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Input: Gastric, warming the middle and transforming dampness. Prescription: Yin Chen Shu Fu Tang with modifications: Yin Chen 30–60g, Fuzi, Ganjiang, and Gancao each 60g, Fuling 20g, Buxue and Ze Xie each 10g. For those with severe abdominal distension and thick coating on the tongue, add Cang Zhu, Hou Pu, and Da Fu Pi. 4. Severe Hepatitis Acute, subacute, and chronic severe hepatitis are common critical conditions in clinical practice, characterized by complex pathogenic mechanisms, rapid disease progression, and high mortality rates. Based on different complications of severe hepatitis, it can be categorized under traditional Chinese medicine’s categories such as “acute jaundice,” “epidemic jaundice,” “abdominal distension,” and “blood disorders.” Currently, the treatment of severe hepatitis typically employs a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, employing multi-modal, integrated therapies. Depending on the distinct clinical syndromes and related tests, TCM treatment can be divided into various syndrome types, including heat-toxin stagnation in the liver, blood stasis due to obstruction, yin deficiency with blood heat, spleen-kidney yang deficiency, phlegm obstructing the heart and orifices, and evil invading and vital energy depleted. For major complications such as jaundice, ascites, bleeding, and coma, treatment can be tailored according to specific disease patterns and syndromes. When heat-toxin is rampant, the primary symptoms include sudden onset of jaundice that rapidly worsens, high fever with thirst, frequent vomiting, abdominal distension and fullness, pain that is resistant to pressure, constipation, short, red urine, irritability, yellowish-brown tongue coating, and a wiry, rapid pulse. Treatment principles include clearing heat and detoxifying, draining fire and reducing jaundice. Prescriptions include Yin Chen Hao Tang, Huang Lian Jie Du Tang combined with Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin with modifications: Yin Chen 60g, Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Zhi Zi, and Da Huang each 10g, Lian Qiao 20g, Ban Lan Gen, Che Qian Cao, Pu Gong Ying, and Jin Yin Hua each 30g. In cases where heat-toxin has invaded internally, the primary symptoms include sudden onset, rapid progression, yellow skin like gold, high fever with urinary retention, skin rashes resembling blood, or agitation, even delirium and convulsions, or mental confusion, with a red, deep-colored tongue and a foul, turbid tongue coating, and a wiry, fine, rapid pulse. Treatment principles include clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling the blood and nourishing yin. Prescriptions include Xi Jiao San with modifications: Xi Jiao Fen 3g (to be taken in a single dose), Shi Jue Ming, Sheng Di, Yin Chen, Chi Shao, Lian Qiao, and Ban Lan Gen each 30g, Da Huang and Dan Pi each 15g, Huang Lian and Zhi Zi each 10g. In cases of high fever and coma, administer An Gong Niu Huang Wan, Zhi Bao Dan, or Zi Xue Dan; for bleeding, add drugs that cool the blood and stop bleeding; for dampness and turbidity obstructing the orifices, use Chang Pu Yu Jin Tang combined with Yu Shu Dan and Zhi Bao Dan to clear phlegm and open the orifices. In cases of true deficiency and lingering evil, the clinical manifestations include no obvious discomfort. The diagnostic criteria require that, after excluding all of the above-mentioned syndrome types, if there is no obvious discomfort and liver inflammation virus indicators test positive, then the condition falls under this syndrome type. Western medical diagnosis: chronic HBV carrier—no treatment is required. Prescription options suitable for all types: Based on the aforementioned syndrome differentiation and in reference to modern medical pathology and laboratory tests, selecting appropriate formulas and medications can help improve therapeutic efficacy.

1. Antiviral Therapy: The causative agent of hepatitis B is HBV. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis, the first principle of treatment should be antiviral therapy. Traditional Chinese medicines such as Yin Chen Hao, Sheng Jiang, Huo Tan Mu, Zhu Ling, Sang Ji Sheng, Dan Shen, Hu Zhang, Ban Lan Gen, Ku Shen, Xu Chang Qing, Wu Wei Zi, and Kǔ Wei Ye Xia Zhu have inhibitory effects on the hepatitis B virus. Meanwhile, Long Dan Cao, Huang Qin, Shan Dou Gen, Zhi Zi, and Ku Shen effectively inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus RNA. Various heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs such as Guan Zhong, blood-cooling and detoxifying herbs such as Zi Cao and Xuan Shen, laxative detoxifying herbs such as Da Huang, dampness-resolving detoxifying herbs such as Tu Fu Ling and Sheng Yi Ren, and blood-moving detoxifying herbs such as Ban Bian Lian are all worthy of further research.
2. Immunomodulatory Therapy: The focus of immunomodulation is to enhance immunity and strengthen the body’s fundamental defenses. Astragalus, Ling Zhi, He Shou Wu, Nu Zhen Zi, Xian Ling Pi, and other herbs can increase the T cell CD4/CD8 ratio, promote lymphocyte transformation, and enhance cellular immune responses. Many traditional Chinese medicinal polysaccharides possess antioxidant properties, stimulate cellular and humoral immunity, induce interferon production, activate multiple cytokines within the body, enhance macrophage phagocytic function, and exhibit anti-cancer effects. Dampness-resolving herbs such as Chai Hu, Huang Qin, Ban Xia, Huo Xiang, Fuling, Long Dan Cao, Hu Zhang, and Bai Hua She Tiao can strengthen T cell receptor (TCR) VB gene expression, leading to higher HBV-DNA and HBeAg conversion rates, and improving symptoms and liver function to varying degrees. Other herbs such as Xian Ling Pi, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Ba Ji Tian, Ren Shen, Dang Shen, Sha Shen, Mai Dong, Xiang Gu, Bai Zhu, He Shou Wu, Nu Zhen Zi, Ye Hua Cao, and others are also effective. Prescriptions such as Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang, and Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin are all worth further study.
3. Promoting Liver Tissue Recovery, Improving Liver Function, and Anti-Fibrosis: Microcirculatory disorders in the liver are the pathological basis underlying the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Blood-moving and blood-stagnation-reducing herbs such as Chi Shao, Dan Shen, and Ge Gen can dilate intrahepatic vessels, increase hepatic blood flow, and improve blood supply to hepatocytes, thereby reducing hepatocellular necrosis, accelerating lesion repair, and promoting hepatocyte regeneration. Blood-moving and blood-stagnation-reducing herbs also have immunosuppressive effects: for those with heavy damp-heat and elevated ALT, select Pei Pen Cao and Shan Dou Gen; for those with mild damp-heat, choose Wu Wei Zi preparations. Once enzyme levels return to normal, gradually reduce the dosage, continue taking the medication for 2–3 months before discontinuing to avoid rebound. To improve protein metabolism, focusing on qi-nourishing and blood-tonifying, nourish yin and replenish qi with herbs such as Ren Shen, Huang Qi, Dang Shen, Ling Zhi, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Dang Shen Wan, Wu Ji Bai Feng Wan, and He Che Da Zao Wan.
4. Anti-Fibrosis Therapy: Traditional Chinese medicine possesses efficacy in anti-fibrosis treatment that surpasses that of Western medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine not only exhibits significant anti-fibrotic effects but also has the potential to reverse early-stage cirrhosis. The active ingredient kushenol in traditional Chinese medicine can significantly inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and the expression of type III collagen mRNA. Oxidized kushenol may suppress inflammatory processes, inhibit activation of hepatic stellate cells, and inhibit fibroblast proliferation, thereby achieving anti-fibrotic effects. Quercetin found in plants such as Chuan Xiong and Erythrina can improve microcirculation, protect hepatocytes, combat lipid peroxidation, and exert anti-fibrotic effects. Danshen can inhibit the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, reduce their collagen synthesis and secretion, and thus exert anti-fibrotic effects. Sanqi can significantly alleviate hepatocellular necrosis, promote hepatocyte repair and regeneration, and reduce liver changes. Cordyceps mycelium can enhance the body’s immune function, strengthen the body’s ability to eliminate viruses and other pathogens, protect hepatocytes, and indirectly inhibit the occurrence and progression of liver fibrosis. Chi Shao can inhibit collagen fibers, improve serological indicators of liver fibrosis, and alleviate pathological changes in liver tissue. The amygdalin in peach kernels is an important active component for anti-fibrosis, promoting the degradation of collagen and fibronectin within the liver. Peach kernels, red flowers, Danshen, Sanqi, lily, mountain oyster mushroom, Chai Hu, and Turtle Shell also demonstrate significant anti-fibrotic effects. The treatment principles of these formulas combine disease identification with syndrome differentiation, strengthening the body’s righteous forces while eliminating harmful factors, and employing multi-level, holistic regulation. In recent years, numerous studies across China have explored the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hepatitis. It is generally believed that combining multiple therapies and formulating prescriptions based on syndrome differentiation better reflects the characteristics of holistic regulation, yields better therapeutic outcomes, and facilitates scientific research. Pei Zhengxue’s research on hepatitis B treatment involved 429 cases of chronic active hepatitis, with a total effective rate of 87.52%, an HBsAg conversion rate of 39.9%, and an anti-HBe conversion rate of 68.57%, which was significantly superior to the control group. One case was characterized by initial depletion of qi and yin: symptoms included fatigue, poor appetite, hot flashes, restlessness, a red tongue with a pale coating, and a deep, fine pulse. This type of symptom was relatively mild; treatment focused on “Sheng Shan Bai Ge Tang” (Sheng Ma 6g, Shan Yao 10g, Bai Zhu 10g, Huang Qi 20g, Dan Shen 20g, Ge Gen 10g, Qin Tiao 10g, Hong Hua 3g, Hu Zhang 10g, Wu Mei 4 pieces, Bai Shao 10g, Chan Yi 6g, Ye Hua 10g, Lu Jin 6g, Wu Ji 10g, Dan Shen 10g, Qian Xiong 6g, Qin Tiao 10g, Bei Jia 10g). Another case was characterized by invasion of the Shaoyang meridian: symptoms included bitter mouth, dry throat, flank pain, abdominal distension, restlessness, a slightly yellowish, greasy tongue coating, and a wiry, rapid pulse. This type of symptom was more pronounced; treatment focused on “Fufang Xiao Chai Hu Tang” (Chai Hu 10g, Huang Qin 10g, Ban Xia 10g, Dang Shen 10g, Gan Cao 6g, Sheng Jiang 6g, Da Zao 6g, Yin Chen 10g, Dan Shen 20g, Huang Qi 20g, Qin Tiao 10g, Ban Lan Gen 10g, Hu Zhang 15g, Dang Shen 120g, Bai Shao 10g, Tao Ye 20g, Lu Jin 10g, Cheng Pi 10g, Ting Li Zi 10g, Qing Chen Pi 10g, Che Qian Zi 19g). A third case was characterized by qi stagnation and blood stasis: symptoms included dull complexion, sharp pain in both flanks, severe right flank pain, abdominal distension and fullness, bleeding, a red tongue with bruising spots, and a wiry, rapid pulse. This type of symptom was severe; treatment focused on “Yi Yin Jian Jia Wei” (Chuan Niu Xi 10g, Dan Pi 10g, Dan Shen 20g, Mai Dong 10g, Sheng Di 10g, Bai Shao 10g, Huang Qi 20g, Ban Lan Gen 6g, Dang Shen 10g, Qian Xiong 6g, Qin Tiao 10g, Yuan Hu 6g, Chuan Lian Zi 10g). A fourth case was characterized by yang deficiency and water accumulation: symptoms included fatigue, exhaustion, abdominal fullness, ascites, edema, chills, spontaneous sweating, a swollen tongue with a pale coating, and a deep, fine, slippery pulse. This type had progressed to late-stage cirrhosis; treatment focused on “Fufang Liu Jun Zi Tang” (Dang Shen 10g, Bai Shao 10g, Fuling 10g, Gan Cao 6g, Ban Xia 6g, Dan Shen 30g, Huang Qi 30g, Qin Tiao 10g, Dang Shen 10g, Bai Shao 10g, Qian Xiong 6g, Ze Xie 10g, Da Fu Pi 10g, Hulu Pi 15g, Ting Li Zi 15g, Qing Chen Pi 10g, Che Qian Zi 19g). All of these formulas were prepared by decocting in water, one dose per day, with 20 doses constituting a course of treatment. Over long-term research, the author developed a series of traditional Chinese medicine formulas for the treatment of hepatitis, combining principles of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxification, regulating the liver, strengthening the spleen, nourishing qi, nourishing blood, cooling the blood, and resolving blood stasis. These formulas include: First, the Clear Liver Formula, composed of Yin Chen, Dang Shen, Da Huang, Long Dan Cao, Lu Jin, Fuling, Che Qian Zi, etc.; it is used for acute jaundice hepatitis, active chronic hepatitis, and decompensated cirrhosis, particularly when the condition is characterized by yang jaundice. Second, the Detoxifying Liver Formula, composed of Chi Shao, Zhi Zi, Da Huang, etc.; it is used for severe hepatitis and severe jaundice hepatitis, especially when the condition is characterized by acute jaundice. Third, the Liver Regulating Formula, composed of Dan Shen, Dang Shen, Huang Jing, Bai Shao, Lu Jin, Long Dan Cao, Turtle Shell, etc.; it is used for the recovery phase of hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis, particularly when the condition is characterized by true deficiency and evil. These three formulas can be used individually, in combination, or in alternating sequences, treating different types and stages of hepatitis and cirrhosis. Among them, 232 cases of chronic hepatitis showed an effective rate of 94%; 148 cases of severe hepatitis had a survival rate of 60%; and 107 cases of decompensated cirrhosis after hepatitis had an effective rate of 66%. The therapeutic efficacy was superior to the control group, with no side effects. The combination formulas, through basic medical research, exhibited bile-promoting, hepatocellular damage repair, and immune-regulatory effects. Immune regulation manifested in enhanced phagocytic function, cytotoxic activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; humoral immunity was suppressed, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels decreased; moreover, they endowed blood cells with the potential to produce interferon. (4) Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources on Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of this Disease “Observations on the Efficacy of Self-Formulated Chinese Medicines in Treating 107 Cases of Decompensated Cirrhosis After Hepatitis” employed a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, treating 107 cases in stages. During the jaundice stage, the primary treatment focused on clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and detoxifying; for mild to moderate jaundice, the Clear Liver Formula (Yin Chen, Dang Shen, Da Huang, Long Dan Cao, Lu Jin, etc.) was used; for severe jaundice, the Detoxifying Liver Formula (Chi Shao, Zhi Zi, Da Huang, etc.) was employed. During the non-jaundice stage, to strengthen the body’s righteous forces and resolve residual evils, the Liver Regulating Formula (Dan Shen, Dang Shen, Huang Jing, Bai Shao, Lu Jin, Long Dan Cao, Turtle Shell, etc.) was used. At the same time, 100 cases were treated with Western medicine as a control group. The former had an effective rate of 66.36%, with a mortality rate of 25.23%, significantly better than the control group’s 38% and 46%. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 1988, No. 4) “Treatment of Asymptomatic HBsAg Carriers with 875 Granules” primarily focused on warming yang, supplemented by nourishing qi, protecting yin, and cooling the blood. Three grams of prepared Fu Zi, seven grams of Gui Rui, two grams of Gui Zhi, twenty grams of Nu Zhen Zi, twenty grams of Sheng Huang Qi, twenty grams of Sheng Shan Yao, fifteen grams of Bai Shao, fifteen grams of Dan Shen, fifteen grams of Chai Hu, seven grams of Gan Cao were mixed into a powder, taken twice daily, 12 grams each time; children’s dosage was adjusted accordingly, treating 30 carriers. A control group was established using Compound Tree Tong Tablets, taken three times daily, 3 tablets each time, with children’s dosage adjusted accordingly. The treatment period was six months. The treatment group saw an HBsAg conversion rate of 40%, an HBeAg conversion rate of 45%, significantly better than the control group. (“Chinese Journal of Traditional Medicine,” 1990, No. 8) “Preliminary Observations on the Improvement of Abnormal Serum Proteins in Chronic Hepatic Disease Patients Through Ginseng, Sanqi, and Amber Powder” – 33 cases of low albumin, who had shown poor response to multiple treatments, were treated with 2 portions each of ginseng and sanqi, and 1 portion of amber powder. The powder was ground into a fine powder, taken 3 grams each time, three times daily, with an average treatment duration of 107.5 days. Results showed that albumin levels increased in 18 cases, globulin levels decreased in 22 cases, and the A/G ratio improved in 22 cases. (“Chinese Journal of Traditional Medicine,” 1990, No. 12) “Research on the Resolution of Severe Jaundice Hepatitis Through a Series of Prescriptions” – 195 cases of severe jaundice hepatitis were treated with red peony, a powerful remedy for damp-heat, among whom 1 case was characterized by damp-heat, while the rest were mostly due to blood stasis and blood heat. The formula was applied in stages: Formula 1 (Sheng Di 15g, Dan Shen 15g, Ge Gen 30g, Red Peony 60g, Dan Pi 15g); Formula 2 (Red Peony, Dan Shen, Ge Gen, etc., formulated according to syndrome differentiation); Formula 3 (Dan Shen, Red Peony, Ge Gen, etc., a standardized formula); Formula 4 was a capsule derived from Formula 3; Formula 5 was a control group, with Red Peony removed from Formula 4. The overall effectiveness rate for jaundice resolution was 85.6%, with the Red Peony formula showing a significant advantage over the control group. (“Chinese Journal of Traditional Medicine,” 1991, No. 2) “Clinical Study on the Treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis B with Kidney-Nourishing Syrup” – Bar Jitian, Cong Rong, Sang Ji Sheng, Gou Qi Zi, Tu Si Zi, Dang Shen, Hu Zhang, Huo Xiang, Qing Pi, etc. were used to prepare kidney-nourishing syrup, 20 ml per dose, taken twice daily. Treatment was conducted on 55 cases, with a one-year follow-up. The HBsAg, anti-HBcM, and HBeAg conversion rates were 30.77%, 30.43%, and 58.53%, respectively; compared to the control group of 49 cases treated with roasted malt, tangerine peel, and Buddha’s hand syrup, as well as the 50 cases treated according to syndrome differentiation, significant differences were observed. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 1991, No. 3) “Observations on the Efficacy of Kushen Alkaloid Injection in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B” – 65 cases were treated with 5 ml of Kushen Alkaloid injection added to 500 ml of 10% glucose solution, administered slowly via intravenous drip. If no reaction occurred, the dose was increased to 100 ml on the second day, once daily, for a course of 2 months. 65 cases were treated with Yin Zhi Huang injection and Dan Shen injection, each 10 ml added to 500 ml of 10% glucose solution, administered via intravenous drip, also for a course of 2 months. Both groups showed comparable therapeutic effects on symptoms, signs, and liver function, but the Kushen group experienced HBeAg, anti-HBcM, and HBV-DNA conversion rates of 43.1%, 58%, and 37%, respectively, significantly better than the control group’s 9.2% and 0%. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 1991, No. 4) “Observations on the Treatment of Hepatitis-Related Cirrhosis with Peach Kernel Extract Combined with Cordyceps Mycelium” – 10 ml of 15% peach kernel extract was added to 500 ml of 5% glucose solution, administered every other day, while simultaneously taking Cordyceps Mycelium capsules three times daily, 1.5 g each time, treating 65 cases; conventional symptomatic treatment served as a control group, all for a course of 3 months. The former showed significant increases in albumin levels, lymphocyte transformation rates, and T cell subsets, while IgG and IgA levels decreased markedly. The portal vein and splenic vein diameters, as well as the spleen volume, were noticeably reduced, and five cases underwent laparoscopic examination with pathological improvements. (“Chinese Journal of Traditional Medicine,” 1991, No. 7) “Clinical Observations on the Treatment of Chronic HBV Infection with Bitter Leaf Down” – Bitter leaf down produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang, was decocted into a herbal soup, 30 ml per dose, taken twice daily, for a course of 3 months, treating 100 cases; the Ban Lan Gen granule served as a control group. The former achieved an HBeAg conversion rate of 52.4%, significantly better than the control group’s 8.3%. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 1992, No. 1) “Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B with Shen Qi and Sanqi Granules” – Shen Qi, Sanqi, Yan Hu Suo, Da Huang, Weiling Xian, Sheng Jiang, etc. were used to prepare granules, 50 g per bag, containing 40 g of raw herbs, taken twice daily, half a bag for adults and a quarter of a bag for children, for a course of 6 months, treating 208 cases; the control group consisted of 96 cases treated with Gan Bi Fu. The former had a total effective rate of 74.52%, an HBeAg conversion rate of 51.6%, and an HBV-DNA conversion rate of 51.5%, significantly better than the control group. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 1992, No. 1) Wang Jingqi and colleagues used the “Fu Zheng Shu Xie” formula (Astragalus, Prince’s Ginseng, Bai Zhu, Goji Berries, Huang Qin, etc.) to treat 96 cases of chronic hepatitis B, with 21 cases cured, 58 cases showing marked improvement, and 15 cases showing effective results; 2 cases remained ineffective, with a total effective rate of 98%. (“Beijing Chinese Medicine,” 2002, No. 3) Xu Jinbo and colleagues used Traditional Chinese Medicine Hepatitis B No. II (Guang Dou Gen, Kushen, Tu Fu Ling, Huang Qi, Qian Cao, Dan Shen, etc.) in combination with interferon and thymic factor D to treat 53 cases of chronic hepatitis B, with total effective rates of 96.23%, and HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV-DNA conversion rates of 11.3%, 75.5%, and 77.4%, respectively. (“Practical Chinese Medicine,” 2003, No. 1) Zhang Huiyun and colleagues treated 106 cases of chronic hepatitis B with Zhi Ling Oral Liquid (Dan Shen, Da Huang, Yin Chen, Chai Hu, Bai Shao, Lu Jin, etc.), with a treatment course of 12 weeks; 76 cases showed marked improvement, 24 cases were effective, with an effective rate of 94.3%. (“Shanghai Chinese Medicine Magazine,” 2003, No. 1) Compound Ye Xia Zhu Capsules (Ye Xia Zhu, Wu Wei Zi, Huang Qi, Hu Zhang, etc.) combined with interferon were used to treat chronic hepatitis B, with a total effective rate of 92.5%, and HBeAg and HBV-DNA conversion rates of 52.8% and 58.2%, respectively. Zhang Youxiang and colleagues used traditional Chinese medicine kidney-nourishing granules in combination with lamivudine to treat 88 cases of chronic hepatitis B, with a total effective rate of 93.5%, and an ALT normalization rate of 93.5%. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 2003, No. 2) Li Zhengwen and colleagues used Kushen Alkaloid Injection in combination with high-dose thymosin to treat 160 cases of chronic hepatitis B, with continuous treatment for 3 months; the ALT and AST normalization rates were 81.9% and 86.3%, respectively, while the HBeAg and HBV-DNA conversion rates were 38.7% and 31.1%, respectively. (“Chinese Journal of Integrated Medicine,” 2003, No. 3) Zhao Dongsheng believed that this disease is caused by insufficient righteous qi, unable to drive away external evils, with latent epidemic toxins leading to prolonged illness. Therefore, combining antiviral therapy with immunomodulatory therapy—strengthening the body’s righteous forces while eliminating harmful factors—may improve therapeutic efficacy. On one hand, highly effective yet low-toxicity antiviral drugs are used to inhibit the synthesis of new HBV-DNA, while Astragalus, Red Ginseng, Purple River Car, Dong Chong Xia Cao,淫 Yang Huo, and Cinnamon are heavily used to warm and tonify the spleen and kidneys, raise yang and assist yang, thereby breaking immune tolerance and triggering a complete immune response. Once righteous qi recovers and the balance between righteous and evil forces becomes intense, with ALT levels rising significantly, herbs such as Bai Hua She Tiao, Pugong Ying, Lian Qiao, Hu Zhang, and others are added to clear heat and detoxify, aiding the body’s righteous forces in driving away evil. Clinical results showed satisfactory therapeutic effects. (“Journal of Chinese Medicine,” 2005, No. 3) Wang Zhengshu believed that the clinical manifestations of hepatitis B at each stage fall into five main categories: damp-heat intermingling, heat-toxin internal infiltration, liver qi stagnation, liver-kidney yin deficiency, and脾胃 disharmony. However, these conditions often appear together or are not fully typical. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is essential to differentiate syndromes, analyze specific problems on a case-by-case basis, and flexibly adopt different treatment approaches depending on the specific syndrome type. Damp-heat intermingling is commonly seen in acute jaundice-type, transitional-type, and active phases of chronic hepatitis; the primary treatment focuses on clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying, and reducing jaundice, using Yin Chen Hao Tang with modifications (Yin Chen, Hu Zhang, Huang Zhi Zi, Lu Jin, Huo Xiang).