1 Anti-tumor Effects of Pei’s Shengxue Granules

1 Anti-tumor Effects of Pei’s Shengxue Granules

The H₂₂ transplantable tumor model used in this experiment is a typical in vivo model for evaluating drug anti-tumor activity. The method involves transplanting tumor cells into animals and allowing them to continuously proliferate within the animal’s body. The advantage of this model is that it maintains the integrity of the organism and keeps the body in normal contact with the external environment, thus more objectively reflecting the drug’s anti-tumor activity [34].

The results of this experiment show that the average tumor weights in the high-, medium-, and low-dose groups of Pei’s Shengxue Granules were all lower than those in the model group, at 1.708±0.396g, 1.623±0.365g, and 1.808±0.462g, respectively, with statistically significant differences compared with the model group (p<0.05).

Research on Pei Zhengxue’s series of prescriptions

The tumor inhibition rates were 32.1%, 35.5%, and 28.1%, indicating that Pei’s Shengxue Granules have a good effect in inhibiting tumors.

2 Effects of Pei’s Shengxue Granules on Immune Organs

The thymus is one of the body’s important central immune organs, serving as the site for T-cell development, differentiation, and maturation, playing a crucial role in the body’s immune regulation; the spleen is one of the important peripheral immune organs, where various immune cells reside and mount immune responses, and also an important site for synthesizing immune-active substances (such as interferon, complement, cytokines, etc.). Therefore, observing changes in the thymus and spleen can help evaluate the body’s immune status.

The results of this experiment show that in the tumor-bearing model group, the volume and weight of the mice’s thymus and spleen decreased, with some thymuses showing unclear lobes and a grayish-white color, and the spleens turning a lighter red. In contrast, the appearance of the thymus and spleen in the PG dose groups was not significantly different from that of the normal group.

The thymus index of the PG dose groups was higher than that of the model group, with the medium- and high-dose groups having thymus indices of 38.7±9.8mg/10g and 36.5±9.2mg/10g, respectively, representing increases of 37.2% and 29.2% compared with the model group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the thymus index of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.05). The spleen index of the PG dose groups was also higher than that of the model group, with the medium-dose group having a spleen index of 70.5±19.0mg/10g, an increase of 29.9% compared with the model group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the spleen index of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the PG dose groups and the ZG group (P>0.05). These findings suggest that Pei’s Shengxue Granules have a clear improving effect on the immune organs—the thymus and spleen—of tumor-bearing mice, indicating that Pei’s Shengxue Granules can enhance the non-specific immune function of tumor-bearing mice.

3 Effects of Pei’s Shengxue Granules on Cytokines

Cytokines are small-molecule proteins secreted by activated immune cells and certain stromal cells, playing an important role in regulating the initiation, propagation, and modulation of immune responses. Modern research shows that EGF promotes the malignant transformation of normal cells and stimulates the proliferation of tumor cells; IL-1 can directly or indirectly affect the response of the body’s immune cells, accelerating the immune evasion of tumor cells.