San is used.” “For chest oppression with a feeling of gas in the chest, shortness of breath, and qi trapped in the chest, the Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang is used.” “For chest pain radiating to the back, back pain radiating to the heart, the Wu Tou Chi Shi Zhi Wan is used.” All of these formulas share a common theme of warming and unblocking—addressing cold by warming and dispersing, allowing the qi to flow freely. Wang Qingren’s Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang, Chen Ke Ji’s Coronary I No. 1, Compound Danshen, and Danshen Dripping Pills all rely on this same principle. Combined with modern medical practices such as glycerin, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, Lunan Xin Kang, anti-anginal medications, urokinase, streptokinase, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel—all these medications work to warm and unblock the coronary arteries.

The Date of Composition of the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon 2006.7.20

Wang Bing’s “Comprehensive Commentary on the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon – Suwen”: “The Yellow Emperor’s reign… reaching the highest reaches of the celestial cycle, drawing from all things afar and seeking the essence of the body close at hand, facing challenges head-on, so that all generations may benefit forever.” Shen Zhe’s “Shen Jian”: “The ‘Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon – Suwen’ is a legacy left by the Yellow Emperor.” Gu Congde’s “Revised Edition of Suwen”: “The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon – Suwen as we know it today is a book passed down from the Yellow Emperor.” Sima Guang’s family letter stated: “The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon – Suwen originated before the Yellow Emperor’s time—how could the Yellow Emperor sit in the Mingtang and debate medicine and acupuncture with Qibo? This book must have been written between the Zhou and Qin dynasties, entrusted to the Yellow Emperor to preserve its profound meaning.” Lin Yi’s “Revised Edition of Jia-Yi Jing”: “Suwen is a book that explains the needle classics, divided into three sections—though not written by the Yellow Emperor, it seems to have been composed during the Warring States period.” Cheng Ying’s “Books of the Two Chengs”: “Looking at the literary style of Suwen, it appears to have been written by people during the Warring States period—so-called ‘three-furious books,’ but that is not accurate.”

Frey’s Syndrome 2006.7.24

This condition can occur after parotid surgery or trauma; when eating, the cheek on that side may become flushed and sweaty. When consuming acidic foods, the flushing becomes even more pronounced, and adding a slice of lemon can exacerbate the condition. This is known as the lemon test.

New Advances in the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 2006.7.24

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is currently a major focus of global research, with a prevalence rate of 4.3% and an average age of onset around 43 years. According to WHO statistics, surgical treatments generally yield lower efficacy compared to conservative therapies; therefore, conservative treatment is often recommended as the primary approach for managing this condition. In addition to traditional barium studies and gastroscopy, recent research worldwide has increasingly focused on the relationship between pH levels inside the stomach and esophagus and the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori. A study by GoshTash et al. in the United States found that 48-hour wireless esophageal pH monitoring revealed abnormal acid reflux in many cases; extending the monitoring period can increase the detection rate of abnormal acid reflux. Furthermore, PPIs are effective in treating abnormal reflux. Heartburn, the acidity of refluxed fluids, and the height of reflux into the esophagus are all negatively correlated with PPI treatment. Research indicates that tizanidine reduces transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, thereby strengthening the anti-reflux barrier, increasing the expression of esophageal epithelial growth factors, enhancing mucosal defense capabilities, and increasing salivary gland secretion—resulting in therapeutic benefits. Given this, WHO recommends that patients who do not respond to PPIs or whose treatment effects are unsatisfactory should consider tizanidine.

Clinical Significance of Various Blood Test Parameters 2006.7.26

MCV: Red blood cell volume—larger values indicate hemolytic anemia or macrocytic hypothyroidism; smaller values suggest iron deficiency or blood loss.

HCT: Red blood cell hematocrit—also known as red blood cell packed cell volume—positively correlates with red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels.

MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin—positively correlates with hemoglobin levels.

MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration—positively correlates with hemoglobin; if there is no correlation, it may indicate either high or low hemoglobin levels, such as in pulmonary emphysema, altitude sickness, or anemia.

RDW: Red blood cell distribution width—represents variations in red blood cell morphology; the greater the variation, the wider the distribution width. Higher RDW values indicate heterogeneity—such as in iron deficiency anemia and Mediterranean anemia, where MCV is low, but the RDW is increased in the former, indicating heterogeneity, whereas the latter shows normal RDW values.

Revisiting Biochemical Enzymes 2006.7.28

1. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, AKP): Elevated ALP levels indicate abnormalities in the liver and gallbladder systems, particularly those involving bile duct obstruction and inflammation. Jaundice is often positively correlated with elevated ALP levels. Bone lesions also show elevated ALP levels, with a positive correlation to disease progression. When parathyroid function is overactive, calcium levels rise, and ALP levels also tend to increase.

2. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (r-GGT, GGT): This enzyme is a marker of simultaneous liver and gallbladder involvement; normal values range from 20 to 40 units, with liver cancer levels sometimes reaching several thousand units; liver cirrhosis falls somewhere in the middle range; hepatitis typically shows values between 40 and 150.

3. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (ALPI, ALP2, ALP3, ALP4, ALP5)

ALP1: Obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts. ALP2: Internal liver lesions, including inflammation, obstruction, and cancer. ALP3: Bone lesions, such as bone metastasis and bone tumors. ALP4: Pregnant women. ALP5: Small intestine.

Spironolactone 2006.7.31

Also known as Itraconazole, it is currently one of the most widely used antifungal medications. Invasive fungal infections are currently among the most common, difficult to diagnose, and often poorly treated. Recent research has shown that, compared to amphotericin B, Itraconazole has higher efficacy and better fever-reducing rates, while its side effects are significantly less than those of amphotericin B. Another study indicated that Itraconazole outperforms its counterpart, fluconazole, in terms of efficacy.

1. Itraconazole capsules: 0.1 g, taken three times daily, suitable for treating nail fungus, as well as fungal infections of the skin and hair.

2. Itraconazole oral solution: Suitable for Candida albicans infections in the mouth, throat, and intestines; patients take 5–15 ml three times daily, ideal for fungal infections in patients with cancer, AIDS, or autoimmune diseases, especially those with low stomach acid levels, where it provides better therapeutic effects.

3. Itraconazole intravenous solution: Suitable for deep-seated fungal infections, including Candida, Aspergillus, and mold infections. It is also effective for severe fungal infections in patients with HIV, AIDS, or those with high fever that persists despite treatment in the bloodstream. Dosage: 200 mg, twice daily, IV; preferably starting with a twice-daily dose for two days, followed by a single daily dose for five days.

The safety of this medication has been recognized; common adverse reactions include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and elevated ALT and AST levels. This product is effective for patients who do not respond to amphotericin B or fluconazole.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Acute Liver Failure 2006.8.2

Acute liver failure (ALF): In patients without a history of cirrhosis, coagulation disorders and varying degrees of altered consciousness may appear within 26 weeks due to worsening liver function. The former is characterized by an elevated prothrombin international normalized ratio (INR ≥ 1.5); the latter indicates hepatic encephalopathy. Once a definitive diagnosis is made, specific treatments should be implemented:

1. If acetaminophen overdose is suspected or known, activated charcoal can be administered within 4 hours.

2. For liver failure caused by drug mushroom poisoning, activated charcoal should be administered first, followed by treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

3. For liver failure caused by viral hepatitis, routine treatment is recommended.

Susceptibility Genes for Arthritis 2006.9.1

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS): HLA-B27. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): HLA-DR4. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): ① 95% of patients test positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA); ② anti-DNA antibodies; ③ SSA antibodies, SSβ antibodies; ④ RNP antibodies, Sm antibodies.

Atrial Fibrillation Assessment 2006.9.4

Key treatment points include: ① controlling ventricular rate; ② preventing thrombosis and embolism. Beta-blockers, digitalis preparations, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can be used for the former; for the latter, warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel are effective options. When ventricular rate control is ineffective with the aforementioned medications, amiodarone can be administered directly via intravenous infusion. The target for ventricular rate control is: at rest. 60–80 times per minute; during moderate exercise, the heart rate ranges from 90 to 115 times per minute. Regarding heart rate regulation: flecainide, dofetilide, propafenone, and ibutilide are recommended medications for heart rate regulation.

Cervical Cancer: Brief Information – September 4, 2006

The relationship between cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as one of the most well-established links between cancer and viruses, following the connection between Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The detection of cervical exfoliated cells via smear examination remains the best early diagnostic method available for this disease. By simultaneously examining cells and detecting the virus, cervical cancer can be identified at its earliest stages. Therefore, among all cancers that can currently be screened for early detection, cervical cancer is the only one.

Important Risk Factors for Parkinson’s Disease – September 6, 2006

The α-synuclein gene is considered a significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. The American Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Epidemiology Society has established 18 chapters worldwide, collecting data from 2,692 cases and comparing them with 2,652 healthy controls. The results showed that individuals with Parkinson’s disease exhibited significantly more mutations in the α-synuclein gene compared to the control group, with a statistical significance of p < 0.001.

Ten-Year Experience with Chronic Gastritis – September 8, 2006

1. Chaozhu, Houpu, Chenpi, Gancao, Zhishi, Banxia, Fuling, Zhuru—these herbs are used to treat atrophic gastritis.

2. Xiangfu, Liangjiang, Banxia, Zhishi, Sharen (Xiangfu, Liangjiang, Banxia, Zhishi) combined with Sanling, E’shu, Xuanfuhua, Daihestone—these herbs are used to treat chronic gastritis accompanied by excessive belching.

3. Banxia Houpu Tang, combined with Xuanfuhua, Daihestone, Dahuang, Gui Zhi, and Ganjiang—this formula is used to treat chronic gastritis with acid reflux.

4. Chuanxiao, Wumei, Kushen, Huanglian, Yujin, Gui Zhi (Chuanwu, Kushi, Golden Gui), Xiaodan Shen, PaiShi Tang—these herbs are used to treat post-cholecystectomy syndrome.

5. Chaihu Shugan San, combined with Wuyao, Chenxiang, Binlang, Dangshen, Sanling, E’shu, Ganjiang, and Fupian—this formula is used to treat liver-related gastric pain.

6. Chuanxiao, Ganjiang, Dangshen, Gui Zhi, Baishao, Gancao, Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Jiangxiang, Dan Shen—these herbs are used to treat coronary heart disease accompanied by abdominal pain.

7. Sanling, E’shu, Wuyao, Wuyu, Puhuang, Wulingzhi combined with Banxia Xiexin—these herbs are used to treat chronic gastritis.

Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer May Affect Brain Function – October 16, 2006

Chemotherapy for breast cancer may lead to “chemo brain,” characterized by memory impairment and reduced cognitive abilities. According to a report published on September 29, 2006, at the Breast Cancer Research Conference held at the University of California, Los Angeles, “chemo brain” could be confirmed through positron emission tomography (PET). Researchers conducted a series of short-term memory tests on 16 patients with breast cancer who had received adjuvant chemotherapy 5–10 years ago, 5 patients who had not undergone breast cancer chemotherapy, and 13 healthy controls. PET scans revealed changes in blood flow and metabolism in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia of the brain during memory tasks.

Comprehensive Herbal Formulas – October 16, 2006

1. Lianqiao can clear heat and calm the mind; this single herb can treat childhood nephritis and also help treat retinal hemorrhage.

2. Gongying can soothe the stomach and promote lactation, treating constipation and aiding gastrointestinal emptying.

3. Daqingye can inhibit viruses: 30g of Danshen, 30g of Daqingye, and 4 jujubes—take one dose daily to treat jaundice-induced hepatitis.

4. Yuxingcao, Huangqin, Madongling, Lianqiao, Houpu, and Zaoxiu are effective in treating lung infections, particularly notable for treating small pneumonia. For toothache: 30g of Shan Dou Gen, 30g of Bai Tou Weng, and 30g of Sheng Shi Gao—boiling these three herbs together can be effective. Based on this experience, combining Shan Dou Gen and Bai Tou Weng may have an anti-anaerobic bacterial effect. In my experience, Shan Dou Gen, Bai Tou Weng, Sheng Shi Gao, Ku Shen, and Huang Bo can form a new Five-Flavor Disinfectant Drink, which helps combat anaerobic bacteria and can rival Metronidazole.

5. Loss of voice: Beisha Shen, Yuanshan, Mai Dong, Gancao, Fenghuang Yi, Mu Huadou, Jin Qi, Pang Dahai, Chan Yi, Shi Changpu, He Zi.

6. Pelvic inflammatory disease in gynecology: Gui Zhi, Baishao, Fuling, Danpi, Tao Ren, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Ze Xie, Bai Zhu, Baishang, Shichangpu, Hezi.

7. Childhood convulsions: Dangshen, Baishao, Fuling, Gancao, Banxia, Chenpi, Muxiang, Cuo Kou, Gui Zhi, Hua Fen, Chan Yi, Wu Yu, Dangshao, Fu Xian, Bai Zhu, Fu Xian.

8. Lupine seeds, Chinese yam, Fuling, Xiao Hui Xiang, Chuan Lian Zi, Po Ling, Sheng Yi Ren, and other herbs—these herbs can treat children’s toothache, gum recession, halitosis, and oral discharge.

9. Chest pain due to emphysema: 10g of Su Ye, 10g of Su Jing, 10g of Qiang Huo, 6g of Banxia, 6g each of Qing Chen Pi, Fuling, Gancao, 10g of Sang Bai Pi, 10g of Da Fu Pi, 6g of Mu Tong, 10g of Bai Zhu—this formula is a Divided Heart Qi Drink, treating the lungs, spleen, and kidneys, alleviating chest tightness, abdominal distension, constipation, and excessive phlegm with swelling.

10. Ba Wei Wan can replace the entire formula with its core components, while still possessing the same effects as the full formula: Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Rou Gui, Fu Pian; dried crickets can be roasted and ground into powder; red adzuki beans ground into powder and mixed with vinegar can be applied to the tongue to treat severe tongue disorders in children; stone reed and rock sugar can treat asthma; if a child’s fever does not subside even after using Sang Ju Yin or Yin Qiao San, consider: pneumonia, otitis media, mumps, scarlet fever?

11. For coronary heart disease combined with arrhythmia, use Guo Lu Xie Bai, Guan Yi, San Zhi Pi Fo Tang, Zhen Wu Tang, Dan Shen, and Ku Shen—each 30g, along with Sheng Di and Mai Dong—each 20g.

12. For joint pain and numbness in hands and feet, combine Huangqi Jianzhong with Xiao Xù Mìng, four substances including Si Wu, Gou Chong, and Xi Xin.

13. For generalized muscle pain, combine Zisheng Tang with Sang Zhi Tang.

14. For colitis, use Po Ling, Wuyu, Nutmeg, Wu Wei Zi, Tu Si Zi.

15. Use 20g of Wuyu, 20g of Cang Er Zi, and 5g of Rou Gui—grind them together and apply to the soles of the feet with 30ml of vinegar to treat stubborn flatulence.

16. For atrial fibrillation, use Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Shan Yao, Dan Pi, Fuling, Ze Xie, Mai Dong, Dan Shen, Ku Shen, Ge Gen, Hua Fen, Chan Yi, Wu Yu, Dangshao, Fu Xian, Bai Zhu—these herbs are used to treat various complex pediatric conditions such as head shaking, smiling, aphasia, vomiting, green blindness, abdominal distension, and nausea.

17. For cerebral infarction, use Dihuang Yin Zi combined with Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Jiangxiang, Dan Shen, Yujin, and Zhi Wu.

18. For purulent otitis media, use Dangshen, Fuling, Bai Zhu, Shi Changpu, Shi Du, Cang Er Zi, Mai Ya, Gu Ya, Chishao, Mu Gua, Huoxiang, Peilan—these herbs are used to treat otitis media caused by pus accumulation.

19. For simple obesity, use Hawthorn, Danshen, Dahuang, Shui Niu Jiao, Yin Chen, Chuanxiong, Huangqi, Fangji, He Shou Wu, Yan Yang Huo—these herbs are used to treat obesity.

20. For coronary heart disease, use Han San Qi, Yujin, Dan Shen, Rou Gui, Wuling Zhi, Fu Pian, Zhi Wu, Zhi Lu Mo, San Ling, E’shu, Mai Dong, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan Shen, Dan......60–80 times per minute; during moderate exercise, the heart rate ranges from 90 to 115 times per minute. Regarding heart rate regulation: flecainide, dofetilide, propafenone, and ibutilide are recommended medications for heart rate regulation.

Brief Information on Cervical Cancer – September 4, 2006

The relationship between cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as one of the most well-established links between cancer and viruses, following the discovery of the connection between Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Cervical cytology smear examination remains the best early diagnostic method available for this disease. By conducting both cell examinations and viral screenings simultaneously, cervical cancer can often be detected at its earliest stages. Therefore, currently, only cervical cancer is eligible for early cancer screening.

Important Risk Factors for Parkinson’s Disease – September 6, 2006

The α-synuclein gene is considered a significant risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. The American Parkinson’s Disease Genetics and Epidemiology Society has established 18 regional chapters worldwide, collecting data from 2,692 cases and comparing them with 2,652 healthy controls. The results showed that individuals with Parkinson’s disease exhibited significantly higher mutations in the α-synuclein gene compared to the control group, with a statistical significance of p < 0.001.

Ten-Year Experience with Traditional Remedies for Chronic Gastritis – September 8, 2006

1. Changshu, Houpu, Chenpi, Gancao, Zhishi, Banxia, Fuling, Zhu Ru—these herbs are used to treat atrophic gastritis.

2. Xiangfu, Liangjiang, Banxia, Zhishi, Shanzhen (Xiangfu, Liangjiang, Banxia, Zhishi), along with Sanling, E’zhu, Xuanfuhua, Daihestone—these herbs are used to treat chronic gastritis accompanied by excessive belching.

3. Banxia Houpu Tang, combined with Xuanfuhua, Daihestone, Dahuang, Gui Zhi, and Ganjiang—used to treat chronic gastritis with acid reflux.

4. Chuanxiao, Wumei, Kusen, Huanglian, Yujin, Gui Zhi (Chuanwu, Kusen, Huangjin), Xiaodan Shen, PaiShi Tang—used to treat post-cholecystectomy syndrome.

5. Chaihu Shugan San, combined with Wuyao, Chenxiang, Binlang, Dangshen, Sanling, E’zhu, Ganjiang, and Fupian—used to treat liver-related gastric pain.

6. Chuanxiao, Ganjiang, Dangshen, Gui Zhi, Baishao, Gancao, Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Jiangxiang, Dan Shen—used to treat coronary heart disease accompanied by abdominal pain.

7. Sanling, E’zhu, Dangshen, Gui Zhi, Baishao, Bai Shao, Gancao, Chishao, Chuanxiong, Honghua, Jiangxiang, Dan Shen—used to treat chronic gastritis.

Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer May Affect Brain Function – October 16, 2006

Chemotherapy for breast cancer may lead to “chemo brain,” characterized by memory impairment and reduced cognitive function. According to a report published on September 29, 2006, at the Breast Cancer Research Conference held at the University of California, Los Angeles, “chemo brain” could be confirmed through positron emission tomography (PET). Researchers conducted a series of short-term memory tests on 16 patients with breast cancer who had received adjuvant chemotherapy 5–10 years ago, 5 patients who had not undergone breast cancer chemotherapy, and 13 healthy controls. PET scans revealed changes in blood flow and metabolism in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia of the brain during memory tasks.

Comprehensive Herbal Formulas – October 16, 2006

1. Lianqiao can clear heat and calm the mind; this single herb can treat childhood nephritis and also help treat retinal hemorrhage.

2. Gongying can soothe the stomach and promote lactation, treating constipation and aiding gastrointestinal emptying.

3. Daqingye can inhibit viruses: 30g of Danshen, 30g of Daqingye, and 4 jujubes—take one dose daily to treat jaundice-induced hepatitis.

4. Yuxingcao, Huangqin, Madongling, Lianqiao, Houpu, and Zaoxu are effective in treating lung infections, particularly notable for treating small pneumonia. For toothache: 30g of Shan Dou Gen, 30g of Bai Tou Weng, 30g of Sheng Shi Gao—boil these three herbs together to achieve efficacy. It is believed that combining Shan Dou Gen and Bai Tou Weng may have an anti-aerobic bacterial effect. In my experience, Shan Dou Gen, Bai Tou Weng, Sheng Shi Gao, Ku Shen, and Huang Bo can form a new Five-Flavor Disinfectant Drink, which helps combat anaerobic bacteria and can rival Metronidazole.

5. Loss of voice: Bei Sha Shen, Yuan Shen, Mai Dong, Gancao, Fenghuang Yi, Mu Huaba, Jin Qie, Pang Dahai, Chan Yi, Shi Chang Pu, He Zi.

6. Pelvic inflammatory disease in gynecology: Gui Zhi, Baishao, Fuling, Danpi, Tao Ren, Dang Gui, Chuanxiong, Ze Xie, Bai Zhu, Bao Xiang, Shi Chang Pu, He Zi.

7. Children’s convulsions: Dangshen, Baishao, Fuling, Gancao, Banxia, Chenpi, Mu Xiang, Cao Kou, Gui Zhi, Hua Fen, Chan Yi, Wu Yu, Dang Shu, Fu Mian, Bai Shao.

8. Lupine seeds, Chinese yam, Fuling, Xiao Hui Xiang, Chuan Lian Zi, Po Ling, Sheng Yi Ren.

9. Treatment for children’s toothache, gum recession, halitosis, and exudation: Lu Ba Zi, Shan Yao, Huang Qi, Ku Shen, Huang Bo, Sheng Di.

10. Chest pain due to emphysema: 10g of Su Ye, 10g of Su Jing, 10g of Qiang Huo, 6g of Banxia, 6g each of Qing Chen Pi, 12g of Fuling, 6g of Gancao, 10g of Sang Bai Pi, 10g of Da Fu Pi, 6g of Mu Tong, 10g of Bai Shao—this formula is a Divided Heart Qi Drink, treating the lungs, spleen, and kidneys, alleviating chest tightness, abdominal distension, constipation, and excessive phlegm with swelling.

11. Ba Wei Wan can replace the entire formula with its core components, while still possessing all the functions of the original formula: Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Rou Gui, Fu Pian; dry-roasted cricket, ground military dried grass; red adzuki beans ground into powder and coated on the tongue can treat severe tongue disorders in children; stone reed and rock sugar can treat asthma; if a child’s fever does not subside even after using Sang Ju Yin or Yin Qiao San, consider: pneumonia, otitis media, mumps, scarlet fever?

12. For coronary heart disease combined with arrhythmia, use Guo Lou Xie Bai, Guan Yi, San Zhi Pi Fo Tang, Zhen Wu Tang, Dan Shen, Kusen each 30g, Sheng Di, Mai Dong each 20g.

13. For joint pain and numbness in hands and feet, combine Huang Qi Jian Zhong with Xiao Xu Ming, Si Wu, Gou Chong, Ji Quan.

14. For generalized muscle pain: Zisheng Tang combined with Sang Zhi Tang.

15. For colitis: Po Ling, Wu Yu, Roushun, Wu Wei Zi.

16. Use 20g of Wu Yu, 20g of Cang Er Zi, 5g of Rou Gui—grind them together and apply a mixture of 30ml of vinegar to the soles of the feet to treat stubborn flatulence.

17. For atrial fibrillation: Sheng Di, Shan Yu, Shan Yao, Dan Pi, Fuling, Ze Xie, Wu Yu, Dan Shen, Ren Shen, Ge Gen, Mai Dong, Bai Shao, Wu Yu, Dang Shu, Fu Mian, Shi Chang Pu, He Zi.

18. For arrhythmia: Fuling, Gui Zhi, Bai Zhu, Gancao, Dang Shu, Dang Shu, Dan Shen, Zhen Zhu, Ren Shen, Ge Gen, Mai Dong, Bai Shao, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu, Xiang Fu,...... Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Active ratio (ARR) is of great significance in screening primary aldosteronism (hypertension-related hyperaldosteronism) in patients with hypertension, as it can improve the diagnostic rate of primary aldosteronism. This study collected blood samples from 902 hypertensive patients who visited the hospital between September 2003 and May 2006, measured serum renin activity and serum aldosterone using radioimmunoassay, calculated the ARR, and performed CT scans on patients whose ARR was greater than 25. Results showed that primary aldosteronism accounted for 14% of all hypertensive patients, with unilateral or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia accounting for 5%, and combined adrenal adenoma accounting for 2%. Patients with primary aldosteronism accompanied by hypokalemia constituted 40% of all cases. Primary aldosteronism patients often exhibit difficulties in blood pressure control and are characterized by hypokalemia combined with hypernatremia. Screening such patients among hypertensive patients remains an important task.

Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with 5-FU chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer – December 18, 2006

Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, also known as stereotactic localization—specifically referred to as three-dimensional planning in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes—has achieved a total therapeutic efficacy of 90% in treating pancreatic cancer. Among these patients, 25% experienced resolution of jaundice, 90.48% experienced pain relief, and the 1-year survival rate reached 89%.

Precancerous lesions of cervical cancer – December 18, 2006

For patients diagnosed with atypical squamous cells in cervical cytology tests, HPV DNA testing should be the first choice.

A major shift in our understanding of gastroesophageal reflux disease – December 25, 2006

The most significant shift in understanding is that reflux disease is not caused by a single factor, but rather by multiple interacting factors leading to localized damage. This localized damage occurs at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. In the future, the primary task should be to first determine the anatomical and physiological connections within this region, as well as the regulatory mechanisms involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This includes measuring pH levels in the esophagus, conducting impedance testing, and performing pressure measurements. The advent of PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) has led to substantial advancements in the treatment of reflux disease.

In 1906, Tileston proposed the term “esophageal peptic ulcer.”

In 1934, Winkelstein first linked heartburn symptoms to esophageal reflux.

In 1946, Allison suggested that esophageal hiatus cancer was merely a coincidental factor in the development of reflux disease, rather than a frequent cause.

In 1958, Baker proposed that gastric acid reflux was the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux.

During the 1980s, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) became a key factor contributing to esophageal reflux.

Advances in drug therapy:

In 1956, Code introduced histamine-based regulation of gastric acid secretion; this led to the introduction of H2-receptor antagonists—cimetidine—in 1964.

In 1989, the first proton pump inhibitor (PPI), omeprazole, was launched, demonstrating remarkable efficacy and significantly increasing pH levels.

Evidence suggests that in the next 20 years, there will be major advances in the treatment of reflux disease. Endoscopic and endoscopic interventions under laparoscopy are currently being tested.

Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori – December 25, 2006

Triple therapy based on PPIs represents a definitive cure for Helicobacter pylori. The regimen includes omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole.

Capsule endoscopy – December 26, 2006

Small intestinal lesions are areas that cannot be fully examined through gastroscopy or colonoscopy. While standard barium meal X-rays are inadequate for evaluating small intestinal lesions, capsule endoscopy fills this gap.

Baily et al. analyzed data from 416 capsule endoscopy examinations conducted in Australia: among them, 26 patients had 27 tumors, including 9 benign tumors (such as hamartomas, cystic lymphangiomas, amyloid tumors, and lipomas). In total, approximately 50% of the 26 tumor patients were found to have small intestinal tumors.

Lorkai (Omeprazole for injection) – January 4, 2007

After administration, this product primarily distributes to the mucosal cells of the gastrointestinal tract, with a plasma protein binding rate reaching 95%. Approximately 72–80% of the metabolites are excreted via urine, while the remainder is eliminated through feces. This product is a PPI, suitable for various types of ulcers (stomach and duodenum), as well as reactive upper gastrointestinal mucosal erosions, exudation, increased acidity, and bleeding. The recommended dosage is once daily to inhibit gastric acid secretion; for severe cases, twice-daily use is possible, with 10 ml of a dedicated solvent (4 ml per dose) dissolved in 250–1000 ml of normal saline and administered slowly over time. The infusion duration must exceed 20 minutes.

Anclozyme’s clinical applications – January 6, 2007

Anclozyme is an extract derived from snake venom, possessing potent fibrinolytic properties. It is therefore commonly used in ischemic stroke cases such as cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism. Recently, French scholars conducted large-scale studies, finding that patients with cerebral hemorrhage should not undergo treatment within 3 hours after onset.

Trans fats – a hidden health risk – January 8, 2007

Trans fats refer to fats containing trans fatty acids. Although trans fatty acids are unsaturated fats, they pose significant risks to human health; they are commonly found in margarine and hydrogenated vegetable oils. Adding hydrogenated fats to french fries and bagels can enhance their texture, yet these products often contain trans fatty acids. While there is widespread consensus regarding the dangers of saturated fats, we still lack a thorough understanding of the differences between unsaturated fats, including trans and cis forms. Margarine and hydrogenated vegetable oils, which are derived from plant oils, are substitutes for butter created under this very concept—yet these substitutes themselves often contain trans fatty acids, which are even more harmful than saturated fats. In addition to margarine, hydrogenated vegetable oils, refined vegetable oils, and hydrogenated palm oil, which are rich in trans fatty acids, repeated heating and frying can also lead to the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, transforming them into trans fats. Trans fats are fats with high concentrations of trans fatty acids. Given these findings, trans fatty acids may be present in many common foods, including cookies, bread, cakes, coffee creamers, even oatmeal cookies and popsicles. These trans fats pose no less harm to humans than saturated fats.

The gut barrier – January 9, 2007

The gut barrier comprises the gastrointestinal reticuloendothelial system, the gastrointestinal autonomic nervous system, the gastrointestinal endocrine system, and the gastrointestinal immune system. Extensive research has demonstrated that disorders arising from dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system can lead to dozens of different diseases—these are signs of gut barrier disruption, allowing pathogens to enter the body. Coronary heart disease, hematological disorders, respiratory illnesses, nephritis and nephropathy in the urinary tract can all be triggered by gastrointestinal problems. Recent experimental studies on Helicobacter pylori’s role in causing systemic diseases across various systems have further supported this view, leading people to say, “Disease enters through the mouth, and misfortune comes from the mouth.” Traditional Chinese medicine teaches: “The spleen and stomach are the root of all things.” “With stomach qi, life arises; without stomach qi, death follows.” The vital energy of water and grains serves as the source of a person’s righteous qi, commonly referred to as “zhongqi.” When zhongqi rises to the chest and combines with the breath, it becomes “zongqi”; the pure qi of zhongqi flows within the pulse vessels, forming “yingqi,” while the impure qi flows outside the pulse vessels, forming “wei qi.” The former nourishes the interior, supporting the yingqi, while the latter protects the exterior, sustaining the wei qi. Both qi flow along the pulse vessels, like a continuous cycle, nourishing the limbs, the five internal organs, and the six viscera. Zhongqi originates from water and grains, serving as the root of all things; yuanqi, however, comes from the kidneys and is called “kidney qi,” representing the root of all things.

Top Ten Medical News Stories in China and Abroad in 2006 – January 12, 2007