Several Advances in Diabetes, August 8, 1997

Several Advances in Diabetes, August 8, 1997

1. Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma: Negative ketones, high blood sugar.

2. Diabetic vascular complications: Recent findings indicate that after more than 15 years, patients often develop varying degrees of small vessel disease. This is arteriosclerosis, and the incidence of diabetic arteriosclerosis is 4–6 times higher than normal, leading to hardening and necrosis of blood vessels in the heart, brain, kidneys, retina, and feet.

3. C-peptide immune response can directly observe the secretory function of the pancreas and the secretion of endogenous insulin.

4. Changes in treatment: Generally speaking, treatments can be divided into sulfonylureas and biguanides. The representative of the former is glimepiride, while the latter includes metformin, glipizide, and glucophage. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be treated with large doses of insulin; recently, there have been suggestions for smaller doses, but no unified opinion has yet been reached.