Task output rules:

(2) Pathogenic Stagnation in Qi (Midst Stage): The main symptoms include persistent high fever, burning sensation on the skin, worsening cough, irritability, thirst, and a rash that appears sequentially, starting sparsely with a brighter red hue, gradually becoming denser and merging into larger patches, turning dark red, and spreading throughout the body. The tongue is red with a yellow coating, and the pulse is full and rapid. Treatment focuses on clearing heat, detoxifying, and dispersing the rash, using a modified Qingjie Tuo Biao Tang formula: 15g of Willow Bark, 6g of Cicada Slough, 12g of Pueraria Root, 12g of Burdock Seed, 12g of Honeysuckle, 12g of Forsythia, 12g of Purple Herb Root, 10g of Water Hyacinth, 12g of Radix Ophiopogonis. Brew the herbs in water and take one dose daily.

(3) Pathogenic Injury to Qi and Yin (Late Stage): The rash appears in sequence according to its onset, eventually leaving behind bran-like scaling and brownish spots on the skin. The fever subsides, the body feels cooler, appetite returns, or there may be lingering heat, thirst, and fatigue; the tongue is red with little coating, and the pulse is fine and rapid. Treatment focuses on replenishing qi and nourishing yin while clearing residual toxins, using a modified Shashen Mai Dong Tang formula: 15g of Radix Codonopsis, 12g of Ophiopogon, 15g of Rehmannia Root, 12g of Radix Ophiopogonis, 12g of Codonopsis, 10g of White Flower Vine, 12g of Broad Bean.

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Task output rules: Translate this markdown block from Chinese to English. Preserve markdown markers, links, and formatting. Keep headings and list structure unchanged. Return only the translated block.

Input: Lu Gen 30g, Dan Pi 10g. Decocted in water and taken orally, once daily.

1 dose.

(4) Lung obstruction due to damp-heat: Symptoms include high fever that does not subside, severe cough, shortness of breath with nasal flaring, wheezing in the throat, rash that does not break through the skin, and in severe cases, cyanosis of the lips and tongue, red and dark tongue coating, thin yellow coating, and a slippery, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on clearing heat and detoxifying, opening the lungs and resolving phlegm; use a modified Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang: Ma Huang 6g, Xingren 10g, Sheng Shi Gao 30g, Jin Yin Hua 12g, Lian Qiao 12g, Yu Xing Cao 30g, Zi Cao 10g, Chan Tui 6g, Tian Zhu Huang 19g. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(5) Heart Yang Deficiency leading to collapse: Symptoms include pale complexion, cold hands and feet, profuse cold sweat, rash that does not break through the skin, confusion and restlessness, pale tongue with white coating, and a deep, fine pulse. Treatment should focus on restoring yang and rescuing the vital energy, using a modified Canfu Tang: Ren Shen 12g, Fuzhi 6g (previously decocted), Huang Qi 30g, Gui Zhi 9g, Wu Wei Zi 10g, Mai Dong 10g, Long Gu 10g, Gan Cao 9g. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(6) Evil obstructing the heart and pericardium: Symptoms include high fever, confusion, delirium, irritability, flushed face, labored breathing, rash that does not break through easily, or rash that appears densely purple, with occasional convulsions, red and dark tongue coating, yellow and dry tongue, and a slippery, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on clearing heat, detoxifying, opening the orifices, and awakening the spirit; use Qing Ying Tang with An Gong Niu Huang Wan or Zi Xue Dan. Use 3g of Xi Jiao (replace with 30g of Shui Niu Jiao), 12g of Sheng Di, 10g of Shan Zhi, 9g of Huang Lian, 10g of Dan Pi, 10g of Di Long, 12g of Zi Cao, 10g of Chang Pu, and 9g of Yu Jin. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(7) Damp-heat attacking the throat: Symptoms include sore throat, hoarseness, choking cough, vomiting, irritability, and even difficulty breathing, with open mouth and raised shoulders, purplish-blue face, red tongue with yellow coating, and a floating, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on clearing heat, detoxifying, and relieving throat congestion and swelling; use Qing Yan Li Ge Tang with modifications: Jin Yin Hua 12g, Lian Qiao 12g, Xuan Shen 12g, Jie Bing 10g, She Gan 10g, Niu Lao Zi 12g, Zi Cao 12g, Bang Da Hai 10g, Gan Cao 6g. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(8) Evil invading the blood compartment: Symptoms include persistent high fever, irritability, dense, confluent rashes that turn dark purple, and in severe cases, nosebleeds, bruising, and a red tongue with yellow coating, along with a rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on clearing heat, cooling the blood, detoxifying, and resolving the rash; use Hua Ban Tang with modifications: Xi Jiao 3g (to be taken as a powder), Sheng Di 12g, Shan Zhi 10g, Xuan Shen 15g, Bai Mao Gen 30g, Dan Pi 10g, Zi Cao 12g, Ban Lan Gen 30g, San Qi 9g. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(9) Post-masquerade diarrhea: Symptoms include measles having subsided but still lingering fever, abdominal pain with tenesmus, mixed red and white stools, poor appetite and fatigue, red tongue with yellow coating, and a slippery, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying, and stopping diarrhea; use Bai Tou Weng Tang with modifications: Bai Tou Weng 15g, Huang Lian 10g, Jin Yin Hua 12g, Qin Pi 10g, Chi Shu 10g, Chi Kuai 12g, Huang Bo 9g, Fu Ling 10g, Gan Cao 6g. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

(10) Post-masquerade fever: Symptoms include measles having subsided but prolonged fever, five-heart heat, emaciation, excessive thirst, red tongue with little coating, and a fine, rapid pulse. Treatment should focus on nourishing yin and clearing heat; use Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang with modifications: Qing Hao 15g, Bie Jia 15g, Di Gu Pi 15g, Dan Pi 10g, Zhi Mu 10g, Sheng Di 15g, Xuan Shen

Chapter Two: Infectious Diseases

12g of Yu Zhu, 10g of Mai Men Dong. Decocted in water and taken orally, one dose per day.

2. For patients with various types of conditions, if there is yin deficiency and cold pattern, add Ma Huang, Gui Zhi, and Zisu; for those with poorly breaking through the rash, add Yuan Cai and Cherry Dew; for rashes that appear in patches and have a dark purple color, add Hong Hua and Danshen; for sore throat and hoarseness, add Liu Shen Wan, Yu Hu Die, and Bang Da Hai; for vomiting, add Yu Shu Dan; for poor appetite, add Ji Nei Jin and Gu Mai Ya; for cough with excessive phlegm, add Ban Xia and Fresh Bamboo Juice; for excessive phlegm and wheezing, add Bai Jie Zi and Lai Fu Zi; for high fever causing convulsions, add Ling Yang Jiao and Gou Teng; for excessive sweating, add Long Gu, Mu Li, and Fu Xiao Mai; for diarrhea, add Ge Gen, Huang Qin, and Huang Lian; for constipation, add Da Huang; for night blindness after measles, add Qi Ju Di Huang Wan; for itching after measles, add He Shou Wu, Bai Ti Li, Chan Tui, Bai Wei, and others.

(4) Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources on Diagnosis and Treatment of This Disease

The basic principle of treating measles is “to allow the rash to break through, clear heat, and nourish yin.” Over the past decade or so, some scholars have adopted new treatment methods, all of which have yielded good results.

Old Chinese medicine practitioner Sun Jinchen believed that measles is a type of yang toxicity, and its treatment principles are no different from those used for warm-disease cases—however, during the early and middle stages of measles, it is essential to allow the rash to break through. He emphasized that during the pre-rash stage, the evil resides in the Wei portion, so when dispersing the exterior, do not forget to allow the rash to break through; during the rash stage, when heat and toxins become congested, while clearing heat, it is still necessary to allow the rash to break through. While using rash-clearing herbs, Sun often added blood-moving and channel-opening herbs. When measles toxins enter the Ying portion, it is advisable to clear the Ying and open the channels simultaneously. Commonly used blood-moving and channel-opening herbs include Danshen, Chi Shu, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Lu Lu Tong, Si Gua Luo, Di Long, and others. These blood-moving and channel-opening herbs act to activate blood circulation and disperse wind in the early stage of the rash, while allowing the rash to break through in the later stages; they also help to invigorate qi and blood in the recovery phase. Therefore, channel-opening herbs can be used throughout the entire course of measles. (Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1978.2)

Fan Dingguang used “Qing Jie Huo Hua Tang” to treat measles and pneumonia. Regardless of the severity of the condition, whenever the child could swallow, he would primarily use Qing Jie Huo Hua Tang (Huang Qin, Lian Qiao, Ban Lan Gen, Da Qing Ye, Niu Ang Zi, Chuan Xiong, Hong Hua, Chi Shu, Danshen, Tao Ren, Niu Xi, Yu Jin, Jie Bing) as the main formula. In combination with Western and traditional Chinese medicine, 41 pediatric patients were treated without antibiotics in most cases; among them, 39 recovered, and 2 showed improvement. The average body temperature dropped to normal within 3–4 days; lung signs disappeared on average within 4 days. Based on diagnosis, the cases were categorized as follows: ① Heat-Toxin Type: The original formula of Qing Jie Huo Hua Tang was supplemented with Li Shen and Sheng Ma, and external applications involved steaming with coriander and tamarisk leaves. ② Deficiency-Cold Type: Treatment should focus on strengthening the body’s righteous qi, opening the lungs, and restoring yang to rescue the vital energy; the original formula was adjusted by removing the heat-clearing herbs and adding Canfu Tang and Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang. (Ningxia Medical and Health, 1979.2)

Xu Zibo believed that when treating measles, one should adhere to the principle of “if the rash breaks through too late, it is better to release the exterior; if it breaks through too early, it is better to detoxify,” thereby balancing the yin and yang of the patient’s body and preventing excess while seeking balance. For mild cases, use Xuan Du Fa Xue Tang with adjustments to allow the rash to break through. For cases where the rash breaks through too late, add Ma Huang, Ni Chu Chuan, and Tamarisk Leaves. Once the rash has broken through, use Yin Qiao San with adjustments to clear heat and detoxify, while also allowing the rash to break through. If the heat-toxin is severe and the patient experiences high fever and confusion, use San Huang Jie Du Tang with adjustments. When the patient’s physical strength has not yet recovered, it is common to use yin-nourishing and heat-clearing herbs to regulate the body; detoxification herbs are designed for this purpose, commonly using Dao Chi San with adjustments. (Sichuan Medical, 1980.1)

Old Chinese medicine practitioner Qu Shao Zhang summarized that the medications used in treating measles can be divided into “three advantages” and “three disadvantages”: advantage in clearing (clearing in the early stage, clearing heat and detoxifying in the middle stage, nourishing in the later stage); advantage in breaking through (making great efforts to “loosen and clear” the rash, even after the rash has broken through, still using light, clear, and soothing herbs to avoid blocking the flow of qi); advantage in cooling the blood (clearing the Ying and cooling the blood during the rash stage, nourishing fluids and moistening the blood after the rash). Disadvantage in warming (herbs like Qiang Huo, Fang Feng, Ma Huang, Gui Zhi, and Jie Bing—spicy and warm herbs—should be avoided); disadvantage in being bitter and cold (herbs like Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Huang Bo, Shan Zhi, and Long Dan Cao—strongly bitter and cold—can damage the spleen and lead to toxin accumulation, so they should not be used indiscriminately); disadvantage in being greasy (in the later stages, when nourishing yin, it is not appropriate to use overly greasy products like A Jiao, Goji Berries, or Shu Di). (Guangzhou Clinical Data Compilation, 1980.3)

Ni Xi Gan Cao Tang (Ni Xi 20g, Gan Cao 10g) was used to treat measles complicated with laryngitis. This formula was prepared by adding 150ml of water, decocting until 60ml remained, and administering 4–6ml every 20–40 minutes. A total of 119 cases were treated, with 117 cases cured, accounting for 98.3%; among the 10 severe cases of laryngitis, 8 were successfully cured. The time it took for hoarseness to disappear ranged from 2 to 13 days; the time it took for coughing to disappear ranged from 1 to 10 days, with an average of 2.8 days; the time it took for breathing difficulties to improve ranged from 4 to 18 hours, with an average of 5.8 hours. (Intermediate Medical Journal, 1987.9)

Some cases also employed single herbal formulas or acupuncture to treat measles. Coriander leaves were boiled in hot water for 15 days; the water was placed in a basin, first used for steaming, then for washing the feet, to aid the rash to break through. Five scallions were crushed into a paste and applied to the navel area for those with poorly breaking through the rash (Edited by Wu Xue Qiao et al.: Practical Pediatrics, 1st edition, Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1985: Measles Section). Acupuncture treatment included: in the early stage of the rash, select Hegu and Fulu; during the rash stage, add Chize and NeiTong; for sore throat, apply bloodletting at Shaoshang; for diarrhea in the thighs, add Zusanli; for high fever, add Jushui; for convulsions, add Ruchong and Shenmen; in the later stages of the rash, if no complications arise, acupuncture is generally not necessary. (Editor-in-chief of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu New Medical College: Clinical Handbook of Common Diseases – Measles Section)

Since March 2005, Wang Jianming and his colleagues have treated more than 500 cases of measles. Among these, 86 cases with more severe conditions were treated concurrently with Western medicine such as α-interferon and gamma-globulin injections, while also employing methods that focused on releasing wind, benefiting the lungs, clearing heat, detoxifying, and allowing the rash to break through. The basic formula was: Huang Qin 3–12, Niu Lao Zi, Sang Ye, and Chrysanthemum each 3–15g; Jie Bing and Zhebei each 3–12g; Roasted Loquat Leaf 3–15g; Light Bamboo Leaf 3–6g; Lu Gen 5–20g. During the early stage of measles, when the rash broke through, add Sheng Ma and Ge Gen to promote the rash’s breakdown; for nasal congestion and runny nose, and sore throat, use Xin Huang, Cang Ei Zi, Xuan Shen, and She Gan to help clear the throat and open the airways; when the rash turned dark purple, indicating heat buildup, add Chi Shu, Dan Pi, and Zi Cao to clear heat, cool the blood, and activate blood circulation; for cough and wheezing, add Roasted Ma Huang, Sheng Shi Gao, Xing Ren, and Rou Bai Du to clear heat and calm the airways.