1 Conclusions

1 Conclusions

1.1 Pei's Shengxue Granules significantly increase the weight of immune organs—thymus and spleen—in tumor-bearing mice, thereby enhancing their nonspecific immune function.

1.2 Pei's Shengxue Granules markedly inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice, with a significant difference in tumor inhibition rates compared to the model group after treatment (p<0.05).

1.3 Pei's Shengxue Granules inhibit NF-κB expression, affect gene transcription function, and block the transition of tumor cells from the G1 phase to the S phase, resulting in a large accumulation of G1-phase tumor cells. At the same time, DNA synthesis and replication in S-phase tumor cells are inhibited and blocked, leading to a decrease in the S-phase ratio and reduced cell proliferation, thereby suppressing tumor growth and proliferation.

Research on Pei Zhengxue's series of prescriptions

The decline in cell proliferation ability thus suppresses tumor growth and proliferation.

1.4 Pei's Shengxue Granules can increase the apoptosis rate of tumor cells, promoting or inducing tumor cell apoptosis.

2 Reflections and Prospects

As a purely traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Pei's Shengxue Granules are composed entirely of herbs that tonify vital energy and strengthen the body's foundation. Since Professor Pei Zhengxue first formulated this prescription, it has been widely used in clinical practice for over 30 years, demonstrating that Pei's Shengxue Granules are not only highly effective against leukemia but also show remarkable clinical efficacy against malignant tumors and immune dysfunction caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, preliminary animal experiments have confirmed that its effects are consistent with the therapeutic outcomes achieved in clinical applications.

The initiation of this research was inspired by Professor Pei Zhengxue's more than forty years of clinical experience, fully embodying the idea that clinical experience guides experimental research and avoiding blind experimentation. In future studies, we will make full use of new achievements in modern science and technology to conduct in-depth research on the molecular mechanisms underlying Pei's Shengxue Granules' antitumor effects, explore Professor Pei's views on the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and his treatment methods, and provide more microscopic explanations for his clinical prescriptions.

Figures

Figure 1-1 Model group, TEM, ×5000
Figure 1-2 High-dose PG group, TEM, ×5000
No positive changes or nuclear features indicative of apoptosis were observed in the tumor cells, such as nuclear condensation or chromatin margination.

Figure 1-3 Medium-dose PG group, TEM, ×5000
Chromatin margination, condensation, and nuclear condensation were observed.
Figure 1-4 Low-dose PG group, TEM, ×5000
Macrophages are phagocytosing apoptotic cells.

Figure 1-5 Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules control group, TEM, ×5000
Chromatin condensation and margination, presenting a crescent-shaped appearance.

Figure 3-1 Flow cytometry: NF-κB expression in the model control group

Figure 3-2 Flow cytometry: NF-κB expression in the high-dose PG group
Figure 3-3 Flow cytometry: NF-κB expression in the medium-dose PG group

Figure 3-4 Flow cytometry: NF-κB expression in the low-dose PG group
Figure 3-5 Flow cytometry: NF-κB expression in the Zhenqi Fuzheng Granules group

Figure 4-1 Tumor cell cycle in tumor-bearing mice
Figure 4-2 Effects of PG on the tumor cell cycle and apoptosis rate in tumor-bearing mice (model group) and its impact on apoptosis rate (small)

Figure 4-3 Effects of PG on the tumor cell cycle and apoptosis rate in tumor-bearing mice (medium)
Figure 4-4 Effects of PG on the tumor cell cycle and apoptosis rate in tumor-bearing mice (large)

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The Effect of Pei’s Shengxue Granules Combined with 5-Fu on Bone Marrow DNA and Serum TNF-α and IFN-γ Levels in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Zhang Chouchou