Recently Commonly Used Antibiotics – September 8, 2002

Recently Commonly Used Antibiotics – September 8, 2002

1. Dansha (Ofloxacin) injection, 0.4 g added to 5% glucose for slow intravenous drip, 1–2 times daily, protected from light. Side effects: gastrointestinal reactions, photosensitivity, rash, epilepsy, and mental abnormalities.

2. Clindamycin, 2 mL, 0.3 g, administered via intramuscular or intravenous injection, mixed with 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, twice daily. Side effects: gastrointestinal reactions, phlebitis, and hematologic reactions. Suitable for Gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria.

3. Xianqing (Clindamycin), 0.6 g added to 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 100 mL, protected from light, dosage 0.6–2.4 g/day.

4. Linglanxin (Cefoperazone combined with sulbactam), 2 g, administered via intramuscular, intravenous, or intravenous drip. Twice daily. Most cephalosporins are excreted through bile, so patients with hepatobiliary diseases, especially those with obstructive jaundice, should reduce the dosage appropriately; patients with renal impairment should adjust the dosage to a lower level.

5. Cefradine, 2 g, administered twice daily via intramuscular, intravenous, or intravenous drip. Suitable for patients with renal insufficiency, but dosage should be reduced. Severe cases may cause epilepsy.

6. Xin Fuxin (Cefuroxime), 0.25 g, 0.75 g, 1.5 g. Beta-lactamase inhibitor, protected from light. Intramuscular injection 0.25 g, intravenous injection 0.25–0.75 g, intravenous drip 1.5 g added to 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 100 mL, administered 1–3 times daily.

7. Xin Anlin (Ampicillin injection combined with sulbactam), 0.75 g, administered via intramuscular injection, 2–3 times daily, dosage 1.5–3.0 g.

8. Sige’er (Amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid), clavulanic acid and sulbactam are both beta-lactamase inhibitors. 1.2–2.4 g, once daily; 100 mL, intravenous drip, twice daily.

<!-- translated-chunk:52/63 -->

9. Ming Kexin (Cefuroxime), 0.75–1.5 g, once daily, added to 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, with a total dose up to 6 g. Concurrent use of potent diuretics should be approached with caution, as it may occasionally lead to renal failure and can cross the blood–brain barrier.

10. Lifuxing (Levofloxacin), 0.2 g, 100 mL, 0.2–0.3 g, intravenous drip, twice daily, protected from light, slow infusion; should not be used concurrently with theophylline or Ca^++++^-mg.

11. Fleroxacin Mannitol Injection, protected from light, slow drip, 0.2–0.4 g, 1–2 times daily, intravenous drip, 100 mL.

12. Netilmicin (synthetic aminoglycoside): ① 1 mL (5000 units); ② 2 mL (10,000 units), twice daily, intramuscular injection or intravenous drip. Adverse effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.

13. Vancomycin (narrow-spectrum antibiotic), indicated for drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and pseudomembranous colitis, 0.4–0.8 g, 250 mL, intravenous drip. Adverse effect: renal damage.

The above antibiotics can be broadly categorized as follows:

1. Penicillin class Xinanlin, Sige'er—Xinanlin is a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam, while Sige'er combines penicillin with clavulanic acid; skin test required, no nephrotoxicity.

2. Quinolone class Lifuxing, Diansha, Luofusheng. ① Protect from light; ② Slow infusion; ③ Limit dosage; ④ Nephrotoxicity; ⑤ 100 mL; ⑥ Use with caution in those under 18, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers; ⑦ Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Cephalosporin class Xinfuxin, Ming Kexin, cefotaxime, 0.2 g, intravenous drip, twice daily, mild nephrotoxicity, can cross the blood–brain barrier, cross-allergic to penicillin.

4. Lincomycin class Clindamycin, Xianqing, 0.3–0.6 g, intravenous drip, twice daily, nephrotoxicity.

5. Miscellaneous Vancomycin, Netilmicin.