1. Liver-Opening and Depression-Relief Method

1. Liver-Opening and Depression-Relief Method Suitable for liver depression and qi stagnation during the latent phase of AIDS. Symptoms include emotional depression, fear and anxiety, chest tightness and sighing, flank distension, frequent belching, thin white tongue coating, and a wiry pulse. A modified Chaihu Shugan Decoction can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Chaihu, Chuanxiong, Xiangfu, Qingpi, Chenpi, Zhike, Baishao, and Gancao. If symptoms persist for a longer period and the patient experiences reduced appetite and shortness of breath, indicating qi deficiency, consider adding Ginseng, Huangqi, Fresh Ginger, and Red Dates.
2. Liver-Opening and Spleen-Potentiating Method Suitable for liver depression and spleen deficiency during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of appetite, flank distension or pain, belching, abdominal bloating, intestinal rumbling and gas passage, loose stools, and a thin white tongue coating. A combination of Si Ni San and Tong Xie Yao Fang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Chaihu, Fangfeng, Baishao, Baizhu, Chenpi, and Gancao. Frequent belching indicates significant liver depression; add Su Jing, Xiangfu, Qingpi, and others.
3. Qi-Boosting and Spleen-Strengthening Method Often used for spleen deficiency and damp obstruction during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include fatigue, pale complexion, poor appetite, even nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension and fullness, diarrhea, a pale tongue with a greasy white coating, and a weak, soft pulse. A modified Xiangsha Liu Jun Zi Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Dangshen, Bai Zhu, Fuling, Muxiang, Sharen, Banxia, Chenpi, and Gancao. If leg and foot edema occurs, consider adding Ganjiang, Zhuli, and Ze Xie.
4. Qi-Boosting and Surface-Defending Method Suitable for qi deficiency and external exposure during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, extreme weakness, low voice, fever and body aches, mild aversion to wind and cold, worsening with exertion, cough with little sputum, or enlarged lymph nodes, a pale tongue with a white coating, and a floating, weak pulse. A modified Can Su Yin can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Dangshen (or Ginseng), Su Ye, Xingren, Chenpi, Jiegeng, Gancao, and others. If cough is severe and sputum production is high, add Banxia, Qianhu, Zhike, and others.
5. Qi-Boosting and Blood-Nourishing Method Suitable for qi deficiency and blood deficiency during the latent phase of AIDS. Symptoms include weakness, emaciation, fatigue, lack of vitality, pale complexion, poor appetite, dizziness, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, a pale tongue with a thin white coating, and a weak, fine pulse. A modified Yangxue Gui Pi Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Dangshen (or Ginseng), Bai Zhu, Huangqi, Danggui, Zao Ren, Fuling, Yuanzhi, Muxiang, Longyan, Fresh Ginger, and Red Dates. If you feel cold and shiver, especially due to qi deficiency and yang deficiency, add Tuosi Zi, Bajitian, Xianlingmi; if your tongue is red and covered with little coating, consider adding Shu Di, Gou Qi Zi, Mai Dong, and others.
6. Yin-Nourishing and Exterior-Defending Method Suitable for Yin deficiency and external exposure during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include low-grade fever, aversion to wind, general weakness, heat in the palms and soles, soreness in the lower back and knees, palpitations and restless sleep, thirst, throat pain, cough, small amounts of sputum, chest pain, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin, a red tongue with little coating, and a floating, fine pulse. A modified Weiru Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Dan Dou Chi, Jiegeng, Yuzhu, Bai Wei, Gancao, Mint, Red Dates, and Scallions. If the throat is severely red and swollen, and heat toxicity is prominent, add Hua Jin Hua, Da Qing Ye, Ban Lan Gen; if lymph nodes are significantly swollen, add Beimu, Niu Bang Zi, Xia Ke Cao, and others.
7. Clearing Yangming Heat Method Suitable for Yangming heat excess during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include high fever, sweating, thirst, restlessness, cough, chest pain, constipation, a red tongue, and a rapid, weak pulse. A modified Bai Hu Jia Ren Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Dangshen (or Ginseng), Gypsum, Zhimu, Jingu, Gancao, and others. For severe heat, add Hua Jin Hua, Lian Qiao, and Qing Dai; for severe chest pain, add Sang Bai Pi and Gua Lou Pi.
8. Transforming Dampness and Detoxifying Method Suitable for complete AIDS stage with excessive dampness and toxins. Symptoms include fever, abdominal fullness and discomfort, general sluggishness, nausea and loss of appetite, dry and bitter mouth, or oral ulcers, loose stools or foul-smelling diarrhea, genital itching and sores, dark red tongue with a greasy yellow coating, and a floating, fine pulse. A modified Qing Wen Baidu Yin can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Xijiao (or Water Buffalo Horn), Huang Lian, Lian Qiao, Zhizi, Huang Qin, Zhimu, Sheng Di, Xuan Shen, Chi Shao, Dan Pi, Zhu Ye, Jiegeng, Gancao, and others. If nausea and loss of appetite occur, the dampness is too heavy; remove Dan Pi, Sheng Di, Chi Shao, and Jiegeng, and add Bamboo Juice, Prepared Banxia, Roasted Loquat Leaves. If dampness accumulates in the intestines and causes loose stools or foul-smelling diarrhea, remove Sheng Di, Zhimu, Xuan Shen, and Dan Pi, and add Hua Jin Hua, Huang Bo, and Huashi. If damp heat causes genital itching or lower limb ulcers, add Longdan Cao, Mu Tong, Huang Bo, and Yi Yi Ren.
9. Cooling Blood and Detoxifying Method Often used for heat entering the Ying blood stage during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include persistent high fever, confusion and delirium, faint rashes on the skin, a red and purplish tongue, and a fine, rapid pulse. A modified Qing Ying Tang can be used with Zixue Dan. Commonly prescribed herbs include Xijiao (or Water Buffalo Horn), Sheng Di, Dan Shen, Mai Dong, Zhu Ye, Xuan Shen, Huang Lian, Hua Jin Hua, Lian Qiao, and others. If heat and phlegm accumulate in the heart and brain, causing confusion and delirium, add Changpu and Yu Jin.
10. Nourishing Lung and Nourishing Yin Method Suitable for complete AIDS stage with phlegm-heat injuring Yin. Symptoms include coughing, occasional expectoration of thin mucus, dry mouth and throat, afternoon heat, flushed cheeks, irritability, heat in the palms and soles, night sweats, a red tongue with little coating, and a small, rapid pulse. A modified Nourishing Yin and Clearing Lung Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Xuan Shen, Baishao, Dan Pi, Mai Dong, Chuan Bei Mu, Sheng Di, Gancao, and Mint. If phlegm-heat is predominant, add Sang Bai Pi, Gua Wei Pi, Winter Melon Seeds, Yi Yi Ren, and Dajie San; if the throat is dry and cracked, add Flower Pollen, Stone Orchid, and Reed Root.
11. Calming Wind and Transforming Phlegm Method Suitable for liver wind movement during the complete AIDS stage. Symptoms include headache resembling a pulling sensation or dizziness that makes you feel like you’re about to fall, even facial and eye distortion, limb tremors or numbness, tongue stiffness and unclear speech, even sudden collapse, hand and foot convulsions, a red tongue with a thin yellow or greasy coating, and a floating, rapid pulse. A modified Lingjiao Gou Teng Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Lingyang Jiao, Gou Teng, Mulberry Leaves, Chrysanthemum, Bamboo Ribs, Fu Shen, Sheng Di, Baishao, Chuan Bei Mu, Shi Jue Ming, Zhen Zhu, and Gancao. If the patient is in a coma, add Zhibao Dan or An Gong Niu Huang Wan.
12. Nourishing Liver and Kidney Method Suitable for liver-kidney Yin deficiency during the AIDS syndrome stage. Symptoms include dizziness and tinnitus, dry eyes and throat, blurred vision, five heartburns, lower back and knee soreness, afternoon heat, night sweats, a red tongue with little coating, and a weak, sharp pulse. A modified Qiju Di Huang Tang can be used. Commonly prescribed herbs include Goji Berries, Shu Di, Shan Yu Rou, Chrysanthemum, Dan Pi, Ze Xie, Fuling, Yam, and others. If liver yang is excessively elevated and dizziness is severe, add Shi Jue Ming and Oyster; if Yin deficiency and internal heat prevail, add Turtle Shell; if liver meridians are disrupted and accompanied by flank pain, add Chuan Lian Zi.
13. Nourishing Kidney and Enhancing Essence Method Often used for kidney deficiency and essence deficiency during the complete AIDS stage. Symptoms include extreme weight loss, dizziness and tinnitus, blurred vision, even blindness, lower back and knee soreness, palpitations and shortness of breath, or blood in sputum, sores on the tongue and mouth, afternoon heat and night sweats, or facial swelling and foot edema, spontaneous sweating and cold intolerance, loose stools, male impotence and sperm leakage, female amenorrhea, a red or light purple tongue with little coating or bare tongue, a weak, fine pulse or a large, weak pulse. It is recommended to select a modified Biantian Da Zao Wan. Commonly prescribed herbs include Ginseng, Huangqi, Bai Zhu, Yam, Zao Ren, Fuling, Yuan Zhi, Dang Gui, Baishao, Shu Di, Zihé Che, Guigang, and others. If Yin deficiency and internal heat are prominent, remove Guigang, add Silver Chaihu, Dan Pi, and Bai Wei; if Yang deficiency is accompanied by cold, especially if diarrhea occurs at the fifth watch of the night, remove Shu Di, Dang Gui, and Guigang, and instead add Nutmeg, Fulfillment Seed, and others. (Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1999.3) (3) Traditional Chinese Medical Resources on Dialectical Differentiation and Treatment of this Disease According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, Su Cheng Lian divided the clinical manifestations of AIDS into the following four types: First, the Lung and Stomach Yin Deficiency type, primarily characterized by respiratory symptoms; treatments include Shen Ling Bai Zhu San and Bai Li Gu Jin Tang, with additions of Sheng Mai Yin or Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, and other formulas. Second, the Spleen and Stomach Deficiency type, often marked by digestive symptoms, with diarrhea being a typical symptom; treatments include Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, and Wen Dan Tang, with additions of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Wan, Ren Shen Gui Pi Wan, and Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan. Third, the Spleen and Kidney Deficiency type, commonly seen in advanced-stage patients; treatments include Si Jun Zi Tang, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, with additions of Si Shen Wan, or simultaneous use of Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan or Shi Quan Da Bu Wan. Fourth, the Heat Excess and Phlegm Obstruction type, often seen in late-stage patients with HIV infection who are critically ill; treatments include An Gong Niu Huang Wan, Gou Teng Yin, Su He Xiang Wan, and Sheng Mai Yin. (Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1991.2) Wang Zhen Kun proposed three major treatment principles: “Treat deficiency with tonification,” “Treat excess with drainage,” and “Combine tonification and drainage.” “Treat deficiency with tonification” refers to tonifying methods; for lung issues, use Sheng Mai San with Flower Pollen; for spleen issues, use Gui Pi Tang or Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang; for kidney Yin deficiency, use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan; for kidney Yang deficiency, use Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan. For those with both qi and blood deficiency, use Ba Zhen Tang or Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang. “Treat excess with drainage” in terms of syndrome analysis, mixed infections after HIV infection often present as phlegm-heat and internal heat; in the early stages, when combined with external exposure, use Huo Pu Xia Ling Tang or San Ren Tang; in the middle stages, when phlegm and dampness accumulate in the spleen and stomach, use Er Chen Tang with San Huang Di Ding; in the later stages, when tumors or boils form, use Xiao Ying Wan with additions, Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan, Xia Du Xu Tang, Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, with commonly prescribed herbs including Dan Shen, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Lu Xiang, Mo Yao, Tu Die, San Ling, E Ru, and others. “Treat deficiency with tonification and treat excess with drainage,” using Compound Dan Shen Tablets, with Deer Antler as the main ingredient combined with Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, Ren Shen Tang with Huang Qi, San Ren Tang, Huo Pu Xia Ling Tang, and Shen Ling Bai Zhu San with additions. (Traditional Chinese Medicine for AIDS, 1995.4) Wang Bao Xiang and others classified AIDS into five different syndromes for treatment: First, the Lung Qi and Yin Deficiency type, treated with Sheng Mai Yin and Bai Li Gu Jin Tang with additions; second, the Lung and Spleen Deficiency type, treated with Six Junzi Tang with additions; third, the Heart Qi and Yin Deficiency type, treated with Xin Kang Oral Soup with additions (Ginseng, Huangqi, Mai Dong, Ban Lan Gen, Lian Qiao, Da Qing Ye, Shi Chang Pu, Baizhu, Huang Jing, Dan Shen, Sha Shen); fourth, the Spleen and Kidney Deficiency type, treated with Six Junzi Tang and Si Shen Wan with additions; fifth, the Heat Toxicity and Phlegm Obstruction type, treated with An Gong Niu Huang Wan and Gou Teng Tang with additions. (Air Force Military Medical College Journal, 1998.1) You Song Xin, based on the different clinical manifestations of each stage of AIDS, proposed 13 common treatment methods: First, the Liver-Opening and Depression-Relief Method, suitable for using Chaihu Shugan Decoction with additions; second, the Liver-Opening and Spleen-Potentiating Method, suitable for using Si Ni San combined with Tong Xie Yao Fang; third, the Qi-Boosting and Spleen-Strengthening Method, suitable for using Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang with additions; fourth, the Qi-Boosting and Surface-Defending Method, suitable for using Can Su Yin with additions; fifth, the Qi-Boosting and Blood-Nourishing Method, suitable for using Jiang Nourishing Tang with additions; sixth, the Yin-Nourishing and Exterior-Defending Method, suitable for using Weiru Tang with additions; seventh, the Clearing Yangming Method, suitable for using Bai Hu Jia Ren Tang with additions; eighth, the Transforming Dampness and Detoxifying Method, suitable for using Qing Wen Baidu Yin with additions; ninth, the Cooling Blood and Detoxifying Method, suitable for using Qing Ying Tang with Zixue Dan; tenth, the Clearing Lung and Nourishing Yin Method, suitable for using Nourishing Yin and Clearing Lung Tang with additions; eleventh, the Calming Wind and Transforming Phlegm Method, suitable for using Lingjiao Gou Teng Tang with additions; twelfth, the Nourishing Liver and Kidney Method, suitable for using Qiju Di Huang Tang with additions; thirteenth, the Supplementing Kidney and Enhancing Essence Method, suitable for selecting Biantian Da Zao Wan with additions. (Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1999.3) Research shows that almost all blood-tonifying Chinese medicines, as well as many other types of Chinese medicinal herbs, possess varying degrees of immune-enhancing effects. Examples include Astragalus, Cordyceps sinensis, Tianma, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Goji berries, Silver Ear, Asparagus, and Shiitake mushrooms. Goji berries can promote the proliferation and enhance the function of auxiliary T cells, increasing the CD₄/CD₈ ratio and combating CD₄ exhaustion; Astragalus, Shiitake mushrooms, Tianma, and Silver Ear demonstrate a clear ability to stimulate the production of interferon by viruses. Chinese medicines that can increase white blood cell counts include Ginseng, Dangshen, Astragalus, Lingzhi, Ejiao, Zihé Che, Chicken Blood Vine, Female Judas Tree, Cornus officinalis, Fulfillment Seed, Bistort, Triangular Worm, and others; Chinese medicines that can enhance neutrophil phagocytic function include Ginseng, Yam, Coix Seed, Dang Gui, Rehmannia, Asparagus, Female Judas Tree, Epimedium, Lingzhi, and Shiitake mushrooms—all of these single herbs can treat AIDS. (Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information, 2000.1) Xu Zhiming and others proposed two major principles for treating AIDS: First, support the righteous and nurture the root; for lung health, use Shen Ge San and Bai Li Gu Jin Tang, and for heart health, use Ren Shen to nourish.

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Input: Pancreatic cancer presents with upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, accompanied by progressive obstructive jaundice; liver cancer is characterized by progressive hepatomegaly and pain in the hepatic region, with positive AFP levels. X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans can all aid in diagnosis. Leukemia and malignant histiocytosis may present with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, jaundice, and bleeding; bone marrow examination can serve as a definitive diagnostic tool.

5. Metabolic Liver Diseases and Autoimmune Disorders Fatty liver, hepatic hemochromatosis, glycogen storage diseases of the liver, congenital non-hemolytic jaundice, systemic lupus erythematosus, and non-specific ulcerative colitis are among the conditions that may be associated with these disorders. Laboratory tests provide some assistance in diagnosis, though most cases require liver biopsy for definitive confirmation.

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