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Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Diabetes Edited by Pei Zhengxue, Compiled by Wang Xinshun

Series on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Common Diseases: Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Diabetes, Edited by Pei Zhengxue and Compiled by Wang Xinshun, Gansu Science and Technology [Publish]{.underline} [Press]{.underline} Cataloging in Publication (CIP) Data Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Diabetes / Compiled by Wang Xinshun. Lanzhou: Gansu Science and Technology Press, October 2000 (Series on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Common Diseases / Edited by Pei Zhengxue) ISBN 7-5424-0733-3 I. Diab... II. Wang... III. Diabetes - Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Therapy IV. R587.1 China Version Library CIP Data Verification No. (2000) No. 49026

Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Diabetes Treatment (Series on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Common Diseases) Author: Pei Zhengxue, Editor-in-Chief; Chen Xuexiang, Responsible Editor

Cover Design: He Wei; Layout Design: Shi Yang

Published by Gansu Science and Technology Press (No. 296 Binhe East Road, Lanzhou City)

Distributed by the Distribution Department of Gansu People’s Publishing House (No. 123 First New Village, Lanzhou City) Distributed through Xinhua Bookstores nationwide Printed by Gansu Geological Printing Factory (No. 357 Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou City) Format: 850mm × 1168mm, 1/32

Number of printing sheets: 4.75

Word count: 113,000

Edition: First edition, September 2000; First printing, September 2000

Print run: 1–4,120 copies

ISBN: 7-5424-0733-3/R·199; Price: 6.60 yuan ◎ For any damaged or missing pages in books published by Gansu Science and Technology Press, please contact the printing factory directly for replacement ● All rights reserved. Reproduction prohibited without permission. Editorial Committee Chair: Pei Zhengxue Deputy Chair: Li Yongshou, Wang Xinshun Committee Members: Li Yanyi, Li Min, Dai Enlai Qiu Yumei, Xue Wenhan Preface The treatment of common diseases is a matter of great importance to the national economy and people's livelihood; the health and well-being of the people are closely linked to the prosperity and development of the nation. Both Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine have their own unique strengths in preventing and treating common diseases. In terms of overall efficacy, each has its own advantages and they are evenly matched; in terms of perspectives and methods, they also exhibit clear complementarity. TCM views diseases from a macro perspective, emphasizing holistic regulation and the body's reactivity; Western medicine views diseases from a micro perspective, focusing on local treatment and the pathogenicity of the disease.

Generally speaking, there are two key factors in the onset of disease: first, the pathogenicity of the pathogen; second, the body's reactivity. If either factor is lacking, disease cannot occur. From the clinical manifestations of disease, there are also two aspects: one is local changes, and the other is systemic manifestations. Neither can be absent. Whether it's the "two factors of onset" or the "two aspects of symptoms," TCM and Western medicine each occupy one end, forming a distinct complementarity. It's no wonder that diseases which Western medicine cannot treat often respond very well to TCM, while diseases that TCM cannot treat often respond very well to Western medicine—this fully demonstrates the necessity of integrating TCM and Western medicine. As early as 40 years ago, Comrade Mao Zedong, with his far-sighted vision, put forward the call to "integrate TCM and Western medicine to create a new unified national medical science." Over the past 40 years, both domestically and internationally, there has been a surge in learning TCM among Western medical practitioners, and a number of highly skilled experts in integrated TCM and Western medicine have emerged. Their research achievements and experience summaries are renowned in the medical community, shining brightly and pushing clinical efficacy to new heights.

To further develop this discipline and bring greater benefits to humanity, the author edited China's first large-scale monograph on integrated TCM and Western medicine eight years ago—“Practical Internal Medicine of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine.” After its publication, the book was widely welcomed by senior and intermediate medical professionals at home and abroad; however, numerous letters from grassroots levels revealed that the content was rather advanced and not suitable for rural doctors and self-learners. Therefore, we formulated the purpose, outline, format, and detailed rules for writing, and established the editorial committee for the Series on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Common Diseases. The target readership of this series is primarily grassroots doctors and self-learners, but it can also serve as a reference for patients seeking self-care. We hope that the publication of this series will bring benefits to grassroots doctors and patients alike. Study May 1, 2000 Table of Contents [Chapter 1: Diagnosis of Diabetes (1)] [Section 1: Overview ... ... ... (1)] [Section 2: Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Diabetes (5)] [Chapter 2: Treatment of Diabetes (15)] [Section 1: Dietary Therapy (15)] [Section 2: Exercise Therapy Zhou Song... ... ... - ( 30)] [Section 3: Psychosomatic Therapy Da............~(32)] [Section 4: Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Bao · Yuan ......... (34)] [Section 5: Oral Hypoglycemic Drug Therapy (41)] [Section 6: Insulin Therapy y............(48)] [Section 7: Pancreas Transplantation and Islet Transplantation (51)] [Section 8: Nursing Care (53)] Chapter 3: Gestational Diabetes and Diabetes During Pregnancy (55)

[Chapter 4: Diabetes in the Elderly (63)]

[Chapter 5: Diabetes in Children (69)]

[Chapter 6: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (75)]

[Chapter 7: Hyperosmolar Coma Due to Diabetes (80)]

[Chapter 8: Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes (85)] [Section 1: Overview (85)] [Section 2: Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetes (86)] [Section 3: Cerebrovascular Disease in Diabetes (92)] [Section 4: Peripheral Vascular Disease in Diabetes (96)] [Chapter 9: Hypertension Complicating Diabetes (100)] [Chapter 10: Diabetic Nephropathy (106)] [Section 1: Etiology of Diabetic Nephropathy (106)] [Section 2: Clinical Manifestations of Diabetic Nephropathy (108)] [Section 3: Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy (109)] [Section 4: Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy (109)] [Section 5: Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Diabetic Nephropathy ( 111)] [Chapter 11: Ocular Complications of Diabetes ( 113)] [Section 1: Diabetic Retinopathy Source... ... ... ( 113)] [Section 2: Diabetic Cataract And ... ... ( 1 1 6 )] [Section 3: Diabetic Glaucoma ( 118)] Chapter 12: Diabetic Neuropathy ( 120) [Section 1: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Hui j ... ... ( 1 2 0 )] [Section 2: Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy Gu Xun Shi ... L ( 1 2 2 )] [Chapter 13: Diabetes and Infection Ton Fan ... ... ( 1 2 9 )] [Section 1: Causes of Infections Complicating Diabetes ( 129)] [Section 2: Respiratory System Infections Complicating Diabetes H......( 130)] [Section 3: Urinary System Infections Complicating Diabetes ( 134)] [Section 4: Skin Infections Complicating Diabetes Xi Liang Bu ... ... ( 1 3 7 )] [Section 5: Oral Diseases Complicating Diabetes ( 142)] Chapter 1: Diagnosis of Diabetes Section 1: General Introduction

Diabetes is a common disease, a chronic condition associated with genetics and prevalent among middle-aged and elderly individuals, characterized by hyperglycemia—a metabolic endocrine disorder. The primary cause of hyperglycemia is either insufficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and disturbances in fat and protein metabolism. In the early stages, the disease often presents no symptoms; some patients are incidentally diagnosed during routine health checkups. As the condition progresses, typical symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, and fatigue gradually appear. In poorly controlled cases, life-threatening complications like diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma may occur. Another serious aspect of diabetes is that, in its later stages, it is often accompanied by a range of severe complications, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, nephropathy, retinal lesions, cataracts, glaucoma, neuropathy, and others, placing a heavy burden on society and families. However, with timely and effective comprehensive treatment, diabetic patients can lead normal lives, work, and even live longer despite having the disease.

With societal progress and rising living standards, the incidence of diabetes worldwide is increasing year by year. Currently, diabetes has become the third leading chronic disease threatening human health, following cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. According to relevant statistics, the prevalence of diabetes in developed countries ranges from 5% to 10%. At the 14th International Diabetes Congress held in Washington in 1993, it was estimated that there were 120 million diabetic patients globally, and it was projected that by 2010 the global number of diabetic patients would exceed 240 million, with about one-third of them unaware of their condition.