four black plums, and ten seeds of poppy; for wheezing and fever with thirst and constipation, use Liangge Powder combined with Maxing Shigan Tang.

and dry cough without phlegm, indicating severe dryness damaging yin, remove Ephedra, Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, and Poria from the formula, add Rehmannia 12g, Ophiopogon 10g, Scrophularia 10g, and Fritillaria 10g; for prolonged coughing with wheezing and thin, clear sputum, and a plump tongue with white greasy coating, indicating damage to both yin and yang, add Dried Ginger 6g, Asarum 3g, and Schisandra 3g to the original formula; if long-term coughing leads to shortness of breath upon movement and accompanying soreness in the lower back and knees, indicating kidney damage from prolonged illness, add Agarwood 6g, Cinnamon 3g, and Purple Quartz 15g to the original formula; if there is generalized edema and difficulty lying flat due to water qi overwhelming the heart, add Zizi 10g and four dates to the original formula; for wheezing and no phlegm, add Donkey Hide Gelatin 10g, four black plums, and ten seeds of poppy; for wheezing and fever with thirst and constipation, use Liangge Powder combined with Maxing Shigan Tang. Among these, Huangyu Erma Zao Tang (Scutellaria 10g, Houttuynia 15g, Honeysuckle 15g, Asarum 10g) clears lung heat. For chronic bronchitis with long-term coughing, white sputum, difficult to expel, and a dark purple tongue, large compound formulas are often used (Big Belly Skin, Schisandra, Yuanzhi, Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, Poria, Licorice, Dang Gui, Chuanxiong, Real, Platycodon, Green Peel, Fritillaria, etc.) to transform phlegm and stop coughing, activate blood circulation and calm coughing. For long-term external-cold-induced coughing, especially cold coughs, symptoms include persistent coughing, throat itch, unsatisfactory expectoration, or slight chills and fever, with thin white tongue coating and floating, slow pulse, disperse lung qi, clear wind, stop coughing and transform phlegm, using Compound Zhousou San, Zhousou San [Platycodon, Jingjing, Zi Bi, Bai Bu, White Frontal Parsley, Licorice (stir-fried), Tangerine Peel] combined with Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum. For dryness and heat damaging the lungs, causing coughing and hemoptysis, use Tongluo Buguang Tang ( Black Plum, Houttuynia, Han Sanqi, Raw Hematite, Zhimu, Dang Gui, Ophiopogon, Schisandra, Poria, Fritillaria, Mulberry Bark) to nourish yin and moisten the lungs, relieve dryness, stop coughing and stop bleeding. When there is deficiency of vital energy, one should tonify the lungs, strengthen the spleen, and nourish the kidneys, often using Liuwei Dihuang Decoction, Erchen Decoction, Shengmai Powder, etc., such as in cases of chronic bronchitis with long-term coughing that does not subside, resulting in dual damage to qi and yin, using Compound Shengmai Powder (Codonopsis, Ophiopogon, Schisandra, Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, Poria, Licorice, Zhimu, Fritillaria, Scutellaria, Apricot Kernel, Ginger). With Shengmai Powder and Erchen Decoction as the core, replenish qi and nourish yin, transform phlegm and stop coughing. Compound Gansu Tang [Licorice, Perilla Leaf, Pinellia, Ginger, Donkey Hide Gelatin (processed), Black Plum] and Xiaoxianxiong Tang (Coptis, Pinellia, Trichosanthes) and Zhousou San (Platycodon, Jingjing, Zi Bi, Bai Bu, White Frontal Parsley, Licorice, Tangerine Peel), are also used for long-term coughing due to deficiency of vital energy. For long-term lung deficiency, persistent coughing, severe coughing leading to shortness of breath and spontaneous sweating, little and sticky sputum, weak and rapid pulse, often use Jiuxian San (Ginseng, Farfara, Mulberry Bark, Platycodon, Schisandra, Donkey Hide Gelatin, Black Plum, Fritillaria, Poppy Shell) to contract the lungs and stop coughing, replenish qi and nourish yin. For patients with chronic bronchitis, Professor Pei Zhengxue emphasizes the importance of regulating daily life, such as getting enough rest, staying warm, and drinking plenty of water. Patients with weakened immune function can be given biological agents like thymosin pentapeptide to prevent colds, and regularly take Cordyceps, American Ginseng, Lingzhi, etc. VI. Case Studies Demonstrated by Professor Pei Zhengxue Case 1: Ms. Jiao, female, 42 years old, first visit on September 15, 2010. The patient has a history of chronic bronchitis for more than 10 years and bronchial asthma for 15 years. One month ago, she developed cough due to exposure to wind-cold, producing a small amount of white, thin sputum, feeling cold without sweating, headache, loss of appetite. A chest CT scan at a Grade III hospital showed increased lung markings in both lungs, and she had been taking expectorant and cough-suppressing syrup for nearly a month with little effect. Her tongue was pale, with thin white coating, and her pulse was floating and tight. Western medical diagnosis: Chronic Bronchitis. Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis: Wind-cold invading the lungs. Treatment principle: Disperse wind and cold, clear lung and transform phlegm to stop coughing. Prescription: Ma-Gui combination plus Zhousou San with modifications. Ephedra 10g, Cinnamon Twig 10g, Apricot Kernel 10g, Asarum 3g, Perilla Seed 10g, Pinellia 6g, Tangerine Peel 6g, Zi Bi 10g, Farfara 10g, White Frontal Parsley 10g, Frontal Parsley 10g, Chuanxiong 10g, Asarum 3g Notopterygium 10g, Angelica Pubescens 10g, Ledebouriella 12g, Licorice 6g. Decocted in water and taken once daily. Second visit: September 21, 2010. After taking six doses, the cough disappeared. Comment: The patient has a history of chronic bronchitis. This time, wind-cold invaded externally and internally affected the lungs, with pathogenic factors blocking the flow of lung qi, resulting in coughing and production of white, thin sputum; wind-cold constrained the surface, muscles were closed off, lung openings were blocked, hence the symptoms of chills without sweating, headache, generalized body pain, and clear nasal discharge—classic signs of wind-cold on the surface; thin white tongue coating and floating, tight pulse—all indicate wind-cold on the surface. The prescription uses Ephedra, Cinnamon Twig, Apricot Kernel, and Licorice to induce sweating and release the surface, clear lung qi and relieve asthma, while Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, Zi Bi, and Farfara help transform phlegm and stop coughing, and Chuanxiong is essential for treating headaches. Asarum, Notopterygium, Angelica Pubescens, and Ledebouriella further enhance the effect of releasing the surface. The entire formula works to disperse wind-cold, warm and transform cold drinks, clear lung qi and stop coughing, thus achieving good results. In this case, Professor Pei Zhengxue emphasized that one should not simply suppress the cough because of long-term coughing, lest closing the door leaves the enemy inside and causes other complications. Case 2: Mr. Wang, male, 69 years old, first visit on October 12, 2004. The patient has a history of chronic bronchitis for 20 years and smoking for over 30 years. Recently, due to exposure to wind cold, his cough and asthma worsened, producing white, thin sputum with foam, unable to lie flat at night, restless sleep, chills, no sweating, generalized body pain, clear nasal discharge, loss of appetite, thin white tongue coating, and floating, tight pulse. Western medical diagnosis: Chronic Bronchitis, mild obstructive emphysema. Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis: Cold drink trapped inside, wind-cold invading externally. Treatment principle: Disperse wind and cold, warm and transform cold drinks, stop coughing and relieve asthma. Prescription: Ephedra Decoction combined with Erchen Decoction, plus Sanshi Yangqin Tang with modifications. Ephedra 10g, Cinnamon Twig 10g, Dried Ginger 6g, Asarum 3g, Schisandra 6g, Pinellia 10g, White Peony Root 12g, Pinellia 6g, Tangerine Peel 6g, Poria 12g, Zi Bi 10g, Farfara 10g, Perilla Seed 10g, White Well Seed 10g, Le Seed 10g, Licorice 6g. Decocted in water and taken once daily. Second visit: October 17, 2004. After taking seven doses, the cough and asthma subsided, and the symptoms disappeared. The original prescription continued to be taken for another seven doses. Comment: The patient has a 20-year history of chronic bronchitis, with spleen-kidney deficiency and inability to warm and transform, water accumulates as phlegm, cold drink is trapped inside, wind-cold invades externally and internally affects the lungs, pathogenic factors block the flow of lung qi, resulting in coughing and asthma, inability to lie flat, restless sleep, and production of white, thin sputum; wind-cold attacks the surface, muscles are closed off, lung openings are blocked, hence the symptoms of chills without sweating, generalized body pain, and clear nasal discharge—classic signs of wind-cold on the surface; lung qi is not dispersed, stomach qi is out of balance, hence the loss of appetite; thin white tongue coating and floating, tight pulse—all indicate wind-cold on the surface. The prescription uses Ephedra, Cinnamon Twig, White Peony Root and Licorice to clear lung qi and relieve asthma, harmonize Ying and Wei; Asarum, Dried Ginger, Schisandra warm the lungs and stop coughing and relieve asthma; Pinellia, Zi Bi, and Farfara transform drinks and reverse the flow, stopping coughing and relieving asthma, Perilla Seed, White Well Seed, and Le Seed reverse the flow and relieve asthma. This formula has the effect of dispersing cold and releasing the surface, warming the lungs and transforming cold drinks, reversing the flow and relieving asthma. Case 3: Mr. Zhang, male, 56 years old, first visit on March 31, 2016. The patient has a 10-year history of chronic bronchitis and a 20-year history of smoking. One week ago, due to exposure to wind-cold, his cough and asthma worsened, with frequent, harsh coughing, dry throat and sore throat, unsatisfactory expectoration, sticky or thick yellow sputum, dry mouth, sore throat, yellow nasal discharge, dry stools, yellowish-red urine, thin yellow and greasy tongue coating, red tongue, and rapid pulse. A chest CT scan at a Grade III hospital showed increased lung markings in both lungs, emphysema. Western medical diagnosis: Chronic Bronchitis, mild obstructive emphysema. Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis: Wind-Heat attacking the lungs, phlegm-heat intermingling. Treatment principle: Clear heat and disperse lung qi, transform phlegm and stop coughing. Prescription: Maxing Shigan Tang, Huangyu Erma Zao Tang combined with Sangju Yin with modifications. Ephedra 10g, Apricot Kernel 10g, Gypsum 30g, Scutellaria 10g, Houttuynia 15g, Honeysuckle 15g, Asarum 10g, Mulberry Leaf 10g, Chrysanthemum 10g, Peppermint 6g, Forsythia 15g, Platycodon 15g, Apricot Kernel 10g, Reed Rhizome 15g, Licorice 6g. Decocted in water and taken once daily. Second visit: April 10, 2016. After taking seven doses, the cough and asthma subsided, and the symptoms disappeared. The original prescription continued to be taken for another seven doses. Comment: The patient has a 10-year history of chronic bronchitis, with spleen-kidney deficiency and inability to warm and transform, water accumulates as phlegm, cold drink is trapped inside, wind-cold invades externally and internally affects the lungs. Wind-cold enters the interior and transforms into heat, phlegm-heat intermingles, phlegm-heat blocks lung qi, lung loses its ability to clear and purify, hence the cough becomes rough and labored, phlegm is abundant, thick, yellow, and difficult to expectorate, phlegm-heat steams and ferments, giving the phlegm a fishy smell, heat damages lung vessels, causing chest and flank pain, pain radiating during coughing, or even hemoptysis; lung heat is trapped inside, resulting in body heat, dry mouth and thirst, thin yellow and greasy tongue coating, red tongue, and rapid pulse—all indicate phlegm-heat. The prescription uses Ephedra paired with Apricot Kernel to relieve asthma and stop coughing. Ephedra combined with Gypsum can release trapped heat, while Scutellaria, Houttuynia, Honeysuckle, and Asarum clear lung heat. Mulberry Leaf has a cool, moist nature, dispersing wind-heat in the lungs to stop coughing; Chrysanthemum has a cool, spicy nature, dispersing upper-jiao wind-heat, clearing head and eyes to purify the lungs, Peppermint assists Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum in dispersing wind-heat, clearing head and eyes; Platycodon disperses, opening up lung qi, Forsythia clears upper-jiao wind-heat to detoxify; Reed Rhizome clears heat and generates fluids to quench thirst; Licorice harmonizes all the herbs, working with Platycodon to eliminate phlegm and soothe the throat. Case 4: Ms. Sun, female, 60 years old, first visit on December 15, 2017. The patient has a 30-year history of chronic bronchitis and no smoking history. One week ago, due to exposure to wind-cold, her cough and asthma worsened, coughing became frequent and severe, with coarse breathing or hoarse cough, unsatisfactory expectoration, sticky or thick yellow sputum, a chest CT scan at a Grade III hospital showed increased lung markings in both lungs, emphysema. After receiving cephalosporin antibiotics for infection control, ambroxol for phlegm elimination, and aminophylline for asthma relief, the cough and sputum decreased, but long-term coughing and asthma persisted, with shortness of breath and fatigue, often feeling that breath is insufficient for rest, poor appetite, dry throat and mouth, five-heart vexation and heat, red tongue with little coating, or even a smooth, bare tongue, and a fine, rapid pulse. Western medical diagnosis: Chronic Bronchitis, obstructive emphysema. Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis: Spleen-kidney deficiency. Treatment principle: Strengthen spleen, tonify lung and nourish kidney, consolidate qi and strengthen foundation. Prescription: Liuwei Dihuang Decoction combined with Dingchuan Decoction with modifications. Rehmannia 12g, Chinese Yam 10g, Cornus Fruit 15g, Alisma 10g, Poria 12g, Moutan Bark 6g,

Ginkgo 10g, Ephedra 10g, Farfara 10g, Pinellia 6g, Mulberry Bark 10g. Decocted in water and taken once daily. Second visit: December 23, 2017. After taking ten doses, the cough and asthma subsided, and the symptoms disappeared. The original prescription continued to be taken for another seven doses. Comment: The patient has a 30-year history of chronic bronchitis, and during the clinical remission phase, symptoms are mainly due to deficiency of lung, spleen

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