Task output rules:

According to “Progress in Experimental and Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Influenza,” experiments using chicken embryo culture revealed that Chinese herbs such as Lonicera japonica, Forsythia suspensa, Bupleurum, Red Peony, Perilla, Phellodendron amurense, Purple Bauhinia bark, Fleabane, Indigo leaf, Gardenia, Bidens pilosa, Western Willow, Peperomia, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rheum palmatum, and Fangfeng could inhibit influenza viruses. Tissue culture studies found that Cortex Phellodendri, Olive, Perilla, Licorice, Lonicera japonica, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and animal experiments indicated that Astragalus, Fish Mint, Fleabane, Pluchea, Pomegranate peel, and Five-Grain Fruit could suppress influenza viruses. Among the effective Chinese herbs, approximately one-third contained tannins—similar findings have been reported abroad. (Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Journal, 1992.4) Zhang Jing treated 180 patients with influenza using her own formulations, “Anti-Influenza No. I” and “Anti-Influenza No. II.” The results were satisfactory. Formula No. I included: 10 g of Qianghuo, 15 g of Chaihu, 10 g each of Qianhu and Zhike, 15 g each of Fuling and Jingjue, 10 g each of Fangfeng and Jiegeng, 15 g of Chuanxiong, 10 g of Guanzhong, 15 g each of Chan-tui and Jiangcan, and 10 g of Licorice. This formula was suitable for patients with initial cold symptoms but without high fever. Formula No. II included: 20 g of Gypsum, 15 g each of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Scutellaria baicalensis, 10 g of Bamboo Leaf, 30 g of Reed Root, 15 g each of Lonicera japonica and Forsythia suspensa, 20 g of Indigo leaf, and 10 g of Licorice. This formula was used for patients with high fever, where body temperature exceeded 38.5°C. Both formulas were prepared by the hospital’s preparation room as concentrated decoctions, with a concentration of 200%. Adults took 50 ml each time, children aged 3–5 took 20 ml each time, children aged 6–10 took 30 ml each time, and children aged 11–13 took 40 ml each time. Take 3–4 times daily, with a treatment duration of 5 days. In cases with concurrent complications, antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromycin were used. Treatment outcomes: Symptoms disappeared, and most cases recovered completely, with 152 cases showing normal body temperature within 24 hours; 14 cases showed basic symptom relief, with normal body temperature but less than 24 hours; 10 cases experienced noticeable symptom relief, with a temperature drop of 1.5°C or more; only 4 cases failed to meet the effective criteria. The overall effective rate was 97.76% (Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2001.2). Ge Xingzhong advocated for combining syndrome differentiation with disease treatment in the management of influenza, classifying syndromes as follows: ① Wind-cold blocking the exterior, characterized by chills and fever, headache, lack of sweating, stiffness in the neck and back, joint pain, nasal congestion and runny nose, itchy throat and cough, a thin white coating on the tongue, and a floating pulse. Treatment should focus on warming and dispersing cold, using Jingfang Baidu Decoction with adjustments: 9 g of Jingjue, 12 g of Fangfeng, 15 g of Chaihu, 12 g of Chuanxiong, 9 g of Zhike, 9 g of Qianghuo, 9 g of Duhuo, 9 g of Fuling, 6 g of Jiegeng, 9 g of Qianhu, and 6 g of Licorice. ② Wind-heat invading the exterior, characterized by high fever, slight wind sensitivity, head heaviness and pain, sore throat and redness, a white or slightly yellow tongue coating, and a floating, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on dispersing wind, releasing heat, using Silver-Clearing Decoction with adjustments: 30 g of Lonicera japonica, 30 g of Forsythia suspensa, 18 g of Platycodon grandiflorus, 18 g of Peppermint, 12 g of Light Bamboo Leaves, 15 g of Licorice, 12 g of Jingjue, 15 g of Fresh Soybean Sprouts, 18 g of Cowpea, 30 g of Fresh Reed Root. ③ Wind-damp invading the exterior, characterized by summer heat, dizziness and heaviness, nasal congestion and runny nose, flushed face without sweating, irritability and thirst, chest tightness and nausea, heavy body weight, short, yellow urine, a red tongue with a greasy white coating, and a floating or moist, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on dispelling summer heat and releasing the exterior. The formula New Fragrant Summer Decoction is adjusted as follows: 15 g of Perilla, 20 g of Lonicera japonica, 12 g of Fresh Broad Bean Flowers, 9 g of Poria cocos, 12 g of Forsythia suspensa. Disease treatment: ① Exterior cold, interior heat, characterized by fever and chills, lack of sweating, thick yellow sputum, joint pain, a red tongue with a white or yellow coating, a floating, rapid pulse—this indicates that the exterior cold still exists, while the interior heat has already intensified. Treatment should focus on dispersing the exterior and clearing heat. The formula Ma-Xing-Shi-Gan Decoction is adjusted as follows: 6 g of Ephedra sinica, 9 g of Apricot kernels, 24 g of Gypsum, 6 g of Licorice, 12 g of Fangfeng, 9 g of Scutellaria baicalensis. ② Wind-cold combined with dampness, characterized by chills and little sweating, a heavy head as if wrapped, joint pain and soreness, heavy cough, nasal congestion and runny nose, a greasy white tongue coating, and a moist pulse. Treatment should focus on dispersing wind, eliminating dampness, and dispersing cold while releasing the exterior. The formula Qianghuo Sheng Shi Decoction is adjusted as follows: 12 g of Qianghuo, 12 g of Duhuo, 9 g of Wubei, 12 g of Fangfeng, 6 g of Licorice, 9 g of Chuanxiong, 9 g of Manjingzi. ③ Wind-heat combined with dryness, characterized by fever, slight wind sensitivity, dryness in the nose and throat, cough with thick or little sputum, head and body aches, dry mouth and thirst, a red tongue with little moisture, and a floating, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on dispersing wind, clearing heat, moisturizing dryness, and relieving cough. The formula Silver-Clearing Decoction combined with Sangxing Decoction is adjusted as follows: 15 g of Lonicera japonica, 15 g of Forsythia suspensa, 12 g of Light Bamboo Leaves, 12 g of Cowpea, 15 g of Peppermint, 6 g of Licorice, 6 g of Platycodon grandiflorus, 15 g of Reed Root, 6 g of Mulberry leaves, 6 g of Apricot kernels, 12 g of Ophiopogon japonicus, and 12 g of Gardenia.

<!-- translated-chunk:13/261 -->

Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Sub 9g. In addition, children, the elderly, and those with weak constitutions who lack righteous qi and are unable to resist pathogenic factors should focus on reinforcing righteous qi while eliminating pathogenic factors, nourishing qi and strengthening righteous qi to resolve exterior syndromes. The formula selected is Shen Su Yin: Ren Ren 9g, Su Ye 9g, Ge Gen 12g, Qian Hu 6g, Fa Ban Xia 9g, Fu Ling 9g, Ju Hong 9g, Gan Cao 6g, Ji Que 6g, Zhi Ke 9g, Mu Xiang 6g, Sheng Jiang 9g, Da Zao 5 pieces. Treatment should be based on both disease identification and syndrome differentiation: Chai Hu combined with Huang Qin has antipyretic and antiviral effects; Ban Lan Gen and Da Qing Ye possess antiviral properties; experimental studies on extracts of Jin Yin Hua and Lian Qiao (JLT) have confirmed that JLT can effectively inhibit influenza A virus FM1 in vitro; Huang Lian Dispersed Tablets exhibit significant antiviral pharmacological effects. By combining syndrome differentiation with disease identification, appropriate use of drugs known to have clear antiviral effects—such as Chai Hu, Da Qing Ye, Ban Lan Gen, Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao—can indeed enhance the clinical efficacy for influenza. Although influenza often occurs in winter and spring, the tongue coating is frequently white or greasy, thick and sticky, indicating that pathogenic toxins are mixed with dampness; therefore, adding aromatic herbs like Qing Hao, Yin Chen, and Dan Zhu Ye to dispel dampness is also essential. (Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2008.1) Wang Yi et al. reviewed recent clinical advances in the treatment of influenza using traditional Chinese medicine.① Traditional Chinese medicine preparations: TCM preparations are widely used in clinical practice, offering advantages such as safety, reliability, and convenient administration for treating influenza. Zhang Jie et al. treated 480 cases of influenza with a traditional Chinese medicine formula called Qing Du Tui Re San, achieving 256 cured cases, 154 markedly effective cases, and 65 effective cases, with an overall effective rate of 98.95%, all of which were safe and reliable. Zhang Xiaomei et al. compared the efficacy of a modified Chai Hu Gui Zhi Tang formula with a pre-packaged granular formulation for treating influenza, finding that both formulations had good therapeutic effects, with similar effects in reducing fever, relieving cough, and soothing throat irritation. Xi Zhaoqing et al. treated 58 cases of influenza with Jin Yin Hua Jie Du Granules and compared their efficacy against antiviral granules, revealing that Jin Yin Hua Jie Du Granules were effective in improving symptoms and signs, and were safe and reliable. Zeng Qingxiang et al. treated 54 cases of influenza with Yin Ma He Ji, using oral administration and intravenous infusion of Shuang Huang Lian Powder, finding that the use of Yin Ma He Ji resulted in a more favorable reduction in average body temperature and an average number of days to recovery compared to the control group, with significant antipyretic effects and rapid improvement in influenza symptoms.② Syndrome differentiation and type-specific treatment: Through clinical analysis of 2,650 cases of influenza, Hu Zhaoming believed that the underlying mechanism was: "External pathogenic factors invade the surface, disrupting the balance between Ying and Wei, affecting the Shaoyang meridian." Treatment should focus on clearing Ying and Wei and harmonizing the Shaoyang meridian, employing Chai Hu Gui Zhi Tang, which achieved an overall effective rate of 98.7%. Wang Xiudong reported Practical Internal Medicine in Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

In addition, he treated 91 cases of influenza where the pathogenic factors had penetrated into the blood, using Bai Hu Tang with modifications, with good results, including 66 cured cases, 14 markedly effective cases, and 9 effective cases, with an overall effective rate of 97.8%. Chen He then treated 195 cases of influenza with a modified Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang formula, comparing it with oral Cold Clear Capsules, finding that both treatments showed significantly better efficacy than the control group in terms of effectiveness and fever reduction.③ Combination with Western medicine: Integrated Chinese and Western medicine often leads to rapid symptom relief, thereby significantly enhancing clinical efficacy. Huang Yubin reported that the combination of Triazol nucleoside and modified Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang enhanced antiviral efficacy, achieving satisfactory results in treating 246 cases of influenza. Among them, 178 cases were cured, 43 showed marked improvement, 18 were effectively treated, with an overall effective rate of 97.16%. He Xin et al. believed that the combined use of Jie Mei and Chuang Xu Ning not only inhibited viral synthesis by suppressing peptide production but also provided antipyretic effects and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, lowering body temperature and alleviating allergic reactions. They treated 350 cases of influenza, with most patients experiencing normal body temperature returns and reduced or eliminated symptoms such as headache and sore throat. Xie Qipan et al. treated 52 cases of influenza with Lan Yu Qiang Huang Tang combined with Liba Weilin Injection, comparing it with 50 cases treated with Liba Weilin Injection alone. Among the 52 patients in the treatment group, 18 were cured, 27 showed marked improvement, and 7 were effectively treated, with a marked improvement rate of 86.5%, significantly superior to the control group. It is evident that combined treatment yields more pronounced therapeutic effects than single-use Liba Weilin.④ Treatment with extracted active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine: Due to their high efficacy, portability, and palatable taste, injections and oral solutions have become two major dosage forms for extracting active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine. Shi Xiaoxia et al. used Ozu Oil Glucose Injection primarily to treat pediatric cases of influenza, achieving an overall effective rate of 87.5%, higher than the efficacy of treating influenza with Liba Weilin, and significantly shortening the course of illness while reducing complications. Early application not only inhibits viral replication, prevents viral spread, and reduces damage to the myocardium, but also promotes the recovery of respiratory mucosal tissues. Hang Jiazhen treated 96 pediatric cases of influenza with Compound Fishy Herb Oral Solution, comparing it with a Western medicine group (Amo-San Dry Syrup or Cefaloridine Dry Syrup). Among the 96 pediatric cases treated with the compound solution, 84 cases recovered, with a cure rate of 87.5%.⑤ Self-made formulas for treatment: Many scholars, based on syndrome differentiation and treatment principles, combined their own clinical experience to develop self-made formulas for treating influenza with remarkable efficacy. Zhang Cian et al., drawing on the characteristic of warm diseases in Lingnan often involving dampness, developed a formula for clearing heat, detoxifying, and dispersing dampness (Da Qing Ye, Guan Zhong, Yin Chen, Wild Chrysanthemum, Huoxiang, Ban Lan Gen) to treat 356 cases of influenza, achieving satisfactory results, including 248 cured cases, 64 markedly effective cases, and 36 effectively treated cases, with an overall effective rate of 96.74%. Ping Shichang reported treating 156 cases of influenza with a self-made Chai Hu Jie Re Drink (Chai Hu, Huang Qin, Ge Gen, Xi Xin, Qiang Huo, Gan Cao), yielding 102 cured cases and 45 markedly effective cases. Gu Li Rong et al. treated 100 cases of winter influenza with Formula 1 (Ban Lan Gen, Da Qing Ye, Guan Zhong, Gypsum, Lian Qiao, Huang Qin, Chai Hu, Jin Long Deng, Chi Shu, Cheng Qi, Ju Jing, Xing Ren, Qiang Huo, Gan Cao, Lu Gen), finding that 62 cases were cured, 32 were effectively treated, with an overall effective rate of 94%. Yang Mingliang reported that, based on antipyretic medications, while also promoting the elimination of pathogenic factors and clearing heat, cooling blood and detoxifying, he treated 131 cases of influenza with a self-made Hao Qin Ban Lan Gen Tang formula (Qing Hao, Huang Qin, Jin Yin Hua, Tian Kui Zi, Da Qing Ye, Ban Lan Gen, Zhu Ru, Tu Fu Ling, Lu Gen, Gan Cao), achieving 71 markedly effective cases, 52 effectively treated cases, with an overall effective rate of 93.89%. Zhao Dongying treated 40 cases of influenza with a self-made anti-influenza formula (Peppermint, Huang Lian, Lian Qiao, Jing Wei, Qing Hao, Ban Lan Gen, Da Qing Ye, Chai Hu, Huang Qin, Huang Qi, Ma Huang, Qing Feng Teng, Fishy Herb), which showed quick onset, short time to return to normal body temperature, stable antipyretic effects, significant symptom relief, few residual symptoms, with an overall effective rate of 95%. Song Guanglin treated 265 cases of influenza with a formula for releasing exterior and clearing heat (Ban Lan Gen, Jin Yin Hua, Shan Dou Gen, Ge Gen, Zhe Bei Mu, Qiang Huo, Huang Qin, Niu Bang Zi, Guan Zhong, Peppermint Leaves, Ji Que, Lian Qiao), observing that among the 120 patients treated, 118 were cured, including 30 cured after taking the medication for 4 doses, 72 after taking it for 6 doses, and 16 after taking it for 10–13 doses, with a cure rate of 98.3%, achieving satisfactory results. Zhang Jing et al. treated 180 cases of influenza with a self-made Anti-Guan I formula (Qiang Huo, Chai Hu, Qian Hu, Zhi Ke, Fu Ling, Jing Wei, Fang Feng, Ji Que, Cheng Qi, Guan Zhong, Chan Tuo, Chang Sang, Gan Cao), and a second formula (Gypsum, Zhi Mu, Huang Qin, Zhu Ye, Lu Gen, Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao, Ban Lan Gen, Gan Cao) – depending on whether or not there was fever. Among these patients, 152 were cured, 14 were basically cured, 10 were effectively treated, and 4 were ineffective, with an overall effective rate of