2 Reflections and Prospects

2 Reflections and Prospects

As the immune pathogenesis of aplastic anemia becomes increasingly clear, research on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on immune function in aplastic anemia is becoming more active. By establishing animal models and setting up control groups, researchers are studying the impact of traditional Chinese medicine on the immune systems of aplastic anemia model mice, gradually delving into molecular and genetic levels to uncover objective evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine in treating aplastic anemia and regulating immune function. However, we must also recognize that experimental research on aplastic anemia and studies on immunological objective indicators still lack standardization and systematicity. Furthermore, the application of modern immunological and genetic technologies—such as T-cell receptor β-chain variable region profiling, telomere–telomerase analysis, and neuro-immune-endocrine network theory—is lagging behind the pace of modern medical development. At the same time, we should avoid blindly pursuing highly sophisticated modern medical indicators; instead, we need to strike a reasonable balance that effectively addresses the issues at hand. Therefore, in the field of aplastic anemia research, how to leverage modern immunological and genetic technologies to deepen our understanding of the disease and explore the material basis and underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in treating aplastic anemia and regulating immune function will become a new challenge for researchers in traditional Chinese medicine.

Figures

Pathological sections of mouse spleen (HE staining)

• Figure 1: In the normal group, multiple germinal centers are visible in the central artery, magnified 10×.
• Figure 2: In the normal group, the capsule is intact, with clear boundaries between red and white pulp and multiple germinal centers, magnified 10×.
• Figure 3: In the model group, the capsule is markedly thickened, the sinusoids are dilated, germinal centers are reduced, and the boundary between red and white pulp is unclear, with the white pulp accounting for 15%–20% of the total, magnified 10×.
• Figure 4: In the model group, no obvious germinal centers are seen, only a few isolated lymphoid follicles, magnified 10×.
• Figure 5: In the high-dose group, the capsule is slightly thickened, the sinusoids are slightly dilated, and about 50% of the germinal centers are visible, magnified 10×.
• Figure 6: In the high-dose group, the capsule is slightly thickened, the sinusoids are slightly dilated, with lymphoid follicles visible beneath the capsule, and the white pulp accounting for 35%–40% of the total, magnified 10×.
• Figure 7: In the medium-dose group, the capsule has returned to normal, and the white pulp accounts for 60% of the total, magnified 10×.
• Figure 8: In the medium-dose group, the white pulp accounts for 75% of the total, with multiple, clearly visible germinal centers, magnified 10×.
• Figure 9: In the low-dose group, the capsule is unclear, but germinal centers have partially recovered, magnified 10×.
• Figure 10: In the low-dose group, the sinusoids are slightly dilated, germinal centers are few, and the white pulp accounts for 30% of the total, magnified 10×.
• Figure 11: In the Zhenqi group, the capsule is unclear, but germinal centers have partially recovered, magnified 10×.
• Figure 12: In the Zhenqi group, no obvious germinal centers are seen, and the white pulp accounts for 20% of the total, magnified 20×.

Research on Pei Zhengxue’s series of formulas

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Research on Pei Zhengxue's Series of Formulas

Effect of Peishishengxue Granule on the proliferation activity of splenic lymphocytes and cytokine secretion in H₂₂-bearing mice

Zhang Guiqiong