From the Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, June 20, 2010

Mr. Huang Peiwu, President of Gansu Science and Technology Press, worked tirelessly to ensure the successful publication of the second edition, enabling the book to reach readers on schedule. We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Mr. Liu Weizhong, Director of the Gansu Provincial Health Department; Mr. Li Cunwen, Deputy Director of the Gansu Provincial Health Department; Mr. Gan Peishang, Director of the Gansu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; and Mr. Chen Xuezhong, Director of the Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences—each of whom provided strong support for the book’s publication.

From the Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, June 20, 2010

Practical Internal Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine – 1st Edition

Editorial Committee Editor-in-Chief: Pei Zhengxue (Chief Physician at the Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences) Associate Editors: Liu Baohou (Professor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College) Qiao Fuchu (Chief Physician at the Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) An Zhen Guang (Chief Physician at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College) Liu Gu’an (Chief Physician at the Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Committee Members: Huang Hui Zhao (Professor at the Ningxia Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Xu Zicheng (Professor at the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College) [Liu Maofu] (Professor at Xi’an Medical University) [Liu Yiwu] (Chief Physician at the Qinghai Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Zhao Kun (Chief Physician at the Xinjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Xia Yongchao (Chief Physician at the Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Huoshu Hua (Researcher at the Xinjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Ye Guanghua (Chief Physician at the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College) Xue Guoli (Director of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Ma Shulin (Chief Physician at the Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital) Zhai Yanqing (Associate Professor at the Gansu Provincial Health Department) Wang Huilan (Director of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Department at the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College, Professor) Wang Xinsun (Vice President and Associate Physician at the Tianshui City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Province) Mao Xinmin (Former Deputy Director and Associate Researcher at the Lanzhou Medical College’s Hematologic Disease Research Institute) Li Yongshou (Director of the Internal Medicine Department and Associate Physician at the Longnan Regional Hospital of Gansu Province) Hou Ruiyun (Executive Editor and Associate Physician at the journal “Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Research”) Dai Enlai (Attending Physician at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College) Wan Yi Xin (Attending Physician at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College)

Practical Internal Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine – 1st Edition

Preface “Practical Internal Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine” is about to be published—it is a representative large-scale integrated Chinese and Western medicine textbook currently available in China. With a total of 1.5 million characters, the book includes not only the usual chapters typical of internal medicine, but also sections on acute abdominal conditions and tumors—areas where integrated Chinese and Western medicine offers distinct therapeutic advantages. The guiding principle behind the book’s compilation was the sixteen-character rule proposed by the book’s editor-in-chief, Professor Pei Zhengxue: “Western medical diagnosis, Chinese medical differentiation, Chinese medicine as the primary treatment, Western medicine as a supplementary approach.” Though these sixteen characters may seem simple, they carry profound meaning; if applied in clinical practice, they will undoubtedly establish a framework for combining disease and syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, opening up a very practical path toward the gradual modernization of Chinese medicine. To elaborate on this “sixteen-character” principle, Professor Pei Zhengxue has written numerous papers and presented lectures in Guiyang, Dalian, and various regions of Shaanxi and Gansu, sharing this perspective with great enthusiasm. The feedback from these locations has been overwhelmingly positive, and the approach has been recognized as one of the current clinical models for integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the field of internal medicine. The compilation of “Practical Internal Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine” was guided by this philosophy: after explaining the Western medical diagnosis for each disease, the book focused on discussing the Chinese medical differentiation and treatment approaches for that disease. In doing so, it incorporated the latest research findings from domestic and international scholars on integrated Chinese and Western medicine for each disease, striving to establish standardized protocols for integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment of these conditions. At the end of each chapter, the book included summaries of recent decades’ developments in Chinese medical diagnosis and treatment for the respective diseases across the country. Thus, this book is a clinical internal medicine text with a well-designed structure, bringing together the best practices of modern integrated Chinese and Western medicine—ideal for a wide range of readers.

<!-- translated-chunk:2/261 -->

The book is a large-scale monograph on integrated Chinese and Western medicine in internal medicine, written in collaboration by renowned experts in integrated Chinese and Western medicine from the five provinces in Northwest China. Professor Pei Zhengxue, the chief editor, is a well-known expert in integrated Chinese and Western medicine in China, currently serving as a director of the Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, a member of the editorial board of the Chinese Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Gansu Branch, and Vice President and Director of the Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine at the Gansu Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences. Professors Liu Baohou, Qiao Fuchu, An Zhen Guang, and Liu Gu’an, all renowned internal medicine experts in China, served as associate editors. Professor Liu Baohou is the Vice Chairman of the Nephrology Committee of the Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and the Vice Chairman of the Nephrology Committee of the Chinese Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Professor Qiao Fuchu is the Vice Chairman of the National Committee on Heat-Related Diseases in TCM; Professor An Zhen Guang is a member of the National Committee on Respiratory Diseases in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; and Professor Liu Gu’an is a member of the National Committee on Deficiency Syndromes and Geriatric Diseases. Among the editorial board members are Professors Huang Huizhao, Xu Zicheng, Liu Maofu, Zhang Yi, Zhao Kun, Xia Yongchao, Huoshu Hua, and others—renowned experts in China who enjoy great prestige in the medical community of Northwest China. The participation of these experts in the compilation and writing of this book gives us good reason to believe that it will possess significant practical value. This is the preface. Vice Chairman of the Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Member of the Academic Division Member of the State Council Degree Committee and Head of the Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Group

October 1993, Beijing

Preface to the First Edition of “Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine”

“Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine” is now available to readers—a large-scale monograph on integrated Chinese and Western medicine in internal medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine are two completely different medical systems that developed under different social conditions. TCM emerged from agricultural and handicraft practices, while Western Medicine evolved from the industrial revolution. From Bian Que to modern physicians like Xiao Longyou and Pu Fuzhou, they never used the advanced tools provided by industry to understand disease; instead, every understanding of disease in Western Medicine was based on the use of sophisticated instruments. Due to this distinction, TCM can only rely on methods such as examining symptoms and seeking causes through logical reasoning, which contrasts sharply with the experimental research approach adopted by Western Medicine. Because their methods of understanding disease differ, the two medical systems have developed three distinct tendencies: ① TCM emphasizes holism, while Western Medicine focuses on local treatment; ② TCM emphasizes the body’s responsiveness, whereas Western Medicine focuses on the pathogenicity of pathogens; ③ TCM takes a macroscopic view, while Western Medicine adopts a microscopic perspective. These three differing approaches reveal that TCM and Western Medicine are highly complementary. If we combine TCM’s holistic view, its emphasis on bodily responses, and its macroscopic understanding with modern Western Medicine’s microscopic understanding and pathogen-based approaches, it would undoubtedly be highly meaningful—and could potentially elevate TCM to new heights. To achieve this goal, many integrated Chinese and Western medicine practitioners have spent decades exploring and striving, achieving remarkable results across various clinical fields. However, to date, many valuable insights and breakthroughs remain scattered in academic journals and newspapers. How can we compile these ideas into a single book, forming a new framework for contemporary TCM diagnostic thinking? This is indeed an urgent task in the development of modern TCM. Inspired by this need, integrated Chinese and Western medicine experts from Northwest China held multiple consultations in Beijing, Lanzhou, and other locations, establishing the Editorial Committee for “Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,” which comprises 26 members. After extensive deliberation and discussion, the committee determined that the guiding principle for this book was the six-character formula “Western diagnosis, TCM diagnosis, traditional Chinese medicine as the mainstay, Western medicine as a supplement.” Based on this guiding principle, the committee formulated the book’s outline, writing style, and detailed guidelines. Experts were assigned to write specific sections, and after two years of work, the book was completed. During this time, the chief editor and associate editors repeatedly revised the initial drafts and conducted rigorous quality control checks. The content of this book clearly exhibits two key characteristics: first, it combines disease and syndrome analysis; second, it highlights TCM. The former places TCM’s diagnostic process on the foundation of Western medical diagnosis, thereby addressing the shortcomings of traditional TCM’s lack of localized understanding. The latter advocates for traditional Chinese medicine as the primary treatment modality, creating favorable conditions for further developing TCM. In light of these considerations, the book’s framework not only fully reflects the academic characteristics of contemporary integrated Chinese and Western medicine but also emphasizes the important features of TCM.

The book is divided into fourteen chapters, totaling 173 sections, with each chapter focusing on a single disease. Each disease begins with a “General Overview,” which covers all aspects of Western medical etiology, pathology, and clinical presentation, aiming to shorten the length of the book and save text by dedicating more space to TCM-related content. “TCM’s Understanding and Treatment of the Disease” is a crucial section of the book, rich in content and weighty in scope. In addition to citing discussions from ancient medical scholars, the book also includes appendices featuring recent decades’ research and clinical treatments for the disease, both domestically and internationally. Thus, this book represents a comprehensive synthesis of modern integrated Chinese and Western medicine, establishing standardized approaches to combining disease and syndrome analysis, making it suitable for senior Chinese and Western medicine practitioners as a clinical reference tool, as well as a resource for young physicians and medical students seeking further education and improvement. Given the rushed timeline and the limited expertise of the authors, the book inevitably contains certain shortcomings. We sincerely hope that colleagues in the medical field will offer constructive criticism and suggestions.

During the compilation process, the book received strong support from Deputy Secretary Yang Zhenjie of the Gansu Provincial Party Committee, Director Xiao Ziren of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Health, and Director Wang Longde of the Gansu Provincial Health Department. Minister Chen Minzhang of the Ministry of Health even wrote the title of the book, and Professor Chen Keji, a renowned TCM and Western medicine expert and member of the Academic Division, wrote the preface. We extend our sincere gratitude to them.

Editorial Committee of “Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine” December 10, 1994

Table of Contents

[Table of Contents] Part One: Introduction (1) [Chapter 1: The Necessity and Inevitability of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine ( 1)] [Chapter 2: The Connotations and Models of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Internal Medicine (6)] [Chapter 3: Modern Research on TCM’s Concept of Organ Systems ( 11)] [Chapter 4: The Basic Principles of TCM’s Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach ( 19)] [Chapter 5: The TCM System of Herbal Formulas for Internal Medicine ( 28)]

Part Two: Infectious Diseases (36)

[Chapter 1: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ( 36)] [Chapter 2: Influenza ( 38)] [Chapter 3: H1N1 Influenza A ( 44)] [Chapter 4: Atypical Pneumonia ( 48)] [Chapter 5: Measles ( 54)] [Chapter 6: Chickenpox (with Herpes Zoster) ( 59)] [Chapter 7: Epidemic Parotitis ( 65)] [Chapter 8: Epidemic Meningitis ( 69)] [Chapter 9: Scarlet Fever ( 73)] [Chapter 10: Diphtheria ( 77)] [Chapter 11: Whooping Cough ( 83)] [Chapter 12: Pulmonary Tuberculosis ( 87)] [Chapter 13: Tuberculous Meningitis ( 92)] [Chapter 14: Typhoid Fever ( 95)] [Chapter 15: Bacterial Dysentery ( 100)] [Chapter 16: Amoebic Dysentery ( 105)] [Chapter 17: Cholera ( 108)] [Chapter 18: Polio ( 110)] [Chapter 19: Viral Hepatitis ( 113)] [Chapter 20: AIDS ( 128)] [Chapter 21: Infectious Mononucleosis ( 134)] [Chapter 22: Epidemic Encephalitis B ( 136)] [Chapter 23: Hemorrhagic Fever ( 141)] [Chapter 24: Leptospirosis ( 149)] [Chapter 25: Scrub Typhus ( 153)]

Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine [Chapter 26: Brucellosis ( 157)] [Chapter 27: Malaria ( 160)] [Chapter 28: Helminthiasis ( 164)] [Chapter 29: Hookworm Disease ( 168)] [Chapter 30: Schistosomiasis ( 171)] [Chapter 31: Taeniasis ( 174)] [Chapter 32: Cysticercosis ( 177)] [Chapter 33: Hydatid Disease ( 180)] [Chapter 34: Sparganosis ( 182)] [Chapter 35: Sepsis ( 185)] [Part Three: Respiratory System Diseases ( 188)] [Chapter 1: Acute Bronchitis ( 188)] [Chapter 2: Chronic Bronchitis ( 191)] [Chapter 3: Bronchial Asthma ( 196)] [Chapter 4: Bronchiectasis ( 202)] [Chapter 5: Obstructive Emphysema ( 206)] [Chapter 6: Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease ( 211)] [Chapter 7: Pneumonia ( 217)] [Chapter 8: Lung Abscess ( 222)] [Chapter 9: Interstitial Lung Disease ( 226)] [Chapter 10: Sarcoidosis ( 229)] [Chapter 11: Dust Lung ( 232)] [Chapter 12: Pleural Effusion ( 236)] [Chapter 13: Respiratory Failure ( 240)] [Part Four: Cardiovascular System Diseases (245)] [Chapter 1: Rheumatic Fever ( 245)] [Chapter 2: Rheumatic Heart Valvular Disease ( 252)] [Chapter 3: Atherosclerosis ( 259)] [Chapter 4: Coronary Artery Disease ( 262)] [Chapter 5: Viral Myocarditis ( 275)] [Chapter 6: Primary Cardiomyopathy ( 282)] [Chapter 7: Sick Sinus Syndrome ( 289)] [Chapter 8: Chronic Heart Failure ( 292)] [Chapter 9: Acute Heart Failure ( 300)] [Chapter 10: Shock ( 303)] [Chapter 11: Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Death ( 308)] [Chapter 12: Arrhythmias ( 313)] [Chapter 13: Cardiac Neurosis ( 318)] [Chapter 14: Keshan Disease ( 322)] [Chapter 15: Pericarditis ( 327)] [Chapter 16: Hypertension ( 333)] [Chapter 17: Peripheral Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease ( 344)]